I moss kuhlukile ulwelwe. izici zinhlobo

Igama moss kanye ulwelwe, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo sabo futhi izitho zomzimba aziwa ososayensi isikhathi eside. Ngokubukeka, lezi zitshalo zifana kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, abamele amayunithi ezahlukene ngokuphelele taxonomic. Kulesi sihloko sibheka ukuthi moss kuhlukile ulwelwe.

Ukwahlukaniswa izitshalo

Kukhona nje azikho izitshalo ngokwemvelo! Yisimanga ezihlukahlukene izitshalo: ulwelwe wona, Izinhlobo, gymnosperms, izimbali ... nje ingekho ohlwini. Nokho, taxonomists bakwazi ukuhlanganisa nabo ngemacembu ezahlukene esekelwe iqoqo izici yokwakheka eziyisisekelo.

Ukuqhathanisa moss kanye ulwelwe

Kungani wona, Izinhlobo, ulwelwe ulele kukhona izitshalo? Zonke lezi ziyakwazi-photosynthesis, njengoba iqukethwe amaseli oluhlaza plastids chloroplast. I bakudala iningi labo bahlala emanzini. Lokhu izimila zasolwandle, okuyinto iqembu izitshalo aphansi. Mosses - ejwayelekile abakhileyo ezweni. Nokho, ukwanda kwabo kungenzeka kuphela khona amanzi. Ngakho-ke, bathanda izindawo olumanzi.

Ngaphandle, ulwelwe kanye wona ayefana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, avame udidekile. Akubona bonke ulwelwe sikhule kuphela emanzini. Ezinye zazo kuxazululwe phezu iziqu zezihlahla, ebusweni amatshe, inhlabathi ezindaweni esemanzi, iqhwa, bafaka nezilwane hairline. Bakha ikhava okuqhubekayo obuluhlaza, njengobhabhulini bryophytes. ulwelwe oluluhlaza labo abazokwazi Sangena Symbiosis ne hyphae isikhunta ukwakha ulele.

Izimpawu izitshalo aphansi

Ulwelwe abizwa ngokuthi bazibukele phansi ngoba umzimba wabo kuyinto aggregate lamaseli (akukho ngokwahlukana empandeni stem kanye namahlamvu). Ibizwa ngokuthi Slano, thallus noma thallus. Ulwelwe amaseli kungukuthi ezikhethekile. Basuke anatomically ixhunyiwe, kodwa ngamunye wabo wenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Nge rhizoids ulwelwe enamathiselwe substrate. Lesi sakhiwo akusisizi akha izicubu, Nokho hhayi ukwenza umsebenzi conductive. Yebo, futhi akudingekile, kusukela sikhule aphansi kuphela emanzini.

Ephakeme spore-izitshalo - abomdabu ezweni

Ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, izitshalo okwadingeka bazivumelanise ngayo imvelo eliwumhlaba. Laba bameleli be-lokuqala amaqembu ezemvelo kwavela Devonian. Lena iqembu izitshalo yokuqothulwa, ababiziweyo Rhyniophyta. yezicathulo zabo ezigcinwe izinsalela zamathambo asendulo kahle. Lawa izitshalo kuqala ukuthi babe izakhi kwezicubu conductive. Ngakho, babizwa ngokuthi semithambo. ribbed yabo sifanamsindvo legatsha ombaxambili, futhi esikhundleni izimpande ingakafundiseki rhizoids.

Endaweni Rhyniophyta weza wona. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo angaba yizinkulungwane 10 zilwane. Ngokungafani wona kusukela ulwelwe akuyona kuphela imvelo. Ukuphila kwabo ngaphansi kwezimo eliwumhlaba lwenziwe Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba inkinga enkulu isakhiwo. wona Iningi esinezimila isakhiwo. Ngakho rhizoids ukulondolozwa kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.

Isakhiwo wona

I moss kuhlukile ulwelwe? Ngo izitshalo spore emjikelezweni wokuphila kukhona ushintsho izizukulwane. Ake sihlole loluhlelo isibonelo omele ejwayelekile ka moss Kukushkin ngefilakisi. ngesizukulwane sakhe sobulili has uhlobo ukhaphethi oluhlaza. Ngokubukeka, kuba okusikhumbuza izinhlobo ezithile zasolwandle kuvuthe kodwa.

Uma ubuka eduze, ikhava oluhlaza siqukethe ehlukile umoba mncane namahlamvu sessile. Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, kubhokisi zabo phezulu Kumiswa esiqwini. Lesi sizukulwane asexual - sporophyte. Ifomu ibhokisi sifana cuckoo. Yingakho igama lalowo lokhu zezimila.

Ibhokisi amaseli abavuthiwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha asexual - izingxabano. Lapho sesivuthiwe, bathulula enhlabathini ziqhume. Sokungezwani futhi sikhule eluhlaza amahlumela. Basuke ezakhiwe ngokobulili ukukhiqizwa kabusha izinhlaka - gametangia. amaqanda nesidoda - ucansi amaseli evuthwa. Ephambi kwezinduna amanzi, coalesce ukwakha zygote. Kusukela likhula sporophyte. Ngakho, ngo-ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe bryophytes ubuswa isizukulwane ngokobulili.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo: ulwelwe, wona

Kusukela ulwelwe uvele emhlabeni ngisemncane kakhulu, isakhiwo yabo bakudala okuningi. It ayikuvumeli lezi zitshalo ukuthuthukisa olwenzeka endaweni entsha. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi moss kuhlukile ulwelwe, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele izici of inhlangano yabo futhi izinqubo zokuphila.

Ake uqale nge isakhiwo umzimba. Zonke wona kuphela eziphilayo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi. Phakathi izinhlobo ezahlukene ulwelwe atholakala. Ngokwesibonelo, Chlorella futhi chlamydomonas kukhona unicellular. Volvox - alga wamakoloni. Siqukethe iqembu lamaseli, elihlanganiswe emgodleni ezivamile. Okuningi nzima ngamaqabunga ahlelwe Chlorella, Spirogyra, kelp, Sargassum. Bonke ezinamangqamuzana amaningi.

Izici eziningi umehluko ingatholakala impilo izici zalezi zinto. Futhi wona, futhi ulwelwe labo abazokwazi ukuzala. Kodwa ekugcineni, le nqubo kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Lolu hlobo Ukuvikelwa ulwelwe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi noma omiswe kwesigubhu umzali iseli Chlamydomonas ukwakha gametes.

Bayaphumela emanzini ukuhlanganisa pairwise. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba zygote - iqanda elivundisiwe. Umbozwe igobolondo obukhulu elikuvumela ukuba uthumele wakhe futhi ukuqanda omiswe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle okuqukethwe zygote, ahlukane, lapho amanzi ukuveza asexual amaseli motile - zoospores. Bona ukwandisa ngobukhulu futhi ukuthola izici abadala.

Ngakho, kulesi sihloko sabuka lokho moss kuhlukile ulwelwe. Izici eziyinhloko kanje:

• Ulwelwe - izitshalo ezindala ukuthi kwavela amanzi.
• Mosses - zifika osebeni.
• Ulwelwe kungaba olulodwa futhi amaningi. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo wamakoloni.
• Zonke ukusabalala Moss izitshalo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, umzimba esesikhundleni isakhiwo iqabunga futhi stem.
• Ukuze ulwelwe, iduna nensikazi, le sporophyte futhi gametophyte ubukeka nsé. Futhi moss kungase kube nomehluko endleleni ahlelwe yabo.
• Ulwelwe kungaba ukukhiqiza kabusha izingxenye thallus. Mosses behluleka ukuveza vegetative.