Thomas Edison

UThomas Edison, owaziwa ngawo wonke umhlaba, wathola okungaphezu kwenkulungwane yamalungelo obunikazi. Ngaphambi kwakhe, akekho obala ezinombolweni ezinjalo. Le ndoda yayithuthukisiwe isibani esilungisiwe (senze ukonga), ucingo, imishini yefilimu, i-telegraph. Bakha i-gerograph, i-counter of votes ngesikhathi sokhetho, ibhethri yensimbi-nickel, isihlalo sikagesi.

Thomas Edison. Biography

Le ndoda yazalwa ngo-1847, ngoFebruwari 11, edolobheni laseMylan , e-Ohio. Uyise wakhe (uSamuweli) wayengumnikazi wesitolo sombazi, nonina (uNancy) - uthisha.

Lapho uTomas eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, uyise wahamba. Kulokhu, umndeni waphoqeleka ukuba uthuthele ePort Huron , eMichigan. Lapho, uThomas Edison waya esikoleni samabanga aphansi. Nokho, wachitha izinyanga ezintathu kulo. Lo mfana wayengabonakali ngamakhono akhethekile, wafunda, ngokujwayelekile, hhayi kahle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuba uthisha ebiza uTomas "eyisimungulu" nhlobo, umama wathatha lo mfana ekhaya. Khona-ke wathola imfundo yasekhaya kuphela.

Kwayishumi uThomas Edison wasuswa kakhulu yi-chemistry futhi wahlonyiswa i-laboratory encane engaphansi kwendlu. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwakudinga imali. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nambili uTomase waya emsebenzini. Wathengisa ama-apula esigcawini somuzi, wabe eseqala ukuhweba izimpahla ezahlukene ezitimeleni, lapho achitha khona isikhathi esiningi. Wanikezwa ngisho nemoto yemithwalo, lapho adlulisela khona i-laboratory yakhe nalapho afaka khona ukuhlolwa kwakhe. Lapho uTomas eneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala, wathenga umshini wesibili futhi waqala ukunyathelisa iphephandaba.

Kusukela ngo-1863, uTomas waqala ukusebenza njengomqhubi we-telegraph. Kwaphela iminyaka emihlanu efunda ngomsebenzi wakhe. U-Edison wacabanga ngokusungula emva kokufunda incwadi kaFaraday mayelana nokuhlola kokuhlola kagesi.

Ngo-1869, i-patent yokuqala yatholwa kubhalisi wamavoti. Kodwa-ke, kwakungekho abathengi kulolu hlelo. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, uThomas Edison unquma ukubhekana kuphela nentuthuko enenzuzo. Ngo-1870, uthengisa i-patent yedivaysi ye-telegraphic ekwazisa izingcaphuno zesitoko kwi-stock exchange (ticker). Izimali azitholayo (ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane) zadalwa ekwakheni i-laboratory eNewark. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhakha ye-ticker kuqala.

Ngo-1873, uThomas Edison wasungula uhlelo lwe-duplex lokusebenza kwe-telegraph. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwavumela imilayezo emibili ukuba idluliselwe ezikhombini eziphambene nocingo olufanayo kanyekanye. Kamuva, u-Edison waqala ukuthumela imiyalezo emine.

Ngo-1876, umsunguli wathuthela eMenlo Park. Udala lapha i-workshop entsha-laboratory. UThomas Edison uyamhlomisa nazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo namathuluzi, ukhetha ngokucophelela abasebenzi. Umgomo kwakuwukuthuthukisa le nqubo ngendlela yokuthi ingasetshenziswa ngenzuzo. Ngokuvamile, le laboratory yayiyisikhungo sokuqala socwaningo emhlabeni. Ngo-1877 kwakhiqizwa imakrofoni yamalahle nama-gerograph. Lo wesifazane wayesengakapheli, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wayethandwa kakhulu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngo-1878, uThomas Edison waqala ukwethula izibani ze-incandescent embonini . Zakhiwe phambi kwakhe, umsunguli wazigcwalisa kuphela. Ngo-1882, u-Edison wadala amandla akhe okuqala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, inkathi yemboni yokukhanyisa e-United States yaqala.

Ngo-1887, umsunguli wavula i-laboratory entsha eWest Oring, ekhudlwana futhi ehlomele kangcono. I-dictaphone, ibhethri ye-alkaline, i- fluoroscope, i-kinescope yadalwa lapha, futhi i-gerograph nayo yathuthukiswa.

Ngo-1892 u-Edison wadala ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunazo zonke "General Electric".

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule wachitha ngokuthula futhi elinganisa. Waphila u-Edison ngobuningi, ekhulisa izingane nabazukulu.

Umsunguli washona eWest Orange, eNew Jersey, ngo-1931, ngo-Okthoba 18.