KumiswaAmakolishi namanyuvesi

Polymerase chain reaction futhi iyafika nobubanzi

Polymerase chain reaction (i-PCR) - indlela we-molecular biology, okuvumela ukuthola e yemvelo impahla nengcosana deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), noma kunalokho, ezinye zezingxenye yayo, ngibandise izikhathi eziningi. Base zihlonzwe zibukeke ngu gel electrophoresis. Ukusabela yasungulwa ngo-1983 ngu-K. Mullis futhi afakwe ohlwini okutholakele esivelele eminyakeni yamuva.

Yiziphi izindlela PCR

Yonke inqubo kusekelwe ikhono acid nucleic ukuzithiba phindaphinda, ukuthi kuleli cala labetibambile eyayenziwe egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. DNA ukufanisana ayikwazi ukuqala noma yisiphi isifunda engqamuzaneni, kodwa kuphela ezindaweni ukulandelana ezithile nucleotide - the kokuqala izinsalela. Ukuze polymerase chain reaction uqalile, sidinga primer (noma-DNA iphenya). Lawa izingcezwana esifushane DNA nge elinikeziwe nucleotide ukulandelana. Ziyakwazi aphelele (ngamanye amazwi, elihambisana) kuqale isampula DNA izingxenye.

Yiqiniso, ukwakha kwenziwa, ososayensi kumelwe sitadishe ukulandelana nucleotide we nucleic acid, okuyinto ehilelekile inqubo. Lezi iphenya DNA ukuqinisekisa ngokucacile ukuthi bayavuma futhi Ukuqalwa yayo. Polymerase chain reaction ngeke uhambe, uma isampula singakutholi okungenani eyodwa i-molecule ye-DNA oyifunayo. Ngokuvamile, ukusabela kudinga kwenziwa ngenhla, iqoqo nucleotide, ezimelana nokushisa DNA polymerase. Lesi sakamuva-enzyme - ukusabela okhanda amanye amathuba synthesis entsha nucleic acid molecule isampula isisekelo. Konke lokhu izinto, kuhlanganise ndaba begazi, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze abone DNA ahlanganisiwe ku ingxube yokusabela (isixazululo). It ibekwe thermostat ekhethekile eyenza Ukushisa yayo okusheshayo kakhulu futhi lwaluyophola esikhathini esibekiwe - umjikelezo. Ziyakwazi ngokuvamile 30-50.

Sikwenza kanjani lokhu ukuphendula

Ingqikithi lokhu ukuthi ngesinye umjikelezo, le kwenziwa anamekwe izingxenye DNA oyifunayo, ngemva kwalokho-ke wakhamba Ukubuyelela kabili nge enzyme. Ngesisekelo okuholela imicu DNA kwemiqondo ngemijikelezo okwalandela kakhudlwana futhi izicucu zishintshe ezifanayo.

Polymerase chain reaction njalo walulama elandelayo ngezitebhisi zalo. It libhekene lokuqala Ukubuyelela kabili inani umkhiqizo ngesikhathi umjikelezo Ukushisa kanye nokupholisa ngamunye. In the isinyathelo ukuthi bayavuma yesibili ivela deceleration kusukela enzyme kuyinto alimele ilahlekelwa umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mpilo amasheya nucleotide futhi kwenziwa. In esigabeni lokugcina - ithafa - imikhiqizo Akasekho buthelela njengoba reagents phezu.

Lapho isetshenziswa

Ngokungangabazeki, ebanzi isicelo polymerase chain reaction uthola kwezokwelapha nezesayensi. It is lisetshenziswe biology zomphakathi kanye nezizimele, wezilwane, ekhemisi, ngisho nemvelo. Ngenkathi yokugcina abakwenzayo ukuqapha izinga ukudla izinto zemvelo. Ngezenzo esetshenziswa polymerase chain reaction umkhuba forensic ukuqinisekisa ubuyise kanye ukuhlonza ungubani komuntu. Ngo isayensi forensic, kanye-paleontology, ngokuvamile le ndlela kuyindlela kuphela, ngoba ngokuvamile etholakalayo ekutadisheni nengcosana kakhulu ye-DNA. Yiqiniso, kakhulu kakhulu ezisetshenziswa indlela itholakala nomsebenzi wezokwelapha. Wayedinga wakhe ezindaweni ezifana zofuzo, ezithathelwanayo nezifo oncological.

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