Yiziphi izindlela zokwethula izinkambiso zomthetho?

Izindlela zokuchazwa kwezimiso zomthetho yisigcawu esikhulu sesayensi esibizwa ngokuthi "inkolelo yomthetho". Ososayensi isikhathi eside bahlukanisa lezi zihloko kuye ngokuthi indlela yokwenza izihloko ezenziwe ngumthethosisekelo. Ukuze kuhlonishwe kahle ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwezomthetho, kubalulekile ukukhokha ngokukhethekile lesi sihloko.

Inkululeko kumthethosisekelo

Ukuze uqonde kangcono izindlela zokwethula izinkambiso zomthetho ezenzweni ezivamile, kubalulekile ukucabangela isakhiwo sangaphakathi. Futhi ungenzi nje kuphela engxenyeni ethile yalesi sihloko, kodwa kuzo zonke izigaba, izigaba nezindima.

Ayikho indlela enjalo yokwethula umthetho ongokomthetho ozokwenza ukuba ummeli wezomthetho akhiphe lesi sihloko ngendlela ecacile. Cha, akunjalo. Kodwa-ke, izazi zomthetho zisenqume ukuhlukaniswa okuthile, ngenxa yokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezihloko ezingahlukaniswa nolunye. Ukungabi nenqubo ecacile yokumemezela kubangelwa ukuthi ummeli wezomthetho ngokuyinhloko uzama ukudlulisela izakhamuzi incazelo yomthetho, hhayi ukuyibeka kunoma iyiphi indlela ecacile. Kule ndaba, izindlela ezehlukene zokwethulwa zifaka izigaba ezithile.

Ngendlela eqondile

Izindlela zokuveza imigomo yezomthetho ziyahlukahluka kuphela ngesakhiwo, kodwa nangomqondo wokuqukethwe. Uma kulesi sihloko esisodwa ubona izinto ezintathu: i-hypothesis, isimo nesimiso, khona-ke unendlela eqondile. Kuye, isenzo somthetho sichaza zonke izakhi zendabuko embuzweni, ukukhishwa okuqondile kunikezwa.

Emthethweni waseRashiya kunenqwaba yezibonelo ezibonisa indlela eqondile yokwethulwa. Isibonelo, uMthetho we-Federal "Ngokuqinisekiswa kwamalungelo okukhetha" ubonisa isihloko esivela kuzo izakhamuzi eziye zafinyelela kubantu abadala zingakhetha futhi zikhethwe. Lena indlela eqondile yokuveza isimiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko siqukethe esinye isimiso sokuziphatha, okuwukuthi abantu abavimbela ukusebenzisa leli lungelo bazolethwa emithwalweni ehlukahlukene.

Izinto ezijwayelekile

Izindlela zokwethula izinkambiso zomthetho zihlukaniswa, njengoba kucatshangwe ekuqaleni, kuye ngokuthi kukhona izinto ezikhona ngaphakathi. Esikhathini salesi sihloko esenhla, kungenzeka ukuchaza ngokucacile izakhi ezisemqoka zendabuko esemthethweni. Izimo ngaphansi kwalokhu umthetho osebenzayo yizakhamizi zaseRussia, kanye nokufinyelela kwabantu abadala. Kuphela kwezimo ezimbili ezingenhla ukuthi umthetho unamandla amakhulu futhi unikeze ithuba lokubamba iqhaza kokhetho. Izimo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-hypothesis.

Ukulawulwa okuqondile kokuziphatha, okuyinto evunyelwe noma evinjelwe yiyona evamile, kubizwa ngokuthi isimo. Esihlokweni esicatshangelwe, lesi sici yikhono lesakhamuzi sokuvota okhethweni.

Ngokuqondene nesimiso, lesi sici sinikeza imiphumela engaba yinto emibi futhi enhle. Uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwemithethonqubo yokuziphatha eqinisekisiwe, isijeziso sizolandelwa, futhi uma kwenzeka ukusebenza - isikhuthazo.

Ngakho, ngokujwayelekile, isakhiwo semithetho yomthetho sibonakala . Izindlela zokuveza izinkambiso zomthetho zithembele ekubeni khona noma ukungabikho kwezinto ezihlukile. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kanye nemigomo eqondile kukhona ukugqoka nokudluliselwa. Ngakho-ke, izakhi ezehlukene zendabuko angeke zibe kuphela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomthetho, kodwa nakweminye imibhalo evamile.

Ngendlela yokubhekisela

Ukungafani kwendlela yokubhekisela yokuveza imigomo yezomthetho ukuthi izingxenye zalesi sihloko zihlelwe esenzweni esisodwa sokulawula, kodwa ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene. Uma ingxenye eyodwa isesihlokweni esikhulu, khona-ke kufanele kube khona isibonakaliso sokuthi ukugcina kungatholakala kusihloko esithile salokhu ku-AB.

Indlela yokubhekisela yesibonelo

Izindlela zokwethula izinkambiso zomthetho zifanayo kokubili esifundazweni saseRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Isibonelo esicacile se-reference article siyisigaba sama-313 seFrance Criminal Code, esihlinzekela umthwalo owengeziwe wemisebenzi yokukhwabanisa. Lesi sihloko siqukethe isimo ngesimo sencazelo yezenzo ezihlinzekwe kwisigatshana 313, cit. 1, 2, 4, 6 yomqulu ofanayo olawulayo. Okulandelayo yisigwebo ngesimo sezinhlawulo ezengeziwe zokuphulwa.

Indlela yokubheka yokuveza isimiso singabonakala ngokucacile kuNgxenye 1 ka-Art. 227 we-Criminal Code ye-Russian Federation, okuthiwa "iPiracy". Esigabeni sokuqala, izici ezibalulekile zesenzo esicatshangelwayo zichazwe, okwesibili - isinqumo ngokuphindaphindiwe noma ukusebenzisa izikhali, okwesithathu - ukubhekisela koku-1 no-2 izingxenye zendabuko, okungeziwe ngokujeziswa ngobugebengu obubangele ukufa komuntu noma neminye imiphumela embi.

Ngokuphindaphindiwe emthethweni kazwelonke kunamacala lapho kubhekiswa khona isihloko esithile somqulu ovamile. Kulesi simo, ummeli wezombusazwe ukholelwa ukuthi umthetho we-law enkantolo uzokwazi ukuthola yindlela eqondakalayo eyisihloko esinikezela incazelo noma ekhombisa isigwebo.

Izihloko zihlukaniswe yi-3

Indlela yokugqoka yokuveza imigomo yezomthetho ukuhlukaniswa kwe-athikili zibe izingxenye eziningana, okuzobe zihlukaniswe zibe yimibhalo eminingi yokujwayelekile. Futhi, kulokhu, ummeli wezomthetho akahlali njalo ebeka imigomo ethile, lapho omunye umthetho wokuziphatha noma isinqumo "ulahlekile".

Njengesibonelo esicacile, ungakwazi ukulalela imithetho yokuphepha, imithetho ye-traffic kanye nama-GOST. Amadokhumenti okulawulwa kwendawo okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla anikezela umthwalo wokuphulwa kwanoma iyiphi into ngokuhambisana nomthetho osebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, umshayeli ophule imithetho yezimoto, noma ngabe yikuphi, uzojeziswa ngokuvumelana nezigwebo ezihlinzekwe eMthethweni Weziphambeko Zokuphatha noma i-Code Criminal ye-Russian Federation. Ngokuqondene nesimiso, imithetho yomgwaqo isenzo esivunyelwe ngokusemthethweni kanye nezomthetho. Mayelana nalokhu, umthetho wezomthetho ekubhekaneni necala kumele ubhekisele emibhalweni eminingana yomthetho.