Emazinga emfundvo isimo Federal. Uphiko yase standard isimo sezemfundo

amazinga isimo Federal emfundo iqoqo nezindinganiso ezithile zemfundo. Ziyakwazi kuphoqelekile zemfundo izikhungo ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho hlaziya kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini edingekayo amazinga isimo sikahulumeni zemfundo.

Uhlolojikelele

Izidingo ze-Federal isimo ejwayelekile zemfundo osebenza cishe zonke imisebenzi zokufundisa eRussia. Kuze 2009, imithetho idatha isicelo igama ukuhluka. It bebungekho igama elithi "federal". amazinga State zemfundo zisebenza ezikhungweni nge isimo sokugunyazwa. Kuze 2000, izikole kwadingeka ukuba athobele ubuncane ezingeni okuqukethwe ukuqeqeshwa abaphothule ezingeni ngalinye kanye lunye.

Imininingwane zomlando

1 I federal amazinga isimo sezemfundo zenziwa 1992. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kunyatheliswa soMthetho efanele. Isigaba 7 enikelwe ngokuphelele GEF. Federal State Sikhungo ezijwayelekile inguqulo yasekuqaleni wamukelwa uMkhandlu Ophakeme. Mayelana ukwamukelwa kuleli lungiselelo waqedwa ngo-1993, uMthethosisekelo ngonyaka. Ukugunyaza ukunqunywa isimo federal ejwayelekile zemfundo wayiswa izidumbu esiphezulu. Uhulumeni waseRussia isinqume inqubo, owawuthi lezi ziqondiso kwakumelwe sithathwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Supreme Council for yonke inkathi ukufaneleka nokwamukela izindinganiso nokunye bengakwamukelanga. Ngokusho Edward Dneprova, okusalungiswa ukuchitshiyelwa komthetho ngokuyisisekelo baliphonsa emuva - eceleni Unitarianism e pedagogy. Benicwasa into efana "ingxenye kazwelonke-zesifunda. Lokhu kuthambekela usukela ikakhulu lwezifundo, evunyiwe 1993. Ngu 1996 th izilinganiso imfundo liye landa kakhulu. Lokhu kuye kwabangela ukumelana abanye phezu ingxenye yomphakathi nokufundisa. Intukuthelo ubuhlakani uzwakalise ngaleso sikhathi ngesimo iziteleka kanye nemibhikisho.

Uhlelo lokuqala

Ngo-1992, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, umthetho okusalungiswa yasungulwa. Uphiko yase standard isimo sezemfundo ngokuhambisana ifake yizakhi ezinhlanu:

• Lokufuduka ekilasini umthwalo (ovumelekile esiphezulu).
• Izimfuneko okuqukethwe eziyisisekelo zemfundo ephansi.
• Ukutholakala yezinhloso yemfundo esigabeni ngasinye sokufunda.
• Izidingo ezingeni ukuqeqeshwa kwezingane kokuphothula amazinga ehlukene esikoleni.
• Imithetho ngemibandela yenqubo yokufunda.

Ngaphansi kwethonya Abasekeli indlela isihloko-methodical lolu hlobo usebhekene ukusonteka amasekela bekomiti inyunyana woMkhandlu Ephakeme. Ngenxa yalokho izindinganiso federal zemfundo isimo ingxenye ke lancipha ifomu 3-ingxenye:

• okuqukethwe okuphoqelekile ubuncane zezifundo ajwayele ukusetshenziswa.
• Umkhawulo umthwalo ovumelekile abafundi.
• Okufuneka ukulungiswa ezingeni iziqu (kuleli cala okusho ukuthi kahle bese sivala ama esikoleni sabaqalayo).

Ngenxa yalokho kwe-athikili. 7, amaphuzu alandelayo sekususiwe:

• Uphiko target.
• Izimfuneko okuqukethwe inkomba asetshenziswa izinhlelo ezinkulu ukuqeqeshwa kwathathelwa indawo nge "ubuncane saziso" - uhlu ejwayelekile yesihloko izihloko.
• Umqondo umkhawulo umthwalo umthamo, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, akulingani esiphezulu.
• Izidingo kwizimo inqubo yemfundo.

kwezinkambiso IN

Federal isimo ejwayelekile zemfundo imfundo ephakeme liyadingeka ukusebenzisa cishe wonke amanyuvesi we Russian Federation. Lezi zihlanganisa labo abase bethole isimo sokugunyazwa. Ngokusho zoMthetho Federal "Ngo MSU. Lomonosov eMoscow State University and St Petersburg State University" futhi zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ezemfundo", eMoscow Petersburg emanyuvesi nasemakolishi kanye isigaba "federal" noma "ucwaningo kazwelonke" nezinye izikhungo zemfundo, okuyinto uhlu evunywe Isinqumo uMongameli kuthiwa ilungelo ukuthuthukisa kanye nokwamukela izindinganiso zabo zokufundisa kuto tonkhe tigaba tekuhlanganyela BO. Lokhu kumisa amazinga akukwazi aphansi kunalena ekhona.

imigomo

amazinga isimo Federal zemfundo zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa:

• Ubunye isikhala Russian Pedagogical.
• Le nqubekela phambili lwezifundo esiyinhloko sakho konke imikhakha yemfundo.
• imfundo ngokomoya nangokuziphatha, futhi nentuthuko.

Federal State Sikhungo Standard usetha isikhathi ndima ukuqeqeshwa jikelele kanye sokufundela ngokuhambisana mafomu ezahlukahlukene zezindlela Pedagogical kanye nobuchwepheshe, kanye nezici nezigaba ezithile abafundi.

imisebenzi

Kususelwa amazinga, okubandakanya Federal State Sikhungo Standard, inikeza:

• Inhlangano inqubo yemfundo ezikhungweni ukuthi lelisu lobuchwepheshe eziyisisekelo ngokuhambisana nemithetho, kungakhathaliseki kwakuwukuthi yabo futhi ifomu yenhlangano-zomthetho.
• Ukuhlela izinhlelo pre-eziyisisekelo ukuqeqeshwa.
• Kutfutfukiswa izifundo zemfundo, izincwadi izifundo, kanye nokuqapha wokulinganisa into.
• Ukuhlela iziqondiso imisebenzi ukusekela ngokwezimali wokufundisa izikhungo zemfundo. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, yilawo afeze ukuqaliswa kwe-federal amazinga isimo sezemfundo.
• NeKwakha kuhambisana zoMthetho lokugada.
• Kuphethe isitifiketi Lesisemkhatsini sokugcina.
• uhlelo Ukwakhiwa lokuqapha sangaphakathi ikhwalithi yefundo e wezemfundo.
• Inhlangano womsebenzi amaqembu nokufundisa.
• Certification yothisha nabasebenzi ukuphathwa simiso izikhungo kamasipala kanye nesimo semfundo.
• Inhlangano ukuqeqeshwa kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho, kanye ukuqeqeshwa kwezinga eliphakeme.

isakhiwo

Ngokuhambisana uMthetho Federal of December 1, 2007, izinga ngalinye kuhlanganisa ezintathu izinhlobo izidingo:

• Ngu imiphumela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo eziyisisekelo izifundo zokuqeqeshwa.
• Imibandela ezidlula phansi okuyinto ukugcwaliseka lwezifundo core, kubandakanya ezezimali, abasebenzi, Logistics nokunye.
• Ngu isakhiwo lwezifundo eziyisisekelo.

Ngenxa yalokho, vơ lekufanele umfundi professional kanye jikelele zamakhono kwamasiko.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga enqubeni yokufunda

Ukuqaliswa ngamunye Federal semfundo esezingeni kumele kwenziwe ohlelweni eziyisisekelo zemfundo (OOP). Lihlanganisa schedule, lwezifundo, ukusebenza schema lezinto, izifundo, izifundo kanye nezinye izakhi, kanye nokufundisa nokuhlola izinto.

Ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ngokohlelo lwezikhathi

Federal State Sikhungo ezijwayelekile 2004 kuyinto nezindinganiso lokuqala isizukulwane for jikelele imfundo esiteji. Ngemva kwalokho, lizinga ngalinye yenqubo zemfundo evunyiwe nemigomo yawo. (. Amaseli 1 kuya 4) Ngakho-ke, imfundo yamabanga aphansi athathwa ngo-2009 phansi (5-9 cl.) - ngo-2010. Federal State Sikhungo Standard maphakathi no-level (amamaki 10-11) sivunyiwe ngo 2012. amazinga ukuqeqeshwa professional izinyathelo isizukulwane sokuqala athathwa ngo-2000. Amazinga isizukulwane 2nd babegxile ukuthola abafundi amakhono, amakhono kanye nolwazi. Babethi kusukela ngo-2005. amazinga oyisizukulwane sesithathu yokutholwa kusukela 2009. Ngokusho kwabo, abafundi imfundo ephakeme, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ukuthuthukisa amakhono athile namasiko jikelele.

nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ukuqeqeshwa

Kuze 2000, isimo esetshenziswa indinganiso eyodwa imfundo professional ephakeme. Kwakuthinta efike noHulumeni Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu-1994. Le ndinganiso kunqunywa:

• Isakhiwo imfundo professional ephakeme kanye Ukwakheka kwemibhalo yayo.
• iziqondiso jikelele umfundi umsebenzi futhi umthamo yayo.
• Imithetho eziyisisekelo kwakhiwa uhlu amakhono (izinkomba).
• Izimfuneko izinhlelo eziyisisekelo wokufundisa ephakeme imfundo professional, kanye nemibandela sabo.
• Tinchubo ukuhlela nokuvunywa izindinganiso ezingeni futhi okuqukethwe ubuncane ukuqeqeshwa iziqu ngokuhambisana amakhono athile (izinkomba).
• Imithetho lokulawula ukuhambisana nezidingo namazinga isimo education amakhono ngaphezulu.

Ngo okukhethekile ngamunye (mkhakha wocwaningo), eyamukelwa izidingo State okuqukethwe okungenani kanye nezinga ukulungiselela abafundi.

isizukulwane esisha amazinga

Njengoba 2013th, ngokuhambisana nomthetho obusa imisebenzi ezemfundo Russian Federation, esenziwa ngo-2012, kufanele kugunyazwe amazinga kulesi sikhathi samanje. Leli lungiselelo osebenza ku uhlelo lwezifundo lwemfundo ephakeme. Kahle kahle, lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ukulungiswa izisebenzi zesayensi kanye Pedagogical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Federal State Sikhungo Standard zasenkulisa ezingeni.

Ukuthuthukiswa izindinganiso

Kungaba kwenziwe ngokuhambisana namazinga ubuchwepheshe izigaba, ukulungiselela izinkomba amakhono. Amazinga imisebenzi ekufundiseni zingatholakala indawo emisha okungenani kanye njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi. amazinga Federal zokufundisa ukunakekelwa jikelele athuthukile ngokuhambisana amazinga inqubo yemfundo, professional - by umsebenzi (izinkomba). Ngo ukwakheka yokugcina uyakucabangela Izinhlinzeko ezifanele. Ukuthuthukiswa izindinganiso federal zemfundo Kwenziwa ikhumbula eside futhi izithakazelo ophuthumayo umphakathi, ngamunye kanye nasezweni lonke, ezokuvikela yayo. Uma lokhu kubhekelwe kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukisa isayensi, isiko, ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-engineering, ezenhlalakahle kanye nokubhekelela ingqalasizinda yomnotho. ukuthuthukiswa GEF wenziwa ngendlela ebekwe nomthetho ofanele of the Russian Federation. Ikakhulukazi, umsebenzi wenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko elawula ukuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi kanye namasevisi izidingo zikamasipala noma isimo. Amazinga imfundo professional ephakeme ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane zemfundo-methodical emanyuvesi ezindaweni ezithile (amakhono). Kwenta tinhlaka ethunyelwe eMnyango Wezemfundo Nesayensi WaseRussia. Kubeka kubo kwi olusemthethweni Iwebhusayithi ngenjongo yokuqhubeka nengxoxo. It is ubuhanjelwe abameleli olufanele esiphezulu emizimbeni, imiphakathi zesayensi kanye ezemfundo, isimo kanye namaqembu omphakathi ezisebenza uhlelo lwezemfundo kanye nezinye izinhlangano. amaphrojekthi Eminye ibhekane kokuhlaziywa ezimele.

luhlolo

amazinga Valuation okusalungiswa wenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ngemuva kokuthola. Ukuhlola lwenziwa:

• Institutions lokubandakanya umphakathi ekuphathweni imfundo, izidumbu esiphezulu ezindaweni yeRussia. Zifeza ukuhlolwa amazinga okusalungiswa abaphathi jikelele.
• izinhlangano zabaqashi kanye nezinhlangano, okuyinto bafeze imisebenzi yabo kule mikhakha yezomnotho efanele. Letakhi uhlolwa amaphrojekthi ku izindinganiso ephakeme, secondary eyinhloko education amakhono.
• UMnyango Wezokuvikela kanye neminye imigwamanda eliphezulu, okuyinto inkonzo yezempi kuhlinzekelwe ngumthetho. Bona kwenziwe namazinga neluhlolo jikelele egcwele, secondary education amakhono endaweni ohlupha ukulungiswa izakhamuzi ukuhlala ibutho.

Ngokuhambisana imiphumela ezimele ukuhlolwa isiphetho uyalingana. It elithunyelwa emuva eMnyango Wezemfundo kanye nesayensi. umbono Isazi zasayindwa yinhloko isikhungo i Evaluator, noma umuntu ogunyazwe ukwenza kanjalo. Zonke amaphrojekthi, okubonwayo kanye imiphumela yokuhlaziya kuxoxwa yiBhodi Ministry. Wanquma batusa kubo noma isitatimende noma zokubuyekeza. Projects kanye nezinye izinto zinganqatshelwa. Ngemva kwalokho, Ministry of Science kanye Nemfundo kuthatha isinqumo ayo mayelana nanoma iyiphi enye indinganiso. Ushintsho noma ukulungisa senziwe ngendlela efanayo, eqinisweni, kakhulu kwemukelwa iziqondiso.

Ekuphetheni

Entsha Federal State Sikhungo emgomeni 2014 Waqala ukusebenza ngosuku lokuqala luka-January. Inqubo ukwemukelwa izindinganiso ngokuvamile ngoMthetho Imithetho yentuthuko kanye nokwamukelwa. Nazo ngokufanayo, kuthathwe ezingeni RF kaHulumeni. Nemithetho emisha ukusebenzisa namuhla futhi imfundo zasenkulisa. Basuke okusekelwe ezimisweni ezithile ezingukhiye nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Ngakho, Federal State Sikhungo ezijwayelekile 2014 kuhloswe:

• Ukusekela ukwehluka, kulondolozwe ukubaluleka kanye ubunjalo sobuntwana omunye izigaba ebaluleke kakhulu ekutfutfukiseni bantfu.
• Neyobuntu, ubuhlobo umfundi-socwaningo omdala (umzali namtjhana umjameli wezomthetho, kothisha noma umsebenzi wesikhungo) kanye nengane.
• Ukugcwaliseka uhlelo isimo ifomu efanelekayo izingane ezineminyaka engu-iqembu ngalinye ethize, ngokuyinhloko ngesimo imidlalo, ucwaningo kanye nomsebenzi engqondweni yethu, umsebenzi wokudala nokunye., Ukunikeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuciko futhi ngenxa yobuhle.
• Ukukhuthaza inhlonipho ingane.

Okuphokophelwe yi-amazinga kahulumeni zimi kanje:

• Ukwenza ngcono isimo social imfundo pre-school kanye nendlela abakhule ngayo.
• Ukuqinisekisa namathuba alinganayo bonke izingane imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu.
• Ukulondoloza ubunye isikhala Russian Pedagogical kule ndawo.
• Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza iziqinisekiso isimo ikhwalithi kanye izinga lemfundo pre-school ngesisekelo ubuqotho izidingo zomthetho zokulawula imigomo lwezifundo ukuqaliswa, isakhiwo sabo, kanye imiphumela yentuthuko yabo.

New Federal sebhithi kuhloswe ukuxazulula imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Yokukhuthaza nokuvikela zempilo engokwengqondo nengokomzimba wengane, nengokomzwelo yakhe.
• Ukuqinisekisa amathuba alinganayo okukhula nokuthuthuka ezanele esikhathini zasenkulisa, kungakhathaliseki ubulili, indawo yokuhlala, ulimi, isizwe, Soc. isimo, psycho-bokuphila kanye nezinye izici (khona abakhubazekile ngokukhethekile).
• Ukuhlanganisa lwemfundo noqeqesho abe inqubo olulodwa, inqubo yenziwa ngesisekelo amagugu usikompilo nenhlalo, zokuziphatha nezingokomoya, imithetho wamukela kanye nemithetho yokuziphatha emphakathini.
• Ukudala isimo esikahle ukuthuthukiswa wengane ngokuhambisana yobudala bakhe nokuthambekela komuntu ngamunye kanye namakhono.
• Nikeza ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo futhi Pedagogical yomndeni, kanye ukuqwashisa abazali noma abameleli zomthetho emkhakheni impilakahle, ukuvikeleka kanye nemfundo yezingane.