Dzhakomo Kvarengi: Biography, umsebenzi

Ukudalwa ukubukeka eziyingqayizivele izihloko ezimbili isiRashiya, eMoscow Petersburg ngokukhethekile, zinomthelela kakhulu ukuba abakhi Lokudabuka Italy. Ukudala Dzhakomo Kvarengi - ikhasi elikhanyayo emlandweni bokwakha yaseYurophu futhi Russian of classicism. Ukwengeza, ekwakheni amaphrojekthi isikali ehlukene futhi injongo, phakathi kwabo incarnations abaningi ifa layo - amashidi graphic nge ukubukwa wangempela emadolobheni (phambili) no fancy izingoma yezakhiwo. Ngokusho kwakhe wafunda lo msebenzi ngoba izizukulwane abaklami.

South okwazalelwa

Sicabanga ngalokho yena umakhi kweqiniso Russian Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1744-1817) wazalelwa emndenini ilungu seNkantolo Yedolobha komuzi Northern Italy Bergamo. Ukuthambekela zobuciko kwaba lezinceku: Umkhulu noyise babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli abadwebi onekhono. On amkhethayo izakhiwo njengoba ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko ekuphileni okuye kwathinta ujwayele Vincenzo Brenna (1745-1820), wabe eseba umakhi enkantolo uPawulu mina, noJohane. B. Piranesi (1720-1778), inkosi enkulu ihluzo yezakhiwo.

izintandokazi kwesitayela Dzhakomo Kvarengi aba khona uma uphonsa sizohlangana indatshana adumile we-Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), "Four Books of Architecture". Kulesi umsebenzi bebelokhu izikimu ezikhonjwe oda bendabuko kusetshenziswa izakhiwo lasendulo futhi uhlelo besebenzisa amasu classical sokuhlelwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa izakhiwo olungaphambili lwesonto izixazululo. Palladianstva isikhathi eside kwaba sifundo eyinhloko isitayela classic.

Ukuba yingcweti ifa classical

Amasampula isifundo ugunyaza-steel systems Dzhakomo Kvarengi ezikhangayo emizini eminingi Italian - Rome, Florence, Verona, Venice. Kwakumelwe egcwele izikhumbuzo lasendulo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi babe nesiko langempela Yenguquko.

I Renaissance kwaba nesikhathi lapho izimiso lobumbano okusezingeni eliphezulu, ithuthukiswe neRoma lasendulo lasendulo, abangu wacosha nge izingcweti emikhakheni ehlukahlukene isiko European. Obmeryannye futhi sketched Dzhakomo Kvarengi eyakhelwe abaculi kakhulu isikhathi - Alberti, Bramante futhi, yebo, Palladio - steel kwabasha wezakhiwo isibonelo ukuthuthukiswa okudala ngamasiko asendulo bokwakha. Wabonisa isithakazelo izakhiwo owakha inkosi classicism ekuseni eNgilandi naseFrance.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala

I-oda yokuqala enkulu ngoba Quarenghi kwaba kabusha esontweni Santa Scholastica, elise edolobheni Subiaco, eduze enhlokodolobha Italy. Ingaphakathi ibandla; esebenzisa izakhi zakudala: niches, pilasters namakholomu ye-oda ionic. Ngekhono ukukhanyisa ihlelwe wasiza sifinyelele okuvelayo lula futhi okumangalisayo decor ekhaya.

Malula futsi austerity izisombululo ngobungcweti compositional baba belinganisa izici ngesandla sakhe. Lezi izindlela ezisetshenziswa emsebenzini umakhi Dzhakomo Kvarengi nalapho waqala imisebenzi yayo eRussia.

Ngesikhathi inkantolo uCatherine Omkhulu

Kusukela ekwindla ka 1779 iqala inkonzo eneminyaka engu-35 ubudala wezakhiwo Italian esigodlweni Russian. Wayenezinkomo eziningi ulwazi mayelana zamanje Palladian izakhiwo zakudala nelemuko elaneleko loku kokuzisebenzisa practice. Ukufika kwakhe yayifike ngesikhathi, ngoba izintandokazi ukunambitheka Russian Empress ngokumelene isitayela olusemthethweni washintsha.

It saphela ubambe isiko osindayo classicism isiFulentshi, ekahle baba elicwengiweyo Palladian neoclassical. Dzhakomo Kvarengi njengabafundi ethembekileyo umsekeli oqinile Palladio ngokushesha waba inhloko yalawa imisinga entsha yokucabanga yezakhiwo Russian. ithalente lakhe yaceba ngu ekutadisheni izibonelo best of izakhiwo zasendulo, futhi ukuxhumana neyaziwayo abaklami yasekhaya I. Starov, N. eLvov, Charles Cameron nabanye.

IsiZulu Palace at ePeterhof

Le phrojekthi yokuqala enkulu enhlabathini isiRashiya kwakuwulimi esigodlweni, etholakala epaki English ePeterhof. Dzhakomo Kvarengi waqala lo msebenzi ngo-1780. Ngokusho imibono yabo tebuciko wamapulani wase-Italy, kwabeka isisekelo sokuthethelelwa bekuhlela ne volumetric izixazululo Palladian endlini ifomu cubic nge evelele eziyisishiyagalombili ikholamu kuvulandi ye-oda laseKorinte. ngezabelo Esibalulekile futhi omkhulukazi ngokuhlanganiswa lula nangobuciko lokubhalela.
indlela Creative ezikulesi wezakhiwo indawo Giacomo Quarenghi wadala yona yokuhlala izwe e Tsarskoye Selo - amasonto amane nezakhiwo eziningi zenkolo - ngokugcwele kuvumelana Ukuthanda izinto zika ikhasimende main, uCatherine. Ukuze zaziwa kahle isihloko Italy "umklami inkantolo."

Inkathi yokuchuma nempumelelo

C umsebenzi Concert inkundla e Tsarskoye Selo, eduze Catherine Palace (1782), waqala eyishumi yimpumelelo kakhulu umakhi. Phakathi nale nkathi, edala amaphrojekthi abalulekile kakhulu Petersburg naseMoscow. Ngesiqondiso iNdlovukazi, ubizwa ekubuyekezeni Interiors we Winter Palace, ngokwakha izakhiwo eziningi emhlabeni yokuhlala imperial main. Dzhakomo Kvarengi, ogama biography manje kuhlobene eduze enhlokodolobha Russian, ukwakha eziningi izindawo ezichaza isithombe zombusazwe dolobha wonke umbuso. Phakathi kwabo - a eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo nezokuphatha Academy of Sciences (1783-1785) kanye isakhiwo we Assignation Bank (1783-1799). Uyazikhandla futhi phezu oda yangasese, zokuhlobisa inhlokodolobha nendawo esikuyo izibonelo ezinhle Russian Manor zakudala. Phakathi kwabo kukhona inxuluma Bezborodko ibhange kwesokudla iNeva (1783-1784), i-Yusupov inxuluma phezu Fontanka (1789-1792), indlu Vietinghoff (1786) kanye nabanye.

House Palace Embankment

A wobuciko ngempela lesi sikhathi - the Hermitage Theatre Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1783-1787). Kwathengwa isakhiwo esiyisitezi ezimbili storey nge Loggia rusticated, kancane lalihlehliswa phakathi projection ezimbili - kwelivi e olungaphambili lwesonto - luhlotshiswe aseKorinte ezinkulu, kwaba gem wangempela eziyinkimbinkimbi eyinhloko ezakhiweni zikahulumeni. Umlandeli ezithembekile Palladio, Quarenghi ekuklanyweni ehholo wazivumela cishe izwi nezwi ithopholoji izakhiwo uthisha omkhulu. In esigabeni bekuhlela ne izihlalo, ku Hermitage Theatre Decor izakhi efana Teatro Olimpico e Vicenza, elaklanywa Andrea Palladio.

Imiklamo eMoscow

Omunye izindawo enhle kakhulu ezakhiwa nge wezakhiwo Italy i throned - Gostiny Dvor ubudala. Dzhakomo Kvarengi waqala ukwakhiwa yayo 1789. Lesi sakhiwo ifinyelele kulesi sikhathi samanje noshintsho olukhulu enkambweni ushintsho nokubuyiselwa emva imililo eminingi. Kodwa Arcade khweza aseKorinte amakholomu kungenziwa kulinganiselwa obunobunye wokwakha uhlamvu classical.

Phakathi kwezakhiwo eMoscow - Golovin Sigodlo ekhatsi Lefortovo (1780) kanye Arcade ngithenga kuyi-Red Square (1786). Buildings ezindaweni eziyinhloko wedolobha kungukuthi walondoloza, futhi esinye isakhiwo - Hospice Sheremetyev ngesikhathi Sukharev Square (1803-1807) - namanje isikali umxhwele nokuzwana.

Kamuva ekuphileni futhi lokusungula

Zaklama futhi zakha izindawo Dzhakomo Kvarengi ezikhangayo Petersburg ezihlobene ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVIII - imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nezakhiwo zomphakathi. playpen Konnogvardeysky (1804-1807) kuyahluka ukubukeka grand, okuyinto buchazwa ngokuthi i eziyisishiyagalombili kuvulandi Roman Doric. esibhedlela Mariinsky ku Foundry (1803-1805) libhekene okunengqondo izixazululo bekuhlela ne lokubhalela elula. ingane Izintandokazi Kvarengi kamuva kwesikhathi baba lo Smolny Institute (1806-1808). Blend kahle imvelo ukuthi lesi sakhiwo kade baba owumthombo ebaluleke kakhulu imibono palladianstva. I imiva ukubukeka yezakhiwo ibangelwa inhlanganisela izindonga ezibushelelezi obuphelele focus plastically ocebile maphakathi kwengoma. Baba kuvulandi omkhulu phezu isizinda ngesimo i Arcade.

Giacomo Antonio Quarenghi wasebenza dolobha hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nangenxa yemizi yesifundazwe of the Empire, Russian. Akwaziwa nokwakhiwa zaseYurophu. Ukuxhumanisa ukhanda yabo nge Russia, kukuwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe wasala Patriot wakhe. Lapho, phakathi Bonaparte zonke amaNtaliyane ayeyalwe ukuba babuyele ezweni lenkaba yabo, Quarenghi wenqaba futhi ngagwetshwa engekho kwenkosi Italian ekufeni. I last iphrojekthi enkulu wezakhiwo omkhulu ubhekwa eKhothameni ngokubabazekayo Lokunqoba (1814) elalizokwakhiwa e Petersburg ngesikhathi ukubuya kwezinhloko zamaviyo enqobile Russian ngemva kokunqotshwa Napoleon.

Dzhakomo Kvarengi. i-curriculum vitae

• Septhemba 20, 1744 - e inyakatho ye-Italy, ezingomakhelwane Bergamo, emndenini umahluleli, wazalwa umakhi elilandelayo omkhulu futhi umculi ingcaca.
• Kusukela 1762 - yokudweba izifundo eRoma ngesikhathi R. Mengs, izakhiwo S. Pozzi, A. Derize, N. Dzhansomini.
• 1769 - ukuqala imisebenzi yezakhiwo, amaphrojekthi, izakhiwo zenkolo eduze eRoma and Lombardy.
• 1 Septhemba 1779 - Quarenghi izimpawu inkontileka nomeluleki ukuze Empress Russian iy Reyfenshteynom futhi ukuza emsebenzini eRussia.
• 1780-1817 - design nokuphathwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zikahulumeni kanye yokuhlala Petersburg, eMoscow, esifundazweni, emazweni aseYurophu.
• 1811 - wenqaba ukushiya inkonzo Russian ngemiyalo yezikhulu uhulumeni Bonapartist, wagwetshwa okuyiwona baze bafe ekuthathweni kwempahla.
• Mashi 2, 1817 - Dzhakomo Kvarengi wafa Petersburg. Okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingcwatshwe kwi-Alexander saseNevsky Monastery.