Dyslalia ezinganeni nezindlela bawabulale yayo. Izimbangela, izimpawu, impatho dyslalia izingane

Ukwephulwa zvukoproiznosheniya ngokuthi dyslalia. Ingane kungaba kabusha imisindo amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, ukuzishintsha abanye. Izingane ngokuvamile ukwenza esikhundleni kangangokuba kwaba elula kakhudlwana futhi kulula uphimisele. Dyslalia ezinganeni nezindlela zayo ukususwa zinqunywa nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma. Lokhu onguchwepheshe angakwazi ukumisa ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe futhi ukuthuthukisa amaqhinga ukulungisa lenkinga.

Izimbangela dyslalia

Ukwephulwa kungavuka izingane nezinkinga zokukhula apharathasi vocal: emhlathini, olimini, ezindebeni amazinyo. Kulokhu sikhuluma dyslalia lokukhanda. Ekuthuthukisweni evamile, apharathasi vocal ukuthi unesifo "dyslalia obusebenzayo".

iziyaluyalu Organic zenzeka labangakhoni:

- frenulum iDemo olimi kanye udebe eliphezulu;

- izindebe obukhulu ngokweqile;

- esibhakabhakeni isakhiwo ukukhubazeka (kungenzeka abawasebenzisayo noma ongaphakeme);

- likhulu kakhulu noma, kunalokho, ulimi encane;

- malocclusion;

- ngasebenzi lip engenhla.

Izizathu dyslalia ezinganeni kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe izici isakhi apharathasi inkulumo. Kulokhu, kuvela zvukoproiznosheniya ukwephulwa ngoba:

- Belingisa omunye engalungile ukusho;

- ukunganakwa Pedagogical;

- ayilungile inkulumo isiko emkhayeni;

- ukungakwazi umlomo wakho kule sikhundla kwesokudla;

- nokungathuthuki ezwé lwemisindvo;

- Lizinga lekusebentisa lulwimi okusheshayo ukuhwebelana komunye ukunyakaza kwenye.

amafomu Okungenzeka ukwephulwa

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi lesi sifo kubonakala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini kukhona izinhlobo zalo. Kuye inani inkinga umsindo dyslalia kungaba lelula nobe lelukhuni. Kuchaza nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma. Esimweni sokuqala, ingane ngeke khuluma kuze 5 imisindo. Lapho eziyinkimbinkimbi ifomu dyslalia bayoba ezingaphezu kuka 5. nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma angakutshela ukuthi yenzeni abazali, uma utholakale dyslalia izingane. Futhi izindlela ukukulungisa, futhi ekunqumeni indlela yokwelapha kumele kuxoxiswane ngazo ngoba kakade emhlanganweni wokuqala.

Kuya ngemvelo yokungafaneleki, eceleni ukuhlonza eziningana zenyathi dyslalia:

- lambdatsizm: nezinkinga nge yokubiza onzima ezithambile "l";

- rhotacism: ingane ngokungalungile umemezela onzima ezithambile "p";

- lisping: pronunciation ukwephulwa elinamakhasi;

- kappatsizm: nezinkinga 'k' onzima ezithambile;

- yotatsizm: okungafanele ekukhulumeni 'th';

- hitizm: ukwephulwa e yokubiza "x";

- gammatsizm: nezinkinga nge Ngokukhuluma "g";

- yokulimala ukungenelela kanye nobulukhuni imisindo: ingane ingase ibe ongwaqa kanzima esikhundleni abhanqiwe esithambile futhi okuphambene nalokho;

- ukukhubazeka emangalisa kanye nokuveza: ongwaqa lizwakalise baguqulelwa ku isithulu, okuphambene nalokho.

Ngakho dyslalia ebonakaliswa izingane. Kodwa ungesabi lokhu uphethwe: ukusebenza kahle abazali inkulumo nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma disorder ezingelapheka.

Ifomu dyslalia obusebenzayo

Udokotela luhlolo inquma izici ezimangalisayo kakhulu yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba aqondise umsebenzi nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma futhi kwenze kube kusebenze kakhulu. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba zalezi zinhlobo dyslalia obusebenzayo:

1) acoustic-lwemisindvo;

2) articulatory -phonetic;

3) articulatory-kwemisindvo.

Esimweni sokuqala kuholela ezinkingeni nokungathuthuki inkulumo ukuzwa. Ngenxa yalokhu umsindo ezifanayo izici acoustic axutshwa. Kwesinye isikhathi bebancane basuke bebona yokuthi ingane aphuthelwe inkulumo yabo.

dyslalia Articulatory-ifonotiki e izingane zasenkulisa kwenzeka okungalungile inkositini ukuhambisana izikhundla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izingane uqale baphendukezele umsindo kukhulunywa.

Lapho articulatory-lwemisindvo dyslalia ingane akusho kahle isikhundla lokungiko kwelulwimi, okuyinto kufanele zibe ukuphimisa umsindo. Lokhu kuholela kulokho kudideka.

Lapha ezinjalo kuba nzima ezahlukene - dyslalia izingane. Futhi izindlela ukukulungisa, ngakho-ke, zizohluka. Kuye uphethwe esungulwe, inkulumo Umeluleki kumelwe ukuthuthukisa isu esebenza ingane.

Ukulungiswa ezihlukahlukene yokukhuluma iziyaluyalu

Uma kukhona yokubiza engalungile imisindo bohlanga esifanayo, ezifana ikhwela, sikhuluma ukwephulwa elula. Ukuwalungisa ngokwanele 2-3 izinyanga ukubambisana nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulungiswa ingase ihlale izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa dyslalia kunzima ezinganeni, esibonakala by your pronunciation kahle kwamaqembu ezingaphezu kuka-5 imisindo, kudinga umsebenzi eside futhi wasakha ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Ezimweni eziningi, amafomu eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezingane i- ukuzwa kwemisindvo. Ngo inqubo yokulungisa nobunzima kuphakama hhayi kusukela lokuthi isidingo "ukubeka" inani elikhulu imisindo, futhi iqiniso lokuthi ingane bamuzwa ngokufanele. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ingane hhayi nje kuphela ukwenza umsebenzi nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma, nalapho sisebenzelana nabazali ekhaya. Kuphela umsebenzi ozinzile futhi ehlelekile kungenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane ukuthi ayibuyisele.

Elungisa dyslalia mechanical

Ukuze kulungiswe zvukoproiznosheniya ezihlupha izingane nenkinga ngenkulumo apharathasi, kubalulekile ukuqeda imbangela ukuthuthukiswa isifo. Uma omunye kakhulu frenulum amafishane ulimi noma udebe eliphezulu, khona-ke kwanele ukumane nje Ukunquma - futhi enganeni uqala ukukhuluma kahle.

Bekusele kancane nje ukuba izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimweni lapho ukwephulwa kubangelwa malocclusion. Kulokhu edingekayo kokubonisana wamazinyo. Kungasiza ukulungisa bite ngosizo kumadivayisi ekhethekile, ngisho esemncane. Uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, khona-ke umsebenzi onzima iqala nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma. Kumele okuhloswe ngazo, ukuze uthole nomphumela ofiselekayo acoustic e ingane nge lezi zinkinga.

Futhi, nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma kungasiza nalabo izingane esibhakabhakeni isakhiwo okungalungile. Ochwepheshe bayazazi kanjani ukuqondisa nolimi labo babe "Gothic", flat noma slot emise lwaleli engenhla emlonyeni.

Ukuhlola ingane

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale lo Yiqiniso, inkulumo Umeluleki kufanele ukuphenya ukuhamba kwe-apharathasi vocal we umntwana nonina ukuthola mayelana inkambo ekhulelwa noma ebeletha. A ezihlukahlukene zokundisa asivumela ukucacisa ukukhubazeka ekhona futhi ukunquma degree of nokuthuthukisa izingane. Ngemva kwalokhu lesifundo sezifo inkulumo Ungasho uma dyslalia izingane. "Izimpawu" (a ecacile ukwephulwa yokukhuluma) Kuhlolwa lihambisana yokuqinisekisa okuqonda kwemisindvo. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini.

Uma owelapha akusho ukuqaphela thuthuva mechanical, ziyodlulisela ingane uchwepheshe iphrofayli. Lokhu kungaba ohlinzayo, wamazinyo noma Udokotela wezindlebe. Ukuze eside owelapha Uchwepheshe batusa ukuya uma usola ukuthi ukuzwa yengane kahle. Lapho efiselekayo obusebenzayo ifomu zokugula ukuvakashelwa wezinzwa. Uhlala nezingane inhlolovo dyslalia ukukhipha lentuthuko jikelele yokukhuluma. Nakuba uphethwe kwesikhashana futhi angabakhulula nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma.

Izigaba ukulungiswa zvukoproiznoshenija

Thishela siqhamuka nezindlela nokuxhumana nengane, eyathola ukuthi inesifo dyslalia. Umsebenzi kufanele ziqondiswe hhayi kuphela ukulungisa pronunciation umsindo, kodwa futhi on ukuthuthukisa inkumbulo, ukunakwa, ukuzwa kwemisindvo. Futhi Uchwepheshe wenza imizamo sokuthuthukiswa inkulumo motor amakhono. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, it is a ekhethekile massage logopedic. Futhi ingxenye sifundo kunikezwa ukwenza izivivinyo. Kuphoqelekile uma dyslalia kwatholakala ezinganeni. Ukwelashwa (umzimba ukusiza ukuthuthukisa apharathasi vocal) kutfutfukisa indlela efanele yokubiza amagama imisindo, ezishintshayo yabo kanye nokuthuthukiswa sokuzwa kwamangqamuzana ikhono.

Sokumisa umsindo ngesikhathi esifanayo umsebenzi ku ezishintshayo yabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sidalule ingxenye amaqoqo ngabanye kanye amazwi. Ukuze efanele zesiteji ukusetshenziswa ukulingisa imiklamo. Uma akubi nemiphumela, le owelapha ngokusebenzisa uphenyo ezikhethekile zingasiza ingane yakho ngokunikeza ulimi endaweni efanele.

Yezinhloso kokwelashwa ukulungiswa

umsebenzi Uchwepheshe kufanele okuhloswe ngazo kokulungisa zvukoproiznosheniya, kanye nokubhekelelwa imisindo, ikhono uwaphimisa kahle, ukulawula indlela yabo yokukhuluma.

Kuyadingeka ukuba bazi zonke izici ekunqobeni dyslalia izingane, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo ngeke kwenzeke ukuba kuzuzwe umphumela. Ngoba inhlangano owelapha imibhangqwana '- Ingane "kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezikahle. Kid has uthemba ngothisha, Kumele ube noxhumano lwe ngokomzwelo. Kuze kube yimanje, nodokotela osiza abanezinkinga zokukhuluma kuyadingeka ukuze unakekele lenhlangano yokuqatjhwa ifomu nesithakazelo ingane. Kufanele ukhuthaze umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, ukuvimbela ukukhathala kungenzeka.

Uma lokhu kungenziwa ufinyelelwe, ke ingane izokwazi:

- zazi imisindo ehlukene uhlanganise nabo;

- zvukoproiznosheniya ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokulungile nokungalungile;

- ukulawula inkulumo yabo;

- kulula ziyahlukahluka imisindo ekusakazeni inkulumo;

- ukubone ngokuthe ngqo kanye ukuhlukanisa umsindo ngenkulumo yakhe.

Prevention dyslalia

Uma abazali ungafuni Ngokuzayo ukubheka izinto ku "dyslalia izingane nezindlela ukukulungisa," khona-ke zidinga ukwazi kusengaphambili indlela ukuze uvikele ukwephula ezinjalo.

Ukuvimbela amafomu mechanical isifo uyoba ukuhlolwa njalo odokotela ezikhethekile ngubani uzokwazi ngesikhathi esifanele ukuthola kwezinso yokwakheka kwezitho zokukhuluma.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba azungeze ingane nabantu abalungile ukukhuluma. Abadala "ukufefeza" akufanele kube nengane, ngoba lakha bakhe indlela yokuxhumana. Ingane kumele ibe ezinye izibonelo ukulandela. Uma elinye ilungu lomkhaya inenkinga inkulumo, indima yakhe bekhulisa yenzalo akufanele ehola.