Bone izicubu: izici kwesakhiwo nemisebenzi

Bone izicubu ihlukile izakhiwo ezithile mechanical lendwangu asekelayo okuyinto yakhiwa ithambo amaseli bese Lesisemkhatsini ekhethekile. Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa eliphakathi nendawo collagen fibre (bone-matrix) kanye compounds ezahlukene wezinto ezingaphili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithambo izicubu has lacunary-canalicular uhlelo ehlanganisa inethiwekhi lacunae ezincane futhi canaliculi nokunikeza umzimba intraosseous.

Bone amaseli we izinhlobo ezintathu: osteoclasts, osteoblasts futhi osteocytes. Osteoclasts - amaseli esikhulu multinucleated Lokudabuka monocytic, usayizi ezingase zifinyelele 190 microns. La mangqamuzana zinengxenye resorption (Ukubhujiswa) ithambo bese uqwanga. Ngaphansi ukuvuselelwa bokuphila reparative ithambo resorption, osteoclasts zokulithwala. umsebenzi Osteoclast kuyinto encike ngqo kwi inani hormone parathyroid, anda zamagama zazo kufaka ukusebenza osteoclast umsebenzi, okuholela ukubhujiswa ithambo.

Osteoblasts - usemncane zikanhlangothiningi cube ithambo amaseli okwenzeka ezingqimbeni ebusweni esihlasela amathambo futhi lizungezwe mncane collagen microfibrils. Umsebenzi oyinhloko osteoblasts kuyinto synthesize extracellular-matrix izingxenye - amathambo collagen futhi elawula kwezinsalela namaminerali.

Osteocytes futhi ahlelwe izikhala kukhona fusiform mnogootrostchatye ithambo ovuthiwe amaseli, olawula umzimba intraosseous.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-ithambo izicubu: indawo-fibered futhi ihlamvu. Kubantu abadala, indawo-fibered ithambo izicubu elise emalungeni Yekhanda namathambo izingxenye ukunamathela imisipha, iqukethe amorphous izinyanda futhi disordered obukhulu collagen ethandele. Ukwakheka kwamathambo lamellar kuhlanganisa bone zezinhlangothi ukushuba ka 4-15 microns osteocytes, ikhemikhali eyisisekelo futhi mncane collagen ethandele.

Bone izicubu, kanye nezinye izitho zomzimba womuntu echayeke inflammations ahlukahlukene, futhi izifo. Amagciwane ukuvuvukala kungenzeka busuka ke ngemithambo yegazi, isb. E. Umzila hematogenous, uma kwenzeka ukuthi isiguli ubovu kwemizi. Ukuvuvukala ithambo izicubu ngokuthi osteomyelitis ungalokothi uphuze izinto zazo kungaba beriberi, ukuhlukumezeka, ukukhathala, Ukupholisa nokunye. Kuye ukushuba nesivinini osteomyelitis ihlukanise izinhlobo okungamahlalakhona, oyingozi futhi subacute lesi sifo.

Umphumela eside ukuvuvukala ithambo izicubu ukuvaleka semithambo kanye kahle kwegazi (thrombosis). Ngakho, zibancishe ukudla okunomsoco ithambo izicubu iqala sokudiliza mertvet futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kukhona necrosis (necrosis) nokubhujiswa nezicubu namathambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nokwenqatshwa necrotic amathambo ezindaweni nokulahlekelwa ukuxhumana ithambo izicubu onempilo, kwakheka sequesters okuthiwa.

Izizathu eziyinhloko ebangela osteomyelitis (ukuvuvukala ithambo izicubu) amabhaktheriya esifo pyogenic: streptococci, staphylococci futhi pneumococci, futhi emathunjini, imbewu eletha typhoid namanye amagciwane. A ezihlukahlukene osteomyelitis kubhekwe Izifo ukuvuvukala njengesifo sofuba, ithambo felon namathambo.

ukwelashwa osteomyelitis ukubhubhisa ukutheleleka ngemithi elwa namagciwane, okuyinto akhethiwe ngamunye kuye ngohlobo kwamagciwane. Imithi elwa namagciwane sihlala izinyanga ezimbili. Izinsuku zokuqala izidakamizwa zithathwa ngefomu iphilisi, uma izinsuku ezine intuthuko siyenzeka, umuthi iqondiswa ngemithambo yegazi noma Ngokuqhubeka ngqo maphakathi osteomyelitis.