IzimaliLwemali

Euro - lwemali European Union. History of the course. Ukwethulwa lwemali

Kuze kube manje, endaweni nesishiyagalolunye amazwe aseYurophu zisebenzisa i-euro njengohlobo lwemali yayo esemthethweni. Lokhu lwemali wafakwa kwegazi emazweni esakha umfelandawonye jikelele zezombangazwe nezomnotho - European Union (EU). Kula mazwe lwemali olusemthethweni iyona euro kuphela. Umlando ukuthi isihlobo lwemali kwamanye amanothi asebhange uyazi njengoba izinkathi ukuzinza kanye nokuntengantenga amaphuzu.

Umlando kwe-euro

Ngaphambi ukudalwa EU ukuhlanganiswa inhlangano, isimo ngasinye European uqobo kwenziwe ekushayweni imali bese anqume inkambo lwemali lalo. Le nqubo kakhulu engasenamahloni ukubambisana phakathi amazwe kanye nokusebenza ibalwa wenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. I-prototype ye lwemali ezivamile baba ECU (eng. Lwemali European Unit, ECU), elalisetshenziswa esikhathini kusuka 1979 kuya ku-1998. Lokhu lwemali iye yaba nesandla inqubo nemizana ifomu non-cash, futhi lisetshenziswe Ukukhishwa yengcebo izibopho kanye nezibopho.

Kusukela ngo-1999 kuya 2002 e-European Community kuye kwaba ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa lwemali kazwelonke kanye ezivamile lwemali, i-euro, umlando Yiqiniso obuhlehlela emuva Januwari 1999. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari ngowe-2002 endaweni yase-uthi amaningi aseYurophu okukhethekile amathuluzi wokukhokha iba euro. Umlando Yiqiniso, inkinga banknotes kanye zemali kusukela lapho babe ngaphansi kwekhono -European Central Bank. Lawa mazwe ekuqaleni iphathwa eJalimane, eFrance, e-Italy, Austria naseNetherlands. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imali eyiphepha omusha ngokushesha bafakwa kwegazi Portugal, Belgium, Spain, e-Ireland, Luxembourg futhi Finland.

Amanye amazwe European Union waba nethuba ukuya izibalo ku lwemali ezivamile kamuva. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwakudingeka ukugcwalisa imigomo yesivumelwano Maastricht. AseBaltic babephakathi zokugcina kufakwe ukusetshenziswa lwemali endaweni evamile. Ngakho, Estonia usanda kwethula lento ke ngo-2011, Latvia ngo-2014 futhi eLithuania 2015. Ensimini ka amazwe ezifana iKhupro neMelitha, Slovakia futhi Slovenia, kanye Greece, i-euro zaqala ukusetshenziswa kancane ekuqaleni.

Umlando kwe-euro ngokumelene ruble Russian

Izinga eliphakeme kwe-euro konke kuwo wonke umlando sabhalwa Januwari 22, 2016. Kuleli izingcaphuno usuku maqondana ruble Russian bezingaphansi 1 kuya 91,1814. Umlando euro ruble kuyinto esikhathini esithile sokuzola isihlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-October 28, 2008, lezi izingcaphuno babe ezingeni 1 kuya 34.0844. Lona izinga ephansi kwe-euro ngokumelene ruble Russian emlandweni. Ireshiyo euro kanye ruble Russian 1 kuya 46,6238 ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.

Ukwethulwa esemthethweni kwe-euro kwegazi

Ukwethulwa kwe-euro kwegazi kanye nokusetshenziswa Kwenzeka ngezigaba. Ngakho, kuqala lwemali yethulwa izinkokhelo cashless futhi kamuva kuphela wathatha udaba amanothi iphepha nensimbi zemali.

Usuku ezisemthethweni ekuqaleni ukusetshenziswa olulodwa lwemali kubhekwa ngosuku lokuqala 1999. Januwari 1 phakathi kobusuku European ilungu isikhathi e-Economic European futhi Monetary Union, noma EMU, kwi-jikelele imali entsha - euro. Umlando ngalolo hlobo lwemali iqala ngalesi sikhathi.

imali yamaphepha kazwelonke ithi beniyingxenye inyunyana oshiwo ngenhla abangu uvalwe uboshelwe euro, elaba amathuluzi ezimele futhi egcwele yokukhokha. Ngaleso sikhathi, imali entsha , futhi imali yamaphepha kazwelonke yasetshenziswa kanyekanye. Eyokuqala lwemali ukuhweba ezihilela euro yayiqhutshelwa Januwari 4, 1999.

Izilinganiso kwemali kazwelonke kanye euro ukuguqulwa

Phakathi endalini isethwe isimo sengqondo sabanye zezimali zikazwelonke entsha ezivamile iyunithi yemali. Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthi ukuguquka euro kwakulinganiselwa ku 1,956 DM, 6,660 FRF FIM 5,946, 0,788 amakhilogremu Irish. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcaphuno wake wabathathela isinyathelo ezinye izinhlobo zemali: 1 € = 1936,21 lire, 1 € = 166,39 pesetas, 1 € = 200,48 escudos isiPutukezi, 1 € = 40,34 franc Belgian futhi Luxembourg, 1 € = 2.204 guilder Dutch futhi 1 € = 13.760 schillings Austria.

Euro umlando Yiqiniso okuyinto iminyaka eminingi uzinzile ngokumelene zezimali ezinkulu zomhlaba, ukulahlekelwa phansi eminyakeni yamuva. Namuhla kukhona ukuthambekela ukuqinisa US dollar ngokumelene lwemali ezivamile European.

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