Emulsion - ingxube ketshezi

Emulsion - inhlanganisela izinto. Siqukethe eyodwa ingxenye izinhlayiya emihle zingaxazululeki omunye. Lokhu isithako ibizwa ngokuthi "isigaba abahlakazekile bengaba". Enye into - ukuhlakazwa ophansi. Ngo ingxenye yakhe yokuqala isakazwa. "Emulsion" - leli gama has a umsuka Latin. Ehunyushiwe lisho "ubisi, ubisi". Ake sihlole lokhu umqondo kabanzi.

Uhlolojikelele

Ngoba yimuphi uketshezi ezimbili okuyinto akuhlangani noma basabela amakhemikhali, kungenzeka ukwenza i emulsion. Kwenye yezingxenye cishe njalo amanzi. Enye imfuyo siqukethe molecule wavuma polar noma kokungathathi hlangothi (isb amafutha). Eyokuqala laziwe kubo bonke emulsion - ubisi. Lapha, izinhlayiya amafutha dispersible emanzini. Usayizi izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo yesigaba abahlakazekile kuyinto 1-50 .mu.m, ngakho emulsions kuthiwa amaqhafuqhafu bahlakazeka izinhlelo. Low-lokuhlushwa uketshezi - akusenjalo. Izingxube nge emakamu eliphezulu - olwakhiwe. Ngezizathu thermodynamic uwoyela emulsion - kuyinto uhlelo engazinzile. Ubukhulu esigabeni amaconsi zinkulu, futhi ingxube akusenjalo.

ngezigaba

Uhlobo emulsion etholwe kuncike esigabeni ivolumu okungu kanye nokusungulwa yabo, inani kanye nohlobo emulsifier, alo msebenzi zamakhemikhali, indlela futhi indlela ukuxuba.

1. admixture ngqo ezinhlayiyeni ezincane i ketshezi apolar futhi zingaxazululeki esigabeni polar (o / w - nasenkulumweni ethi "amafutha emanzini"). Ukuze Izingxube ezinjalo emulsifiers lingasetshenziswa okuyizinto oncibilikayo emanzini, ezifana izinhlayiya ibitume. molecule zabo adsorbed phezu ifilimu ka m-isigaba, ekunciphiseni ukungezwani hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngokudala ifilimu okuqinile.
2. Ephambene (V / m) ingxube, okuyinto isetshenziselwa emulsifier amanzi-zingaxazululeki.

imiphumela kwamakhemikhali emulsion, ingcindezi, Ukwakheka ushintsho kungaholela kombhala.

1. Emulsion nqabela - ingxube esenzelwa angesabi angesabi. Kuthathwa uzinze thermodynamically. Izibonelo ngokuhlolisisa emulsions esitebeleni uma umkhawulo lokushisa ukukhanya izigaba. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa zokugcoba nasoketshezini lwaluyophola.
2. Lyophobic emulsion - ingxube ezakhiwe mechanical, acoustic noma ukuxutshwa kagesi. Ziyakwazi thermodynamically sibi kakhulu. Izingxube ezinjalo ngaphandle emulsifiers isikhathi eside abekho. izingxenye Good kuhlanganise: surfactants, okusezingeni eliphezulu isisindo yamangqamuzana, amanzi izinto encibilikayo nge high ukudla okuqinile ukuhlakazwa.

reception

Kukhona ubuchwepheshe ezimbili zokukhiqiza emulsion. Eyokuqala - indlela enhle kwasani maqembuqembu. Esesibili - inqubo ifilimu ukwakha, kulandele ukudabuka ku izingcezu ezincane. Ngo samuntu lokuqala, ikhemikhali yengezwe kancane ukuba ukuhlakazeka. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kombuso njalo ngesikhathi eshukumisayo ngesivinini. Kulokhu, ikhwalithi ingxube kuzoncika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, ku izinga ukuxuba yokuphathwa futhi liphansi izinga dispersible, okuhlushwa, izinga lokushisa kanye asidi. Eyesibili indlela - inchubo lapho kwakhiwa ifilimu is phezu komunye isigaba. Ngezansi emoyeni kushaywa. Bubbles ifilimu izinyembezi ku amathonsi amancane enyakaza lonke ivolumu okusamanzi. Esikhathini sethu, baqala ukusebenzisa umoya esikhundleni ultrasound. Lokhu kubangela ocindezelayo ifilimu zibe yizicucu ngisho ezincane.

ukubhujiswa Izingxube

Njengoba kukhona ukuphulwa okuzenzakalelayo emulsion ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kukhona izikhathi lapho kudingeka ukuba ukusheshisa le nqubo nokwehlisa lokuhlushwa kwakwakhe. Lesi sidingo ngokwengxenye lubalulekile lapho khona emulsion kanzulu kakhulu ebambezela inqubo yokwelashwa leyo nto noma ukusetshenziswa wayo elungile. Ukusheshisa le nqubo yokunciphisa lokuhlushwa ikhambi ngezindlela eziningana:

1. Indlela zamakhemikhali. reagents ezisetshenzisiwe kokulimaza ngaphezulu amafilimu we emulsifier. Kulokhu icala omubi sokugxila phezu ifilimu is neutralized. On isimiso esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa izithasiselo organic based Izithako zokudla (izinto eziphila abakhuthele - demulsifiers).
2. Ukwengezwa i emulsifier okubangela kumiswa cations, okuyinto ukuheha ebusweni mali futhi ubuso ezingezinhle amafilimu kubangele emulsifier esidala ukungazinzi. isixazululo isimo ukuzinza incipha.
3. Ukushintshwa nezinye emulsifier surfactant ingxenye (PAVom). It dilutes lokuhlushwa ngowokuqala, kodwa uqobo ingeyona ifilimu ngokwanele.
4. indlela Thermal. Nale ndlela, emulsion is phansi imiphumela ezishisayo, elibangela i-bundle yayo.
5. indlela Mechanical. Le ndlela samuntu ubizwa nangokuthi isihlukanisi. I emulsion ukuthi injected kancane singene ujikelezisa nge esikhulu emincane Isivinini esitsheni. Isixazululo ehlala zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenyana ezincane ingxenye ngesisindo.
6. Indlela ngogesi noma ukungeza electrolyte ukuze emulsion. Ngale ndlela ukuphazamisa uhlaliseke icala ebusweni Izingxube negative ifilimu.

isicelo

Ububanzi kwesicelo emulsions embonini kakhulu. Ikakhulu, i-compounds asetshenziswa:

1. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa imajarini bhotela.
2. Ngo insipho ukwenziwa.
3. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa izinto akhiwe ngerabha zemvelo.
4. Ngo ukwakhiwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ibitume emulsion - lokhu kwakwakhe kuyinto nonflammable.
5. Kwezolimo: izibulala-zinambuzane - ezihlukahlukene izidakamizwa ezibhubhisa isitshalo izinambuzane.
6. Ngezinhloso yezokwelapha: izgotolvenie imithi ehlukene yokugcoba, izimonyo.
7. Ngo imidwebo, usebenzisa emulsion upende ahlukahlukene.
8. Izinwele Izimonyo, emulsion, ivikela ebusweni izinwele lapho yokudweba. Ngokwesibonelo, emulsion bembonisa (lokhu oxidizer for upende).
9. I umkhakha petroleum isebenzisa inhlanganisela amanzi ngamafutha, lapho ukuhlakazeka umusho owodwa uketshezi kwesinye senzeka ngamaconsi amancane - globules.