Vactrain: isimiso ukusebenza, ukuhlolwa. isitimela esizayo

Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi baphetha ngokuthi ukwandisa ukuthi lingakanani ijubane lokuya kwanoma iyiphi imoto okufanele kwenzeke yokuvimbela ukusebenza friction. Ngokwalesi simiso ngendiza mkhathi ukuthi ngaphandle ukumelana imvelo angahamba emkhathini isikhathi eside. Lesi sici ngesisekelo iphrojekthi, eyaziwa ngokuthi "ikusasa vactrain."

Isitimela esheshayo

Impumelelo ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu ososayensi emkhakheni ngesivinini phansi ukunyakaza, njengoba namuhla ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto levitation kazibuthe. ISITIMELA AMANDLA KAZIBUTHE izitimela zahlolwa eJapane, baseNgilandi naseJalimane emuva ngeminyaka yoma ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Okwamanje, lolu hlobo ezokuthutha siqhutshwa ezifundeni eziningi ngempumelelo. Kulokhu, by ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana olunikezwa isivinini ngaphakathi 500 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifana isitokwe kuyinto ukonga kakhulu, ubumsulwa imvelo umsindo ongaphakeme. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukwanda ijubane lokuya akuhileli ukwanda hola. Ososayensi ukunikela indlela efanayo ukwakha isitimela cleaner. isimiso sayo ukusebenza wukuthi ithrekhi okumelwe zenzeke ngaphakathi tube bashiye, ukuze wonke amabutho ukumelana zikhishiwe.

Ukuvela umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi ezokuthutha cleaner

Umqondo ekwakheni gruzoprovoda enqamula nokulethwa izimpahla besuka eYurophu beya eMelika futhi emuva okokuqala uvele US emuva sixties of leminyaka elidlule. Njengoba kuhlelwa, ukuba kwakhiwe olwandle ngesikhathi kwesigamu tube ikhilomitha, ngaphakathi okuyinto ukuthutha ngabe lwenteke ngenxa ukwakhiwa ezihambayo levitation kazibuthe ukujula. Kuphela ngo-1999 i-unjiniyela waseMelika Deriel Öster ngakwazi ukuthola isitifiketi sokuba igunya lokwenza cleaner iphayiphi ezokuthutha ubuchwepheshe unikeze sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ekuthuthukeni kwabo.

Öster iphrojekthi

Njengoba kuhlelwa Öster, ithrekhi kumele kube nepayipi ezimbili zasemoyeni (nokuhamba zibheke), ububanzi ngamunye okuyinto 150 cm. Kusolwa ukuthi ngaphakathi amaphilisi ngeke shelela ezokuthutha maglev isuka. ubukhulu wabo kuzobe 130 cm, futhi ubude -. 490 cm-trailer kungaba kanyekanye ukuhambisa abagibeli abayisithupha nge umthwalo nesisindo 370 kg.

Engine cleaner Öster isitimela izokuba oyinhloko (ifakwe Windings ilandelela tube) nokwesibili (ngokwayo umzimba capsule we ingxubevange ferromagnetic) izakhi. I imvume ubuncane phakathi kwabo evumela ukusetshenziswa komugqa lokungeniswa motor. Ngo-trailer udinga ukufaka kuphela ukumiswa electrodynamic ngoba levitation kazibuthe, emoyeni ukuvuselelwa uhlelo, izihlalo namabhethri miniature zenzelwe emafasiteleni virtual nama-TV. Njengoba ukuhamba capsule kuyokwenzeka cishe ngaphandle ukumelana, bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli amandla wachitha for ukusheshisa lungabuyiselwa ngesikhathi unyathela amabhuleki. Ikhaya Snag osuphinde wazalwa ekubeni ngokoqobo le phrojekthi itholakala lokuthi ukuthi Isitimela ngamapayipi cleaner kumelwe iqhubeka umugqa oqondile kahle. Kungenjalo, electromagnets kufanele isinxephezelo amandla centrifugal lapho cornering.

iphrojekthi Swiss

Into efana onjiniyela abavela eSwitzerland basungula kudala njengoba 1974. project yabo eyagcina yaziwa ngokuthi Swissmetro. Njengoba kuhlelwa, amaphilisi levitation kazibuthe abangu ukusebenzisa ngesilinganiso afika ku-500 km / h. Swiss esizayo vactrain yakhelwe ngenhloso ukuxhuma emadolobheni amakhulu ase-isimo (Bern, Zurich, Geneva, Lausanne kanye Basel). Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kuhlelwe ububanzi ipayipi 180 cm kanye-ukuthutha ayisishiyagalombili tekutfutsa bagibeli. Kuze kube manje, kunzima ukwahlulela nezinye izici, ngoba lo msebenzi engakaze saveza ukuphela. Ngo-2009, uhulumeni belahla umqondo.

IsiZulu isitimela esizayo

onjiniyela British ngo-2002, wabuyela iphrojekthi yokudala isitimela cleaner. izinhlelo zabo ziyisiliva nje grand, ngoba nabasunguli uhlose ukwakha inethiwekhi ukuthi uzothatha indawo ka ujantshi ngemgwaco. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ukwakha web amapayipi ezweni lonke. Ngakho amaphilisi zenzelwe esiphezulu abagibeli ababili ise isikhundla lisalele. Ngokungafani kumaphrojekthi wangaphambilini edonsa ku komzila kumelwe uqhubekele ngesivinini esingafinyelela ku-420 km / h. Esisogwini amaloli motors uzobe lusekelwa ngamandla wesitimela lwesithathu. I ethile eyinhloko, esesikhundleni IsiZulu vactrain, ngokuvumelana onjiniyela, lihlotshaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu energy ukusetshenziswa umgibeli ngamunye, uma kuqhathaniswa kumaphrojekthi wangaphambilini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inzuzo yayo esemqoka yiyona izindleko iphansana yokwakhiwa inethiwekhi ezokuthutha.

iphrojekthi Hyperloop

Zonke ubukeka nekusasa elihle kakhulu isitimela iphrojekthi ebizwa Hyperloop. Umqondo indalo yayo ngo-2012, uthe ucela i-Billionaire American Eloni Musk. Ekuqaleni, iphrojekthi wayebizwa ngokuthi imodi wesihlanu ezokuthutha, kodwa izingxoxo kumabonakude is ingafinyeleleki. Uma kwaba ukuqaphela amacebo kahulumeni ukwakha ngesivinini wesitimela phakathi Los Angeles naseSan Francisco, lo somabhizinisi wacosha ukuqaliswa umqondo walo. Hyperloop iphrojekthi limelela umugqa phansi, lapho isitimela cleaner angahamba ngesivinini kuka-400 no 1220 km / h. Ngo-August 2013 umbono lalimisa wethulwa emphakathini ngo kokwethula Amakhasi 58.

Umgomo we operation

Umqondo oyinhloko msebenzi Hyperloop cheapness esiphezulu udala inethiwekhi ezokuthutha amapayipi nokuxhashazwa olwengeziwe. Kule ndaba, e osekelwe kuyo walala esibonelweni esifanayo njengoba isitimela cleaner. E-United States, ngokwe-umsunguli wathi, isidingo ukwakha inethiwekhi avaliwe izindlela parallel ezokwenza ukuxhuma ekugcineni iphuzu umzila. Ukudala cleaner therein futhi silondoloze ke ngokwanele ngamapayipi ensimbi 25 mm ukujiya kanye ongaphakeme umthamo amaphampu. Ngaphakathi kuwo Eloni Musk inikeza ukugijima capsule kuze kube amamitha-30 ubude. Usomabhizinisi wokuqala ufuna kuchunywa San Francisco kanye Los Angeles.

Ngokusho unjiniyela, ukwakha cleaner ophelele amapayipi behluleka. Ngokuqondene nalokhu mass umoya ngeke iyahanjiswa ngaphansi phansi isitokwe kweqa ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho ekhethekile umnsalo wakhe. Lokhu kuzodala umcamelo emoyeni bese ugcine izimali eside kuyadzingeka ekwetfulweni kwaloluhlelo we electromagnet. Ukuze ashona injini, ngenxa lapho capsule luzoqhutshwa zonke km 110 phansi ipayipi izofakwa aluminium wesitimela 15 budze.

Ukuhluka wokusebenza uhlelo

Ukuziletha uhlola umgibeli nomgibeli-wezimpahla nguqulo yesistimu. Esimweni sokuqala kuphakanyiswa ukwakha ububanzi ipayipi ka 2.23 m. Vactrain ngaphakathi Ply kungaba ngesikhathi esisodwa uhambo bebanga abagibeli 28. Indlela yesibili kuhilela ukusetshenziswa ipayipi ubukhulu 3.3 m. Kulokhu, kungenziwa olunye zithutha ku izimoto ezintathu e capsule ngamunye. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le phrojekthi Eloni Musk isitimela kusukwe kuyoba njalo ngomzuzu isigamu.

kahle wezoMnotho kanye isivivinyo

Hyperloop iphrojekthi lingachazwa ngokuthi kahle. Onjiniyela uhlose ngokugcwele izidingo zabo ngezithukuthuku amandla elanga nomoya. wonke isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona yawo uhlele ukuthengisa, abahola ke mayelana $ 25 izigidi ezingu ngonyaka. Ngokusho Eloni Musk, izindleko zokuhamba kwelinye direction kumelwe kuyoba-20 zamaRandi. Kulokhu, iphrojekthi kuyovuzwa engamashumi amabili.

Uhlolo lokuqala isitimela cleaner senzeka ngoMeyi 2016. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukuhlolwa indawo ekhethekile yakhiwa erhalawumbeni eduze Las Vegas. Inqola usebenzisa electromagnets lokuqala yashesha ezingeni 180 km / h, kancane kancane wabe esemisa imoto.

ukuphepha

Onjiniyela basabela ukuphepha ngokucophelela. Amaphilisi ukunyakaza ngeke kuthinte induduzo abagibeli. Uzizwa ukusheshisa yayo ngeke lingafani run indiza ngaphambi Take-off, bese - glide ethule futhi akukho omawala. Eloni Musk uthi isitimela cleaner ayikwazi ukuphazamisa noma awe ukuphakama, ngakho-ke kufanele sithathwe njengehlelo omunye tindlela nephephile zokuthutha. Endabeni ka amandla ukusikeka capsule enikeziwe amabhethri, amandla okuyinto kwanele abagibeli yokuziphilisa imizuzu 45, ngamanye amagama - ukundiza umzila. Phela, abantu abaningi ukhululekile kakhulu travel ezindizeni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi indlela lokubaleka uma kwenzeka kuba nenhlekelele zingabantu kungabazeka kakhulu.

ekupheleni

Ukudala isitimela cleaner, akungabazeki, kudinga izindleko omkhulu wezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe unqume ikude kolayini ngaphambi ekusebenziseni le phrojekthi. Nokho, esikhathini sethu, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthuthukiswa njalo ubuchwepheshe, ikhono nokuqalisa leliqhinga Akabheki ezingacacile ukuze emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Kule ndaba, akumangalisi ukuthi ngesikhathi esifushane ukuthutha abagibeli nezitimela izimpahla zizosetshenziswa, okuyizinto ngokushesha kunokuba izindiza yesimanje leSupersonic.