CPL-okukuhlunga nokwehlukana isiyingi. izifundo izithombe

Uyini polarizing isihlungi CPL? Lokhu Imoto ingaba yithuluzi eliwusizo ukuthi zonke photographer kufanele Esikhwameni yabo. Njengoba Polarizer kuthinte sithombe? Ukuze ukuthuthukisa umuzwa mayelana nalesi sikhathi, ngokuvamile badinga isikhathi eside ukuze uzizamele thina. Kulesi sihloko sizofunda ngokuthi singakugwema kanjani ukusheshisa le nqubo kakhulu ngendlela lo mkhiqizo zingenza umsebenzi kulula (futhi ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo) etimeni letehlukene.

Lapho sinamathela CPL-Hlunga? Uhlala phambi phambi lens. ingabe idivayisi Isebenza kanjani? It ukuhlunga reflection ngqo yelanga ngaphansi engeli opredelennіmi. Akukhona ebhalwe endaweni engafanele, nezinye shades ukukhanya ngokuvamile ocebile futhi iyona ngaphezulu. Ukusebenza le divayisi nayo idinga ukwanda ukuchayeka (njengoba abanye imisebe kuthiwa baphambukile). Ukulawula engela filtration kungenxa kudivayisi ngokushintshana. Kusukela ekutholeni emgqeni-of-umbono we isihlobo ilanga ukuze amandla umthelela uncike.

Ukujikeleza isihlungi

Uma usebenzisa CPL Elihehayo, ungathola umphumela esiphezulu? Kuphela uma ulayini umbono ikhamera perpendicular elangeni. Kungenzeka ucabange, ukuthumela umunwe index elangeni, futhi isithupha ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubeka kuye nge-engela kwesokudla. Ngenkathi ukushintshanisa ingalo, ekhomba ukukhanya sosuku, iyiphi inkambo, okuzokwenza abonisa isithupha sakho eyonquma ulayini umphumela esiphezulu polarizer.

Nokho, iqiniso lokuthi CPL Elihehayo ipha impumela engcono kulezi zindawo akusho ukuthi kuzo umsebenzi wakhe uzobe ephawuleka kakhulu. Cap nokwehlukana izovela uma siphenduka, okuyinto kushintsha engela maqondana emini. Ukuze lwenzeke kithi lolu umsebenzi lemifanekiso, kungcono ukuyivula, ubuka isibonisi ikhamera noma kusitholi sokubonwayo wakhe.

Ngo ukusetshenziswa ebanzi engela lens ingatholakala yi okungafanele, kusukela imiphumela nokwehlukana kuxhomeke engela. Omunye lwesimo zingafakwa engela ilungelo ilanga, kanye nezinye - ngakuye. Kulokhu, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale isithombe polarizing umphumela ngeke lubonakale, kodwa ngakolunye - kungabonwa.

Kuyacaca ukuthi kabanzi-angle lens abaphelele. Nokho, turning "polyarika" Umphumelo ngezinye izikhathi ukwenza ukuphila okwengeziwe. Isikhathi esining impela, ochwepheshe ukubeka umphumela evelele kakhulu nokwehlukana eduze onqenqemeni noma ekhoneni isithombe.

incazelo

Abathwebuli ukudala eliphezulu izithombe usebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili izihlungi: lwento kanye nokwehlukana isiyingi. Lezi amadivayisi ahlukaniswe nendawo ezizobekwa ahlukaniswe ocebile athuthukisiwe babonakalise ukukhanya. Ngosizo lwabo, nokususa phansi, ungakwazi Zikhipha kokufiphala elikhanyayo, noma wasithatha landscape ngaphandle kwefasitela ngaphandle ukubonakaliswa kwayo siqu engilazini.

izihlungi komugqa enze umsebenzi elula - bashintsha ukukhanya uphasile indiza olulodwa. Amadivayisi nge nokwehlukana isiyingi ukunikeza ukufinyelela imisebe, umbuthano ukushintshwa. Bona iyiphi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ray iguqulwe ibe eyindilinga. Eqinisweni, "polyarik" isiyingi akusho liphazamisane autofocus kwenza Lowaya ukuqagela ukuchayeka, futhi ingafakwa zonke amakhamera (kuhlanganise amadala).

Ngakho ukukhanya engadingeki nazo iqedwe, njengasezulwini idivayisi nokwehlukana komugqa. CPL Elihehayo inika "ukuhlanzeka" eyindilinga kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya kuphela inamandla athile. Esikhathini igagasi ipuleti endleleni optical umehluko phakathi inkambo emaphikweni alo elula ongavamile ncamashi ingxenye yesine ka ubude bayo. Ukuze zonke ezinye yamaza idivayisi izoveza okunomthelela okweqanda.

izihlungi Isiyingi nzima kuphumula, funa kube izindleko zabo lingaphezulu. On the yangaphandle zedivayisi ibekwe ezivamile komugqa kudivayisi, futhi ngaphakathi - plate ikota-wave oguqula nokwehlukana komugqa ku eyindilinga.

isithombe

izihlungi Polarizing wekhamera - ke sika zikagesi, yakhelwe ukuqeda imiphumela engadingeki (zibona, ukukhanya), ukunciphisa ukugqama (nge ukwanda okufanayo ukugcwaliswa) kwesibhakabhaka nezinye izinto okufinyelela imigomo yobuhle. Babukeka njengezihlahla izihlungi abajwayelekile, kodwa ube izingxenye front futhi bakhulise of ukushuba alinganayo ezingasetshenziswa uphendukisa ngokukhululekile.

Njengoba lisetshenziswe CPL-Hlunga? Kuyini kule divayisi? ingxenye yayo ezingemuva is screwed lens, nomphumela ofiselekayo kuyakhethwa ngokuvula phambi isigamu ngasiphi angle. phambi Ingxenye ingase ifakwe i ngentambo yangaphakathi, ehambisana nge hoods ikhava umgomo threaded noma ezinye nezihlungi kuwusizo elingenakuphikwa.

izingxenye ezahlukene angase abanike kukhanye izinto ziyavutha engeli ezahlukene nokwehlukana, okuyinto synchronously ukucindezela eyodwa isihlungi akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, in the luhlaka we izihloko olubunjiwe kungenzeka inombolo enkulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, asebenza njalo basonta izihlungi polarizing, futhi, bonke, ngaphandle langemuva, kumele yemigqa lihlukaniswe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ngoba compensator optical Ibekwe e isihlungi isiyingi kuvimbela ukuzuzwa umphumela namanye amadivayisi ukuthi zingafakwa ngemva kwaso.

Adume ngaphezulu isihlungi polarizing a lens? inhlanganiso wayo optical ngokuvamile elisendaweni basukela amabili kuya kwamahlanu. Kungase kube ukuhlanekezela umbala. Ngokuvamile, amanye amadivayisi abe iconsi elilodwa ukuyeka esifundeni violet-blue, ngenxa esithombeni etholwe nge Tint oluhlaza. amafoni eshibhile kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha esihle ngokuningiliziwe ezinjengendle. "Polyarik" kanye "zokuzivikela" ukuhlunga UV-ezivimbela siqhutshwa divayisi izithombe kakhulu.

imininingwane

Ngokuvamile, isihlungi polarizing ikhiqizwa ngesimo plate amabili ezenziwe ngengilazi. Phakathi kwabo ibekwe Polaroid ifilimu kokuba dichroism komugqa. Le nto ungqimba ezithile cellulose acetate ehlanganisa i nani elihlaba umxhwele microlites amancane herapathite (quinine sulfate iodide kwakwakhe).

Ukusebenzisa okunjalo iodine-polyvinyl ifilimu nge ngamakhasimende polymer amaketanga synchronously. Umumo microlites umbono ezifanayo yasendle kagesi, futhi kwagqashuka amaketanga kuzozonke polymer aqondiswe mechanical ngilulekela. isihlungi Isiyingi, ngaphezu, ifakwe i compensator optical - ingxenye yesine-wave isigaba ipuleti. Esebenzisa le ngxenye kungaba azimisele indlela umehluko wale misebe siqala ezimbili. Isebenza ngokuhambisana mkhuba kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona double zokukhanya zinhlayiya.

Ukuguqula yokukhanya

imisebe Simple ezehlukile babe aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Yabo optical endleleni ubude futhi ziyahlukahluka. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola unhlangothi umehluko ukujiya kulinganiswa the crystal, lapho. It efakwe indlela yokuhamba ugongolo polarizer futhi ijikelezwe ngesikhathi inhlangano kuze kube isikhathi lapho oscillation yayo eksisi eqonde ngqo ngeke kuhambisane izimbazo optical.

Kulesi sikhundla, plate ikota-wave iguqula imishayo yemigqa athuthukisiwe ningene ekukhanyeni circularly lihlukaniswe (noma intombi kowesilisa) ngokwandisa unhlangothi umehluko nge-90 degrees. Nge izici ezifana zenziwa zonke "polyariki". Umehluko intengo, futhi njengoba kunjalo ngoba izingqimba ezengeziwe: zokuzivikela, elibamba, amanzi-oxosha.

ukubukeka

Uma kusetshenziswa isisefo polarizing for lens lwenzelwe? Lo mkhiqizo wethulwa ngokuthuthukisa izakhi TTL ikhamera okuzenzakalelayo, okuyinto, ngokungafani izithombe, babé sincike umthelela emisha ku ukukhanya.

Ngokuvamile emisebeni komugqa-nokwehlukana ebambezela metering kanye SLR amakhamera kancane zivimbela ukusebenza kwe isigaba othomathikhi ngokugxila.

Ngo kwezinkanyezi, "polyariki" yakhiwa amadivayisi ngawo wafunda ushintsho isiyingi futhi komugqa izinto ukukhanya ohlala emkhathini.

ngokugadwa Polarizing kuyindlela eyisisekelo yokuthola ulwazi mayelana nomthamo kazibuthe ezindaweni odala emisebeni ngesikhathi, bathi, dwarfs emhlophe.

Nikon CPL

Polarizing Hlunga CPL Nikon 52 mm - into esibalulekile landscape izithombe kanye labo uthanda ukuthola izithombe eliphezulu. Kunezizathu okungenani eziyisithupha kungani kufanele ukuthenga lo mkhiqizo:

• Ukuze bethwebula yamanzi (iba mnyama futhi esobala ngaphezulu).
• Ukuthwebula kwenkundla (okwandisa "ukugcwaliswa" esibhakabhakeni kanye oluhlaza).
• Ngokudubula engela ngefasitela (ukuqeda ukukhanya futhi ukucabanga kusukela ingilazi).
• Ukuqedwa ukucabanga uma libalele (amanzi, ingilazi, imishini).
• Ukwandisa isivinini yesivalo ukuze umbhangqwana yokuma (uma kunesidingo).
• Ukuvikelwa Lens ngokumelene umthelela lokukhanda.

Thenga lesi sihlungi kuyadingeka kulabo bayahamba ukuya emazweni afudumele - iyithuluzi elibalulekile emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izithombe ezimibalabala. Libalele elikhanyayo kule divayisi ngcono ikhwalithi yesithombe ngokwandisa umehluko kanye saturation, ngaleyo ndlela uqede ngisho ufasimbe.

imikhawulo

Labo abantu abafuna ukufunda indlela ukuthatha izithombe ezinhle, thatha izithombe izifundo ochwepheshe. Indlela usebenzise isisefo samanzi polarizing? ububanzi oyifunayo zedivayisi kuyadingeka ukuze igcine ku lens ikhamera. Izungezisa crystal e lemifanekiso, kumelwe ukhethe i-degree oyifunayo nokwehlukana, okuvumela bamba ukuqeda okubuya amanzi noma ingilazi futhi uthole amafu Fluffy ngaphezulu nomhlophe, egcwele esibhakabhakeni.

Kukhona ezinye imikhawulo ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi anjalo:

• Izungezisa nokwehlukana isihlungi kumele kubhekwe ukuthi umphumela olulindelekile kokuzibekela endaweni izokwenziwa ngesikhathi degree angaba ngu-90 kusukela isikhundla sokuqala. Uma idivayisi iphendukiswa 180 degrees, lokhu iqhinga kuzokwenza isithombe esimweni saso sokuqala.
• "Polyariki" ukuthambisa yokucucuza ukukhanya ngokufaka ikhamera be-CCD ngemehlo, ngakho ochwepheshe ngokuvamile ukwandisa esele ukuchayeka esiteji 1-2.

amaphutha

izifundo izithombe kudingeka Wabasaqalayo ukudala izithombe eliphezulu. Sithole ukuthi "polyariki" ewusizo kakhulu. Ngeshwa, banayo bokwenza lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-apharathasi ukuchayeka angacela ukukhanya okuningi ku izikhathi 4-8 (izinyathelo 2-3) kunokujwayelekile.
• Badinga engela ezithile mayelana ilanga ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
• Ngalezi izihlungi ku kusitholi sokubonwayo ikhamera kunzima eMpumalanga.
• Lona omunye amathuluzi eqolo.
• Zidinga ukujikeleza, ngakho ungakwazi ukukhethwa sokuqanjwa ukwandisa.
• Ngokuvamile abakwazi usetshenziselwe kabanzi-angle nezithombe engezansi.
• Uma lemifanekiso ingcolile, kungase ikhwalithi yesithombe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi reflection kwakudingeka esithombeni. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu rainbow nokushona kwelanga. Kuwufanele phi of them isicelo polarizer kuveza ezimibalabala inganyamalala ngokuphelele noma pobloknut.

Okunye izincomo

Izihlungi ikhamera - amadivayisi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ungafunda ukusebenza nabo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. "Polyarik" kwesinye isikhathi sisetshenziswe uma kudingekile ukwandisa isikhathi ukuchayeka. Njengoba kunganciphisa izikhathi 4-8 (izinyathelo 2-3) ngocansi ukukhanya, ingasetshenziswa ukususa amanzi nezimpophoma.

Uma wagqoka polarizer ku ebanzi engela lens, Ingakha onqenqemeni esimnandi elihlwelwayo isithombe ( "vignetting"). Ukuze ugweme lokhu, cishe nawe kufanele athenge ngaphezulu "ofundisa buthule 'uthi ukhetho ezibizayo.

polarizers Isiyingi ayebekelwe ohlelweni AF bese metering ekamelweni liqhubekile lapho egqoke lemifanekiso. Ukuthuthukiswa "polyariki" ishibhile, kodwa ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ne kakhulu digital SLR amakhamera (ngoba zisebenzisa isigaba ukuthola autofocus futhi TTL - metering enqamula lens).