Sikhungo Museum. Pushkin. Exhibition of imidwebo Pushkin Museum

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 Petersburg Academy of Arts kunesithembiso emncintiswaneni elihlobene ne-design zokwakha Museum of Fine Arts. UMbusi u-Alexander III. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ukugcwaliseka iphupho yokudala enhloko-dolobha ye-art semfundo yalolu hlobo.

ukuvela

Nakuba eMoscow University kwaba iKhabhinethi oqukethe amagugu ethile lasendulo: iqoqo numismatic, isitsha sezimbali Antique, abumbe ngokuncibilikisa ka ukubaza lasendulo futhi omncane wezincwadi ekhethekile. Ngokwabo bonke lobu, futhi kukhona Museum. Ngo 1889-1890, uMnyango itholakala ekuqaleni we IV Tsvetaeva, kungokoqobo izinguquko ezithile. Utfutfukisa kwesigaba sculptural nomtapo wezincwadi. Usimende ukhonkolo, tinkhulumo, kukagesi ukuthola anencazelo ekhethekile. Kule ndaba, i-Fine Arts Museum uguqulwe ukuqeqeshwa semfundo futhi umphakathi, uhlelo olulodwa ucwaningo okuhlanganisa ukwazana eziyisisekelo kanye eminyaka yomlando.

Eyokuqala ukwakheka kwemisebenzi eziyingqayizivele inhlangano umdvwebo, imidwebo kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. VS Golischev, Russian usosayensi-orientalist, kwadingeka iqoqo esihle izinto esingavamile isiko baseGibhithe lasendulo. Kamuva ozuza isimo bese, sibonga ukuphikelela Tsvetaeva, sihamba uMuseum (1909-1911 GG.), Ubani iba zilingana nezinhlobo abanikazi lamanani ezivelele East lasendulo.

Ezinye Ongoti nabanikazi yezinto ahlukile aseke behlele kithi kusukela esikhathini esidlule, zinomthelela omkhulu ukusungulwa kanye ukunwetshwa isikhungo. M. S. Schekin, ohlakaniphile isiRashiya, Museum inikeza izinto yobuciko zokuhlobisa 13-15 eminyaka. nokudweba Italian isebenza. Excellent ebaziwe Italian kwekhulu lesikhombisa zanikwa Grand Duchess Elizavetoy Fedorovnoy no D. A. Homyakovym, eyise kwakungumuntu Slavophile abadumile. Isazi-AA Bobrinsky ezinikelwe zezibani, amawashi, nezinye izibonelo French art ekusakazeni. Umshana Golenishcheva ethulwa iqoqo ihluzo elidala amakhosi Russian nabaseYurophu.

Ukuqalisa

Ukuvulwa kwe-Museum of Fine Arts kwaba ngokusemthethweni usuku lokugcina ngoMeyi 1912. izivakashi Honorary yalowo mkhosi kwaba uNicholas II no-Empress Maria Fedorovna. Umqondisi lokuqala, owaqondisa Museum kusuka 1911 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, wamiswa IV Tsvetaev. Le nhlangano ngokushesha kwakuqala ukwanda phakathi kwabo. khona kwakhe laliphezulu kakhulu: kufika abantu abangu-800 e- zeviki, 2500 - ngamaholide nangezimpelasonto. Kwenqwaba izivakashi lalinabashumayeli kothisha nabafundi ezikoleni okusezingeni eliphezulu, Izifundo Ephakeme yabesifazane, Wabantu University. A. L. Shanyavskogo, eMoscow Archaeological Institute. Museum ifa akophulwanga abaculi kanye nabamele abefundisi. Abafundi beze lapha esikoleni, futhi kulabo abafuna ukufunda usiko isikhathi lapho ziqondiswa izinkambo.

kuzo

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana (kuze 1930) kukhona ukudluliselwa art Western Europe uvela emafeni uhulumeni eMoscow iminyuziyamu ehlukahlukene (ubuciko iconography Ostroukhova, ezibiyele zomlando kanye nezikhungo) kusukela Tretyakov Igalari. imidwebo eziningana wethule Hermitage, bese wabelana iqoqo lakho Leningrad Isikhwama. Songa maphakathi igalari kwaba umsebenzi ezindala Western. iqoqo sidilizwa Oriental equkethwe izinkulungwane ngaphezulu nezibhebhe ze-cuneiform nezinye izikhumbuzo ayizinkulungwane ezintathu sikhathi.

izinguquko

Ngo-1932, lesi sikhungo iqanjwe kabusha wamnika igama State Museum of Fine Arts, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yena yanikezelwa igama A. S. Pushkina. Phakathi nempi nabahlala German enkulu kuyingxenye ukuqoqwa sahlanganiswa Novosibirsk futhi Solikamsk. Lesi sakhiwo uqobo uye wahlupheka ngamabhomu futhi amabhomu. Ngo-1944, i-Pushkin Museum waqala ukuba alulame.

ukuthuthukiswa

Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 ivale State Museum of okusha Western Art (GMNZI). Kule ndaba, iqoqo lakhe lihlukaniswe phakathi eMoscow naseLeningrad USB. Pushkin Museum agcwaliswa ebabazekayo (mayelana 300) kanye eziqoshiwe (angaphezu kuka-80) imisebenzi amakhosi 19-20 leminyaka, eMpumalanga nasemazweni aseMelika. Yena ahlanganiswe iqoqo ihluzo yomlando. French imisebenzi Post-Impressionist wahlanganisa embukisweni entsha. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe. Pushkin ngiwafaka ngesikhathi abathelisi dolobha. Kwakumelwe Ivan Morozov futhi S. I. Schukin. Ngenxa yalesi entry Pushkin Museum iba umnikazi we yobuciko, ezidumile emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze uquqaba ezibanzi iqoqo iyatholakala kusukela ngo-1953, lapho ezinye imisebenzi idluliselwe esigabeni amalungu agcwele oMkhandlu kwebuciko embukisweni. Iminyaka engu-20 kwakukhona izinguquko isakhiwo sonke embukisweni, bese abantu ngokugcwele bakwazi ukujabulela imisebenzi umdwebo bese ebaziwe kusuka lomhlangano odlule.

Esigabeni esilandelayo

Iminyaka 4 (1949-1953.) Ingabe ethulwa embukisweni ekhethekile. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe. Pushkin yabonisa iqoqo izipho uStalin. Kodwa-ke, alungisa embukisweni unomphela livuliwe, ikhula ngesivinini. Izindonga isakhiwo wathatha ezingaphezu kuka 1200 imibukiso, ukubonisa imisebenzi isikhungo kanye lathathwa amaqoqo ezifuywayo angaphandle. 1955 waba ingqophamlando empilweni yamasiko dolobha. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbukiso eziyingqayizivele imidwebo Pushkin Museum. Lesakhiwo ubonisa yobuciko we Dresden Igalari. Kunesikhathi lapho wasinda ekubhujisweni ngoba amasosha aseSoviet. Kamuva ukuqoqwa kwabuyiselwa ezindongeni isikhungo beqondiswa elibukhali P. D. Korina. Waqale idluliselwe kuleyo nsimu Russia ngesikhathi embukisweni impi art. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe. Pushkin igcinwe le ngcebo. Lokhu kwenziwa sibonga kunokwenzeka yenkuthalo Amahhovisi abasebenzi.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe yisakhiwo sodumo. Pushkin. nemibukiso

Modern Pushkin Museum siqukethe izinhlobo ezine ukuchayeka:

1. Umfanekiso inhlanganisela yezakhiwo ephonsa. Basuke ngandlela-thile modified esigabeni inyuvesi, okuyinto basinda Pushkin Museum (eMoscow). Lo mbukiso kuhlanganisa izithombe ze eMpumalanga Eseduze, Ephakathi, i-izikhumbuzo Italian futhi Northern Renaissance.
2. Isigaba yobuciko namasiko impucuko yasendulo yokuqala. Kufakwe izinto ekumbeni eyenziwa ngabasebenzi lesikhungo.
3. Art Gallery 8-20 leminyaka. Umelelwa ngemisebenzi ezindala European, imifanekiso WaseByzantium yamatshe lasendulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ungabona imisebenzi wesimanje ngabaculi bomhlaba wonke kanye Okugweda. Ngokukhethekile eyakhelwe lokhu embukisweni. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe. Pushkin iphrezenthe setfulo yakhelwe ukukhombisa shift nangenkathi wonke kanye izitayela ezikoleni ezahlukene.
4. UMnyango amaqoqo siqu eqoqwe izinto ezihlukahlukene kanye ubuqotho kwemvelo kanye ne qikelela ukuthi nobunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo ngalendoda ngayinye.

yesimanjemanje

Namuhla, esakhiweni kudinga Pushkin Museum, iyinombolo omkhulu (670 000) usebenza ka ebaziwe nokudweba, ubuciko kanye yezandla, imisebenzi yobuciko ingcaca, Numismatics nemivubukulo, ubuciko izithombe. Amelwe isikhungo futhi embukisweni wesandla. Pushkin Museum ophethe ubufakazi obubhalwe eziphathelene umlando, isayensi kanye namagugu epistolary umsunguli walo nabanye abantu zamasiko yokudala. Ngenxa siqu ucwaningo kanye nokubuyiselwa workshop zayo we Pushkin Museum liyakwazi ukulungisa imisebenzi obonakele yobuciko. Angaba yokuziqhenya ngayo umtapo esikhethekile lokucwaninga, njengoba omunye the best enhlokodolobha. Kusukela ngo-1991, i-Museum unendima ku-Register State lezinto okuyigugu ngokukhethekile amagugu amasiko abantu yeRussia.