KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

EMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia. Umuzi Ekude yeRussia (uhlu)

Insimu Ekude yeRussia - endaweni ezindawo ukuthi kuhlanganisa endaweni ezilwandle yemifula ukuthi iyangena elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Futhi zihlanganisa Kuril, Shantarsky noMyali Islands, Sakhalin Island Wrangel. Eminye imininingwane uzobe kuchazwe kule ngxenye Russian Federation, kanye emadolobheni athile Ekude yeRussia (uhlu kwekulu uzonikezwa embhalweni).

labantu

Insimu Ekude yeRussia iyona depopulated kakhulu kuleli zwe. Kuyinto ikhaya ezigidini 6.3. Man. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangaba ngu-5% abantu sebebonke Russian. Phakathi neminyaka engu-1991-2010 izakhamuzi kwehle ngo-1.8 mln. Abantu. Ngokuphathelene nezinga lokukhula labantu eMpumalanga Ekude, e-Territory Primorsky, yena -3,9, e-Republic of Sakha - 1.8, embizeni - 0.7, le eKhabarovsk Territory - 1.3, ku-Sakhalin - 7.8, ku Magadan esifundeni - 17.3, lase-Amur esifundeni. - 6, eKamchatka esifundeni - 6.2, ku Chukotka esifundeni - 14.9. Endabeni phambili mikhuba e Chukotka uhlala ngaphandle labantu phezu 66 iminyaka, futhi Magadan - ngokusebenzisa 57.

izikhonzi

EMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia ihlanganisa indawo obuyizinkulungwane 6169,3 amakhilomitha. Lokhu kumayelana 36% ezweni lonke. Ngokuvamile kuye eMpumalanga Ekude zihlanganisa Trans-iBaikal esifundeni. Lokhu kungenxa indawo yakhe, kanye umsebenzi wokudlulisa. Lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo ihlukaniswe kuzifunda ezilandelayo zaseMpumalanga Ekude: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, Jewish Autonomous Region, eKamchatka, eKhabarovsk Territory. Njengengxenye DFO futhi samanje Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

Umlando Ekude yeRussia

Esikhathini BC 1-2 yeminyaka, esifundeni Amur lalihlala ezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Abantu baseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia namuhla akahlukile ezihlukahlukene ezifana, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaleso sikhathi. Labantu ke lalinabashumayeli Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, nokunye. I, kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko sabantu abangu ngokudoba nokuzingela. Imizana eminingi yasendulo ka Primorye, okungokwendlela kwenkathi Paleolithic, zatholwa eduze endaweni Nakhodka. Esikhathini Stone Age ensimini ka eKamchatka ixazululwe Itelmen, Koryak futhi Ainu. Maphakathi nekhulu XIX lapho kwaqala ukuvela Evenki. Ekhulwini XVII uhulumeni waseRussia waqala ukwandisa eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. 1632 kwaba unyaka isisekelo Yakutsk. Ngaphansi kobuholi Cossack uSemyon Shelkovnikova ogwini loLwandle Okhotsk ke kwakuhlelwa eqhugwaneni 1647. Namuhla, le ndawo echwebeni Russian - Okhotsk. Ukuthuthukiswa Ekude yeRussia baqhubeka. Ngakho, ngo-phakathi XVII wabahloli ekhulwini Khabarov futhi Poyarkov eningizimu kusuka Yakutsk Burg. On imifula Amur kanye Zeya zanqwamana izizwe ngubani uncome amaShayina Qing BakwaHan. Ngenxa yalokho, le mpi lokuqala Nerchinsk sivumelwano sasayinwa phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Ngokuhambisana Cossacks ke kwadingeka adlule Qing Empire esifundeni kwakheka kwi emazweni Albazinskogo sifundazwe. Ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano kunqunywa enobudlelwane nokurhwebelana. ngaphansi kwesivumelwano emngceleni wagijima enyakatho ngomfula. Gorbitz futhi lamagquma lase-Amur umcengezi. Ukungaqiniseki wahlala enkundleni yoLwandle Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi Lezo zindawo phakathi lamagquma futhi Taykansky Kivun. Lwathi luphela Cossacks XVII ekhulwini Russian nocwaningo Kozyrevsky Atlasov uqalwe Peninsula eKamchatka. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVIII ezahlanganiswa Russia.

XVIII leminyaka

Ngo-1724, eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka, uPetru ngathumela bomkhankaso kuqala. Wabhekisa amabombo ayo Vitus Bering. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi labacwaningi isayensi IsiRashiya sinamagama ukwaziswa okuwusizo mayelana esempumalanga eSiberia. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kuyinto yesimanje Magadan futhi eKamchatka izifunda. Kukhona amakhadi amasha abangu icaciswe izixhumanisi ogwini Far Eastern futhi Strait, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuthiwa Sea Bering. uhambo lwesibili lamiswa ngo-1730. Ubaholele Chirikov futhi Bering. Umsebenzi bomkhankaso wawuwukufinyelela ogwini Melika. Isithakazelo, ngokukhethekile, emelelwe Alaska kanye Aleutian esijwayelekile Islands. Izifundo zaseKamchatka ekhulwini XVIII phathelana wahlanganyela Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX leminyaka

Ngalesi sikhathi, yaqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye Ekude yeRussia. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo kakhulu ukuba buthakathaka Empire Qing. Yena ngo-1840 kwakuhilela neMpi opium 1. imisebenzi yalwa amabutho ahlangene eFrance naseNgilandi e Guangzhou futhi Macau adinga izinto ezinkulu nasengcebweni yabantu. Enyakatho China azizange ngaphandle ikhava, lokhu futhi alusebenzisa Russia. Yena, kanye nezinye imibuso yaseYurophu, waba nengxenye buthakathaka ingxenye Empire Qing. Ngo-1850, ewathatha emlonyeni lase-Amur lawela uLieutenant Nevel. Kube wamisa okuthunyelwe lempi. Ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uhulumeni Qing ayizange walulama emiphumeleni iMpi opium futhi exhumene nemisebenzi yabo kwabheduka Taiping Ukuhlubuka, futhi, ngokufanelekile, abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo ngokwanele izimangalo yeRussia, Nevel enquma ukumemezela Umkhawulo wama-Tatar Prospect Isiqhingi nomlomo lase-Amur ezibonakalayo yasekhaya. Ngo-1854, 14 Meyi, Bala Muraviev, ine imininingwane abayithole ngokuthengisa Nevelsk, ukungabi bikho kokukhanya amayunithi China zempi ihlelwe emfuleni kude. Lolu hambo kwaba ngesitimu "Argun", 29 yamabhola antantayo, izikebhe 48 kwathi abangu-800. Phakathi ingxubevange Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe, amasosha kanye izimpahla ezithunyelwe. Ingxenye lempi eKamchatka Sea ukuqinisa ikhanda uPetru noPawulu. Bonke abanye ukudayiswa kwi zezindawo okwakungezeRoma lase-Amur esifundeni plan ucwaningo Chinese. ingxubevange yesibili kwaba nomhlangano ngonyaka kamuva. Kwaba khona abangu-abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-2.5. Ekupheleni kuka-1855, eziningi lamalokishi kwahlelwa sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Amur: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, e-Irkutsk. Ngo 1858 ibhange kwesokudla ngokusemthethweni ukuthi lebhalwe Russia ngokuhambisana Aigun Treaty. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inqubomgomo waseRussia eliseMpumalanga Ekude wayengenawo imvelo nolaka. Isivumelwano ngemvume nezinye izifundazwe ngaphandle ekusebenziseni amandla empi.

indawo Geographical

Ekude eRussia eningizimu okwedlulele, kudlule nasemkhawulweni ka-North Korea, eningizimu-mpumalanga Japan. Ngokwedlulele, esenyakatho-mpumalanga iBering Strait - ne-United States. Enye State, esemngceleni eMpumalanga Ekude (Russia) - China. Ngaphezu zokuphatha, kunesinye division of DFO. Ngakho, lo okuthiwa izindawo eziqhelile zaleli Ekude yeRussia. Lena indawo kahle esikhulu. North-Eastern eSiberia, eyokuqala cishe kulingana esempumalanga Yakutia (izindawo ezisezintabeni ukuba empumalanga Aldan noLena). North Pritihookeanskaya izwe - zone yesibili. Lihlanganisa Engxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli yaseMagadana Region., Chukotka Autonomous District, engxenyeni esenyakatho eKhabarovsk Territory. Ukuze-ke kuhlanganisa Kuril Islands futhi eKamchatka. Ukwakheka emazweni Amur-Sakhalin kukhona EAO Amur esifundeni., Ingxenye eseningizimu eKhabarovsk Territory. Futhi, libhekisela Sakhalin Island Primorsky Krai. Ngo Ephakathi naseNingizimu eSiberia, Yakutia kuhlanganisa, ngaphezu ingxenye yalo engasempumalanga.

Isimo sezulu

Kumele ukuthi eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia has ngezinga kahle esikhulu. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle sezulu Ngokuphambene ekhethekile. Kuyo Yakutia futhi Magadan izifunda Kolyma esifundeni, isibonelo, ngokucijile yezwekazi owandile. Futhi eningizimu-mpumalanga - yezimvula uhlobo sezulu. Lo mehluko wenza kunqunywa nokuxhumana zasolwandle kanye nasemazweni emoyeni uquqaba ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele. Eningizimu libhekene ngqo-yezimvula sezulu nolwandle mussonoobrazny enyakatho. Lona ngumphumela nokuxhumana bezwe eNorth Asia Pacific. ithonya Special isimo sezulu has Okhotsk Sea futhi Primorsk zamanje abandayo ogwini Sea of Japan. Okubaluleke ngendlela efanayo kule ndawo futhi ngesimo sendawo enezintaba. Engxenyeni zamazwekazi Far Eastern Federal District of ubusika enesithwathwa kancane kanye frost.

Izici Isimo Sezulu

Summer ishisa ngokwanele, kodwa esifushane. Ngokuphathelene ezindaweni ezisogwini, kukhona Ubusika seqhwa nobumnene, entwasahlobo kubanda futhi elibala, ekwindla afudumele futhi eside ehlobo kuqhathaniswa cool. Ogwini kukhona zasezindaweni njalo, inkungu, izivunguvungu nezimvula ezinamandla eside. Ukuphakama iqhwa eNhlonhlweni eKamchatka lingafika ngamamitha ayisithupha. I eduze ezindaweni eningizimu, ayanda nomswakama. Ngakho, eningizimu Primorye it is kaningi setha ngezithuba 90%. Cishe yonke indawo eMpumalanga Ekude ehlobo kukhona izimvula eside. Lokhu, kubangela izikhukhula ehlelekile, izikhukhula yokulima kanye izakhiwo zokuhlala. EliseMpumalanga Ekude, okuthatha isikhathi eside izinkathi ne Ilanga elihlale libalele ecacile. Kuyinto evamile ngempela futhi abhekwa imvula okuqhubekayo kwaphela izinsuku eziningana. Lolu hlobo ukwehluka Ekude yeRussia lihlukile "grey" ingxenye European yeRussia. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi Far Eastern Federal District kukhona uthuli iziphepho. Bavela ogwadule enyakatho yeChina kanye Mongolia. Ingxenye enkulu zaseMpumalanga Ekude ulinganiswa noma eNkulu yaseNorth (ngaphandle EAO, eningizimu Amur esifundeni., Primorsky naseKhabarovsk izigceme).

kwemithombo yemvelo

EliseMpumalanga Ekude, impahla izinqolobane eluhlaza inkulu ngokwanele. Lokhu kuvumela naye ukuba ezindaweni ehola emnothweni Russian eziningi izikhundla. Ngakho, eMpumalanga Ekude ku-akhawunti Russian ukukhiqizwa for 98% amadayimane 80% ithini 90% boron impahla eluhlaza, 14% tungsten 50% igolide, 40% kwasolwandle nenhlanzi, 80% sayinela ukungena, 7% cellulose ukhuni 13%. Phakathi imikhakha eyinhloko DFO kufanele izimayini kanye processing metal non-ayoni, uginindela nephepha, ezokudoba, ezamahlathi umkhumbi ukulungisa kanye shipbuilding kuphawulwe.

amagatsha

EliseMpumalanga Ekude, imali eyisisekelo ukuletha namahlathi, izindawo zokudoba, izimayini, metal non-ayoni. akhawunti Lezi izimboni isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu yonke imikhiqizo izothandwa. Ampofu kubhekwe ukucutshungulwa ububanzi. Lapho timbiwa esifundeni eluhlaza lisheshe ngendlela value added. DFO kubangela abalulekile ibanga ezokuthutha eziseceleni. Basuke kubonakala ngenani ngokuya emikhakheni eminingi kwezomnotho.

izidubedube

Ngo ayo eMpumalanga Ekude usesikhundleni okuholela Russian Federation. Ngomthamo, ithini boron, iyatholakala lapha, antimony ngokulandelana 95% inani eliphelele izinsiza kuleli zwe. On fluorspar akhawunti kanye mercury cishe 60% Tungsten - 24%, itshe-nsimbi, apatite, nesibabule bomdabu nomthofu - 10%. ERepublic of Sakha, enyakatho-ntshonalanga okuyingxenye, kuba sifundazwe diamondiferous, enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Imali "Aikhal", "Ukuthula", "yimpumelelo" ezakha ezingaphezu kuka-80% wezindleko idayimane izinqolobane eRussia. Kungase kutholakale izinqolobane of nsimbi eningizimu Yakutia-akhawunti ye-angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4. M. Lena cishe u-80% umthamo lesifunda. Obalulekile lezi imithombo samaJuda. Autonomous Region. ENingizimu Yakutsky Yelena futhi ezinamanzi zinhle ezifakwa ezinkulu zamalahle. ezifakwa wayo sikhona eKhabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, lase-Amur esifundeni. ERepublic of Sakha, Magadan esifundeni zivuliwe futhi ithuthukiswe placer futhi lode igolide imali. ezifakwa ezifanayo ziye zatholakala eKhabarovsk futhi izifunda Primorsky. On mikhakha izimayini okugxilile tungsten nensimbi imikhando. Ukuhola ne-zinc izinqolobane tibheke wabo ikakhulu e-Territory Primorsky. Esikhathini eKhabarovsk Territory kanye lase-Amur Region naye egqanyisiwe titanovorudnaya Isifundazwe. Ngaphezu okungenhla, kukhona namaminerali-non-metallic imali. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, imali limestone, fireclay, graphite, isibabule, asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi.

isikhundla geostrategic

DFO kubaluleke kakhulu geopolitical ngoba WaseRussia. Lapha kukhona ukufinyelela izilwandle ezimbili: Arctic Pacific. Banikezwe izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu yentuthuko esifundeni Asia-Pacific, ukuhlanganiswa phakathi DFO ke liyathembisa kakhulu ezweni labo. Nge inkambo ezinengqondo ibhizinisi DV angase abe "ibhuloho 'esifundeni Asia-Pacific.

Umuzi eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia: uhlu

Ezindaweni amakhulu zihlanganisa Vladivostok, eKhabarovsk. Lezi amadolobha Ekude yeRussia kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho kanye geo-lwamasu Russian Federation. ethembisa kakhulu Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Okubaluleke kakhulu kuba sonke isifunda sase-Yakutsk. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona amadolobha ezisengcupheni. Iningi lazo zitholakala Chukotka. Lokhu kungenxa ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo nokhahlo izimo zezulu.

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