Uyini Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic?

Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - kuba republic sezenhlalo, ukuzimela of abalimi kanye nokungaba yisibalo esingamaphesenti ayishumi ekhulwini XX ngaphakathi endaweni ye-USSR. Isifunda kabili kwamsiza ukuba abe nalokhu isimo, ngenxa ukulandelana kwezenzakalo lempi, ukuguqulwa zezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle.

izici zenhlalo-mnotho kanye indawo

Karelian ASSR - endaweni ntshonalanga okuyingxenye European wase-USSR. Entshonalanga ke elisemngceleni nge Finland, ngasempumalanga wamaBhunu Sea, eningizimu - Ladoga futhi Lake Onega. Impumuzo kuyinto inamagquma enokulandelela elikhethiwe ngemiphumela isenzo yeqhwa. I izidubedube ziye esakazwa zokwakha (zemabula, egwadle, dolomite, njll), Nsimbi, mica. Ngu amazinga esifundeni elaseSoviet Union kubhekwe kunalokho emuva ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho kusukela insimu yalo kwakungelona izindawo elikhulu lezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizwe titular weRiphabhulikhi, le Finno-Ugric abantu (Veps, Karelians, Finns) empeleni zakha ingxenye ezincane sabantu (30%).

Republic sokuthula

Imithombo futhi historiography kungenzeka ukudideka abanye: i Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, noma? Ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi inketho ilungelo, kufanele uqonde kugucuka yochungechunge. Phakathi Yombango le Karelian Labor isigodi lahlelwa eRussia. Ngokokuqala ngqá njengenhlangano iyunithi zokuphatha kanye indawo ye-USSR ke lalenziwa Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Isisekelo lesi iyisinqumo Central Executive Committee, ngemvume Julayi 25, 1923 Ngemva kwemukelwa entsha uMthethosisekelo wase-USSR Disemba 5, 1936, igama lashintshwa laba Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Juni 17, 1937 elingenamikhono yokuqala izingalo weRiphabhulikhi lwaqala, ke kwadingeka umbhalo oqoshwe ngezilimi ezintathu: Russian, Karelian futhi Finnish. Nokho, ngo-December 29, 1937 sivunyiwe version yayo kushintshiwe ngaphandle isiqubulo lokugcina. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukuqala esifundeni yokucindezelwa ngokumelene labantu Finnish.

Izindikimba ezilawulayo republic

Kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile kwaba ukusungulwa the party futhi uhulumeni neziphathimandla, njengoba indawo, okuyinto eyaba yingxenye RSFSR. Karelian ASSR wayenikezwa isimo ezimele iyunithi zokuphatha-indawo, ngakho inhloko amandla esiphezulu kwaba oPhethe Yabantu Commissars, futhi ama-apharathasi party iye bagxila kule Republican Party isitho emaphakathi leKomiti Central we CPSU (b) (endaweni ethile inkathi - CC CP (b)).

Ngo ngemva kwempi imishini Sovnarkoma kwathathelwa indawo Ministry, kuhlanganise emkhakheni. Uguquko wathinta republic ngamunye, ukuzimela lapho wawuyingxenye USSR. Ama-ejensi Central kwendawo isifundo eliholwa UNgqongqoshe Karelian ASSR.

imisebenzi yezempi kuleli lizwe

Indawo kuncike ngokuphindaphindiwe baba yisikhubekiso ekufezeni izithakazelo emazweni angomakhelwane. Ngakho, ekwindla ka-1939, lapho iMpi Yezwe II yaqala, udaba sokuphepha kweLeningrad nasezindaweni ezizungezile uye waqinisa kakhulu. Ngezinye ibanga-25 km esivela emzini eSoviet isimo umngcele nge Finland. Nge ayehlasela oqondile insimu ka-European ibutho amabutho ezweni omunye izizwe ezilwayo yeYurophu baba amabhomu ngempela umlilo oqondile. Wayengase bakuhlukanise kuya Navy Soviet, elise Kronstadt, ngokudubula izibhamu, esisogwini umngcele ayikwazanga ukuhlasela kahle ezindaweni yezimboni Leningrad. Ukuvimbela Esimeni esinjalo, ubuholi zaseSoviet Okthoba 1939, ukubeka phambili eziningi iziphakamiso eFinland, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona exchange of izindawo. Ikakhulukazi kusukela isimo engumakhelwane kwakudingeka ukunikeza uhhafu we Karelian Isthmus naseziqhingini eziningana eGulf of Finland. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, iSoviet Union yibhange ukuthela Karelia, endaweni eyayiqhele kabili. Finland akazange ukwamukela leyo migomo, futhi ezingxoxweni eziphakathi uthi zifinyelele kwangqingetshe.

izinguquko indawo

Novemba 30, 1939, eqaphela ngokugcwele ithemba ngalesi simo, iSoviet Union iqala impi Soviet-Finnish, ephinde waziwa ngokuthi Impi Winter. Ngo-December 1 liye esisayinwe lokuqala "iSivumelwano Ubungane futhi Usizo Mutual phakathi eU.SSR futhi Finnish Democratic Republic." Esihlelelwe imingcele entsha ukukhiqiza ukwakhiwa nezivikelo umngcele. Ngakho-ke, imigomo yenkontileka kwaba ukuqashelwa nengxenye Finnish Karelia indawo. Ukuphela neMpi Winter ngo-March 1940, lapho eMoscow Soviet, amaqembu alwayo dweba thula vumelwane. ESoviet Union kwaba anawo nhlonhlo of Hanko enkanjini futhi endaweni sizeable ningizimu-ntshonalanga yale nhlonhlo, ezazihlanganisa Kexholm, Sortavala, Vyborg, Suojärvi polar esempumalanga esifunda kanye nasemizaneni Alakurtti Kuolajärvi ngesikhathi.

nambili Republic

Kusukela ngo-April 1940, Karelian ASSR lalenziwa Karelian-Finnish SSR. Ukuvumelana nemigomo ye eMoscow Ukuthula iSivumelwano ukubunjwa yayo endaweni enkulu e-Finland kwahlanganiswa.

ukuguqulwa Administrative-indawo anda isimo isimo futhi zomthetho wezwe futhi lanwetshwa amalungelo omphakathi, intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho kanye namasiko. Ngemva kokuguquka, ukuzimela Karelian ku-Lithuanian SSR-July 8, 1940 ijazi elisha izingalo yasungulwa.

Karelian-Finnish SSR yaba yizwe ka yabambana ngezihluthu impi iSoviet Union neJalimane lobuNazi. Ngo-1941, ingxenye enkulu yezwe wayematasa futhi yakhululwa kuphela ehlobo lika-1944.

City amaphuzu Karelian ASSR

Small by endaweni kwaba Karelian ASSR. Emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni akulo zisezincane ngesibalo futhi babe Finnish, Karelian igama. Isikhungo zokuphatha weRiphabhulikhi iyona Petrozavodsk. Wayengumuntu kakade ngaleso sikhathi yayingumuzi omkhulu kunayo yonke. Isimo se- sokuqondisa Petrozavodsk manje. Umuzi kwakuwukuthi republic of Sortavala yesibili kwakunguDodayi. Karelian ASSR kwadingeka mayelana emadolobheni kweshumi kwakuwukuthi lesifunda. It Belomorsk, Kem, Kondopoga, Lahdenpohja Medvezhegorsk, Olonets, Pitkäranta Pudozh, Segezha, Suojärvi.

Ngokusho umthetho republic zamadolobha akhawunti kwakuyinto evamile. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of esifundeni emuva kancane kancane yashintshwa yaba indawo othuthuke kangcono, kungani obakhathalelayo izakhamizi, abafuna ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila, wayengekho indawo yokugcina.

Yokutakula isimo

Ukufa I. V Stalina ngo-1953 futhi nezenzakalo ezalandela ubunjalo zezombusazwe, izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, kwamasiko yokungakholelwa abathintwa yilesi senzakalo ngokuqondile isiphetho izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje, futhi yonke indawo. Isikhundla Karelian-Finnish Republic ngaphakathi eU.SSR kwaphinde ebuyekeziwe. Ngokusho Isinqumo of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ke waphindiselwa isimo babekwazi ukuthatha Juni 16, 1956 savuseleleka ingxenye RSFSR, kodwa walahlekelwa isihloko igama elithi "Finnish".

Uma le ndaba kwaba ihlelwe kabusha, kube nephutha ihlaya: "... republic uyekwa, ngoba kutholakala Finns ezimbili - fininspektora futhi Finkelstein."

Uphawu kabusha indawo ezizimele baba ifulegi isimo RSFSR, okuyinto wayebhekane kwakunemibhalo eqoshiwe ezengeziwe ngesiRashiya bese Finnish.

Mayelana ngokuningiliziwe ukuguquka kwabantu Lithuanian SSR ku ukuzimela Agasti 20, 1956, nezinguquko ezincane kwaba kabusha wangaphambili Republic elingenamikhono izingalo. Abanye abacwaningi oyikholelwayo ukuthi lo mcimbi kunqunywe isiphetho indawo yezinye amashumi amaningi eminyaka ezayo. Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic yayikhona kuze 1991. Ngombandela, le ndawo ingase iphenduke geqe ahlukene, kodwa nokuthola le RSFSR isizathu ukuthi - wokuphatha-indawo iyunithi, isihloko Russia lanamuhla, esesikhundleni isimo Republic, ebizwa Karelia. Inhloko-dolobha yaso namanje emzini Petrozavodsk.