Epholisayo. Amandla we capacitor icala

Kusukela ekuqaleni cwaningo kagesi ukuxazulula umbuzo wayenemfuyo yayo kanye nokulondolozwa kwaba kuphela 1745 Ewald Jurgen von Kleist no Pieter van Musschenbroek. Kwakheka ku kudivayisi Dutch Leiden bavunyelwe buthelela energy kagesi futhi ulisebenzise uma kudingeka.

embizeni Leyden - capacitor sibonelo. Ukusetshenziswa Its ucwaningo ngokomzimba ukunyusele ekutadisheni ugesi ikude phambili kungenzeka ukudala i-prototype ye-kagesi.

Kuyini capacitor

Ukuqoqa icala zikagesi futhi ugesi - injongo eyinhloko ye capacitor. Ngokuvamile, isimiso babashayeli ezimbili ukushisa namakhaza ahlelwe eduze ngangokunokwenzeka komunye nomunye. Isikhala phakathi babashayeli ligcwele Kwe-dielectric Heating. icala zanqwabelana babashayeli akhethiwe heteronymic. Isakhiwo amacala okuphambene ukuheha ikhuthaza enkulu ekuqongeleleni yayo. I Kwe-dielectric Heating unikezwa indima ezimbili: ayanda njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating, aba maningi capacitance kagesi, amacala ayikwazi yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa futhi neutralized.

umthamo Electric - ubuningi eziyisisekelo ezingokwenyama esibonisa ithuba buthelela ophethe capacitor. Guides amapuleti ngokuthi ensimini kagesi ibheka capacitor therebetween.

Amandla icala capacitor, kubonakala kuxhomeke umthamo wayo.

umthamo kagesi

Amandla ezingaba kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba isicelo (a capacitance enkulu kagesi) we capacitor. Amandla we capacitor icala isetshenziswa ukusebenzisa iDemo ishayela zamanje uma kunesidingo.

Ukwakhela phezu kwasiphi amagugu zincike umthamo kagesi? Inqubo iqala nge capacitor ukushaja yokuxhuma electrode yayo izinti umthombo zamanje. Buthelela kwenye ipuleti icala (ukubaluleka lapho q) sithathwa icala phezu capacitor. Inkambu kagesi igxile phakathi electrode isethubeni umehluko U.

capacitance kagesi (C) kuncike nenani ugesi ukuthi wagxila eyodwa umqhubi kanye voltage ensimini: C = q / U.

Lokhu value ulinganiswa F (farads).

Likhono sonke Earth ayikwazi eqhathaniswa capacitance we capacitor, ogama value cishe notebook. Zanqwabelana icala enamandla ingasetshenziswa ubuciko.

Nokho, ukuze ulondoloze esingenamkhawulo ukuthi ugesi ubeke amapuleti akunakwenzeka. Lapho voltage kwandisa kunani esiphezulu capacitor ukuwohloka kungenzeka. Zingqimba neutralized, okungaholela umonakalo zedivayisi. Amandla of capacitor icala kulokhu ngokuphelele ukushisa yakhe.

Inani namandla

Ukushisisa we capacitor kungenxa ukuguqulwa kagesi emkhakheni amandla ezindaweni eziphakathi nezwe. Ikhono we capacitor ukwenza umsebenzi ukuhamba icala kubonisa khona benezincwadi ezanele ugesi. Ukuze ubone ukuthi inkulu kangakanani amandla capacitor icala, cabanga inqubo detente. I kagesi emkhakheni voltage U q icala ubuningi ogeleza usuka ipuleti eyodwa kuya kwenye. Ngu definition, inkambu msebenzi elilingana umkhiqizo umehluko ezingaba yonkana ubuningi icala: A = qu. Lokhu kuqhathaniswa isebenza kuphela njalo voltage value, kodwa inqubo ngokuchitha amapuleti capacitor kwehla kancane kancane zero yayo. Ukuze ugweme ukungafani, sithatha isilinganiso zakhe U / 2.

umthamo kagesi kusukela ifomula kufanele: q = CU.

Ngakho, amandla capacitor icala kungaba azimisele ngokuvumelana ifomula:

W = CU ^2/2.

Siyabona ukuthi ezidlula yayo mkhulu ayanda amandla kagesi kanye voltage. Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo kuyini amandla capacitor icala, baphendukele yohlobo lwazo.

izinhlobo capacitors

Ngoba amandla yasendle kagesi bagxila kule capacitor ngokuqondile okuhlobene capacitance futhi usebenza kanjani capacitor kuncike izici zawo kwesakhiwo, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ngemoto.

1. Ukuma amapuleti: flat, cylindrical, eyindilinga, njll ...
2. Kusukela ushintsho capacitance: njalo (amandla engashintshwa), eziguquguqukayo (ukulungisa izakhiwo ngokomzimba, ukushintsha umthamo), Trimmers. Capacitance ushintsho esiyolandelwa ngokushintsha lokushisa, mechanical noma kagesi voltage. capacitance agesi amapuleti Tuning capacitor kushintsha ushintsho endaweni.
3. Ngokusho uhlobo Kwe-dielectric Heating: igesi, uketshezi, Kwe-dielectric Heating okuqinile.
4. Ngokwe-Kwe-dielectric Heating kusho: ingilazi, iphepha, mica, metallized, ngobumba, mncane-emafilimini izingoma ezihlukahlukene.

Kuye uhlobo umehluko nezinye capacitors. Amandla we capacitor icala kuncike izakhiwo Kwe-dielectric Heating. Inani oyinhloko okuthiwa permittivity. capacitance kagesi kuyinto ithunzi elehlayo kuso.

ipuleti capacitor

Ake sicabangele elingeyona inkimbinkimbi lokuqoqa icala kagesi - epholisayo flat. Lena uhlelo ngokomzimba ehlanganisa plate amabili hlangana kwemikghwa neenhloso lapho ungqimba Kwe-dielectric Heating.

Ifomu amapuleti kungenzeka elingunxande, futhi isiyingi. Uma udinga ukuthola umthamo variable, plate ngokuvamile icala ngesimo isigamu-ezilengayo. Ukuzungelezisa elilodwa electrode isihlobo kwenye kubangela ushintsho endaweni amapuleti.

Sicabanga ukuthi endaweni ipuleti umuntu S, ibanga phakathi amapuleti ukuthatha d alinganayo, permittivity yamathebhu - ε. umthamo kagesi kohlelo kuncike kuphela izibalo zama-engela we capacitor.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

Amandla we capacitor flat

Siyabona ukuthi capacitance ngokuqondile wakhona endaweni ingqikithi ipuleti eyodwa futhi inhlukanozigaba kuya therebetween ibanga. I Coefficient proportionality - kagesi ε njalo _0. Ukwandisa njalo Kwe-dielectric Heating we Kwe-dielectric Heating kuzokhulisa capacitance kagesi. Ukunciphisa indawo amapuleti ihlinzeka capacitors kusilungisi. Electric ensimini amandla icala capacitor incike nemingcele yayo yejeyomethri.

Sisebenzisa ifomula ukubala: W = CU ^2/2.

Ukunqunywa amandla icala capacitor Planar bunjwa yenziwa ngokuvumelana ifomula:

W = εε ₀ SU ² / (2d).

Ukusetshenziswa capacitors

Ikhono we capacitors kancane kancane ukuqoqa icala zikagesi ngokushesha okwanele kokukubuyisela isetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ubuchwepheshe.

Compound nge inductors kungadala izifunda resonant, ukuhlunga wamanje impendulo wesifunda.

Amathoshi, ukushaya, lapho kukhona cishe leso osenyameni umthamo capacitor isetshenziswa ukudala ishayela wamanje oqinile. capacitor ukushaja okwenzeka umthombo njalo zamanje. Wona uba isici capacitor, ephula wesifunda. kolunye uhlangothi ngokusebenzisa isibani ukudedelwa incane ukumelana ohmic ngokuphazima kweso. I electroshock lesi sici, nomzimba womuntu.

Capacitor noma ibhethri

Ikhono isikhathi eside bagcine imfanelo egcinwe kunikeza ithuba elikhulu esisebenzisa njengophawu kwisitoreji semidiya noma amandla isitoreji. Ngo umsakazo, lokhu impahla kabanzi.

Shintsha ibhethri, ngeshwa, capacitor akakwazi, ngoba isici sokukhishwa. Zanqwabelana amandla abo ingeqi Joules ambalwa. Ibhethri ingagcina supply elikhulu amandla kagesi isikhathi eside, futhi cishe akukho ukulahleka.