Classicism e umculo

Emakhulwini eminyaka 17-19 isiko lithi aseYurophu esikhundleni yimikhuba nendlela eziphikisa isitayela Baroque kuza abazibheka classicism esiqinile. Izimiso zalo eziyisisekelo yenzelwa ukudala i ekahle, ecacile, ngokunengqondo ephelele nobunye zobuciko. Classicism e umculo ulilethele izitayela ezintsha ezihlobene nohlobo nokuqukethwe imisebenzi. Ngo lesi sikhathi e umqambi sesifinyelele ukuphelela izinhlobo ezifana sonata, symphony futhi opera.

A revolution kweqiniso e umculo kwaba izinguquko K. Gluck, etshumayela izimfuneko ezintathu eziyisisekelo ukuze imisebenzi: iqiniso, engokwemvelo kanye lula. Emzamweni ukuwudlulisela izethameli ngaphezulu umqondo kufinyeleleke imisebenzi okukhulu, ke ahlanze phandle zonke izikolo ezingadingekile "imiphumela": ubucwebe, tremolo, trills. The main Igxila ukuvezwa olusankondlo isithombe Ukwakheka, ukuqonda nakho engaphakathi protagonist. Classicism e umculo kakhulu ngokucace kwembulwe opera K. Gluck sika "Orpheus futhi Eurydice". Lo msebenzi, ezibhaliwe ngokuhambisana imibono emisha, kwasho ukuqala izinguquko ngenhla.

Classicism e umculo ifinyelela isiqongo sayo engxenyeni kwekhulu le-18 yesibili. Ngalesi sikhathi e Vienna ukudala yobuciko zabo olukhulu emhlabeni bomculo bodumo Yozef Gaydn, Ludwig van Beethoven futhi Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Umnqopho we umsebenzi wakhe, abayikhokhela uhlobo Symphonic. Yozef Gaydn ubhekwa nongubaba umculo wezinsimbi classical kanye umsunguli orchestra. Nguye kuchazwe imithetho eyisisekelo, okuyinto kufanele sisekelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-symphony, esungulwe oda ukwahlukanisa isakhiwo, kubanika ukubukeka isiqediwe futhi wathola ifomu ekahle ukugcwaliseka okuqukethwe ezijulile imisebenzi lolu hlobo - ngokuphindwe kane. Classicism e umculo isungule uhlobo olusha emithathu ingxenye sonata. Ukuqamba ebhaliwe kuleli fomu, mncane yizicukuthwane atholwe lula, kalula, ubungqabavu, umhlaba ngenjabulo nangokuzimisela.

ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi sonata-Symphonic kukhona ngemisebenzi Mozart. Lokhu umculi odumile ethandekayo e Vienna, sakhela phezu ipumelelo uHaydn, wabhala inombolo wemidlalo ye-opera ukumela isiko wesimanje ongowenani elikhulu: "The Magic umtshingo", "Don Giovanni", "Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro" nabanye.

isikhathi Classical sabonakala imisebenzi umqambi omkhulu LV Beethoven - inkathi enkulu symphony umqambi sika. emikhulu wakhe imisebenzi, kwakheka bedle izenzakalo wamavukelambuso enkulu yaleso sikhathi, benamandla bokubanga emzabalazweni, idrama kanye ubuqhawe okukhulu. Bona beyibonakala ziqondiswe sonke isintu. Ludwig van Beethoven ungumdali eziningi ibika Symphonic ( "Coriolanus," "Egmont"), Piano Sonatas emashumi mathathu anamibini, amakhonsathi emihlanu ngoba upiyano futhi orchestra eminye imisebenzi emikhulu. Emibhalweni yakhe ibonisa iqhawe ngokugqamile futhi unothando, sazi futhi fighter, okuyinto abazalwa nawo bokubanga okukhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo akamusha dreaminess lyrical. Umculo e Beethoven classical igcwaliswe ukuthuthukiswa yakhe, kwesokunxele ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo irhuluphelo ukuvumelana okukhulu okunengqondo.