Expressionism abstract

Abstract Expressionism sekukhona eNew York ngo-1940-1950-yalolucwaningo futhi laba yintandokazi ngokushesha omunye ukunyakaza ezinamandla nezinethonya emlandweni yobuciko yesimanje. Akhela phezu ipumelelo European avant-garde ubuciko, iqembu abaculi ezaziwa ngokuthi "expressionists abstract" (noma i- "New York School"), uye wazakhela Abstraction omusha kwaba alula nanzima.

Phakathi abaculi ababengabendlu ukunyakaza, Willem de Kooning, Dzhekson Pollak, Barnett Newman, uClifford Noma kunjalo, Frants Klayn, Lee Krasner, Robert Motherwell, uWilliam Baziotis, Barnett Newman, Adolph Gottlieb, Richard Pousette-Dart. Nakuba ezinye izibalo ayisihluthulelo Abstract Expressionism babedabuka, kuhlanganise Mark Rothko, nama- Gofman, Arshile Gorky, kwaba ukuhamba lokuqala American ngokuphelele kwezobuciko. New York yaba inhloko-dolobha entsha emisha kwezobuciko iminyaka eminingi ezayo, "thatha ususe 'eParis Modern Art isiphuku umholi. ENew York, wadala ulimi ezibukwayo, okuyinto ngokushesha kakhulu ifinyelele emakhoneni akude kakhulu emhlabeni.

Igama elithi "expressionism abstract" eyatholakala kusukela inhlanganisela umfutho ngokomzwelo isici Expressionist German nge "antiobraznymi" eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma European izikole abstract (futurism syncretic Cubist).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, sichazwa ngokuthi sokungalalelwa kwemithetho, ekhetheke kakhulu, ngisho nabanye umqondo nihilism ukunyakaza. Ekusebenteni, leli gama lisho uhlanga noma iyiphi inombolo abaculi ukusebenza e-New York izitayela ezahlukene ngokuphelele nowodwa kuyo, nangayiphi indlela ayikwazi yachazwa njengetshe elincane expressionism classical noma esingabonakali.

Imidwebo lezi abaculi ukudala ngokuya umsebenzi emikhulu akuhlangene nomhlangano yamukelwe ubuciko kanye thematically. Kuyinto obonakalisa enganakile yabo ngabanye, ngakho wazama ukuthola jikelele imithombo yangaphakathi. Spontaneity kanye Improvisation yizona zici ezibaluleke kakhulu kunqubo. Nakuba imisebenzi expressionists abstract "ukuzabalaza" yimuphi ngezigaba yesitayela bona angaqoqwa emhlabeni izintandokazi ezimbili eziyinhloko: gxila isenzo ashukumisayo futhi sinamandla; ukuzindla, wagxila ezindaweni ezivulekile umbala. Kunoma ikuphi, isithombe, okokuqala kunakho konke, i Abstraction. Ngisho nalapho isithombe esekelwe ngokoqobo ezibukwayo, abstract Expressionist indlela oyithandayo, "emane ezicabangela okuthile."

Abstract Expressionism athuthukiswe in umongo ezihlukahlukene agqagqene nomunye imithombo. abaculi abaningi baye benza izinyathelo zokuqala ngasekuqaleni 1930. Okukhulu Kwezomnotho kwavusa ukuvela ukunyakaza ezimbili kwezobuciko: Ridzhionalizm futhi Sotsiorealizm. Kodwa akekho kubo akazange aneliseke laba baculi ekufuneni kwabo okuqukethwe kwezobuciko nge value eqinile, kusikisela umqondo nesibopho emphakathini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo mahhala kusuka provincialism futhi olwalusikisela zezombusazwe nje. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu zango eziningi ukunyakaza, ogama izimpande amanga Umdwebo engokomfanekiso-1930. Cishe zonke Abstract Expressionists abangu 'wamshaya "isipiliyoni Okukhulu Kwezomnotho, ubuciko balo obuvuthiwe bedle Ridzhionalizma futhi Sotsiorealizma. Futhi kwavula indlela eziphambili kakhulu American art imiphumela kanye nokwenziwa yesimanjemanje European. Ngaleyo minyaka e-New York, ihlelwe nemibukiso eminingi European avant-garde art, ngaphezu, kwakuqoshwe ukuqeqesha izifundo yesimanjemanje. Thishela ezinethonya kunazo yobuciko wesimanje e-United States waba nama- Gofman, owathuthela eJalimane aya e-United States unomphela ngo-1932.

Inkinga yokungabi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala nasemiphumeleni yaso kukhona sokuqonda izinkinga lokusungula expressionists abstract. abaculi abasha, bakhathazekile obubi lwesintu, igcwele umdlandla njengoba niqonda ukuziphatha okungenangqondo kanye sengozini kwabantu kubhekwe kuyisibopho kuwo ukuveza lezi zinkinga ubuciko, kodwa entsha okuqukethwe kwawo.

oxhumana ngqo abaculi European baye banda ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, okwaholela eziningi, kuhlanganise Salvador Dali, Maksa Ernsta, André Masson, André Breton, Piet Mondrian, Fernand Léger, khonga ephephelo ngaphakathi the United States. Surrealists, kwakugcizelela ukuhlonza "enganakile", wavula amathuba amasha up. Indlela surrealistic ukukhulula ka "abaqaphela" - automatism ngemilingo, lapho isenzo othomathikhi bese Improvisation ukuthola inkululeko senzo.

Ekuqaleni, Expressionists Abstract e Befuna izihloko ezingaphelelwa isikhathi futhi ithuba amadlingozi ngoba ugqozi izinganekwane kanye art zakudala. Mark Rothko, Dzhekson Pollak, Robert Motherwell, Adolf Gotlib, Barnett Newman, uWilliam Baziotis ngenxa abaziphilisa yokukhuluma wafuna ugqozi emasikweni asendulo noma lasekuqaleni. imisebenzi Early ngabaculi ukukhombisa olungokomfanekiso futhi izakhi biomorphic aguqulwa ku amakhodi ngabanye. Jung kwaba ethakazelisayo futhi Psychology, nge isiqinisekiso wawo "collective ngaquleka." isisho ngqo yikona okwakubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kwenteka kancono engacabangile (ukuhlela).

Ngesikhathi sigaba kwamaKristu avuthiwe expressionism abstract, ngo-1947, Dzhekson Pollok wadala inqubo ehlukile - ziconsa noma wachela (a ngendwangu omkhulu, wabeka phansi, yena yanqamula upende nge ibhulashi).

Willem de Kooning nesimiso amasu isitayela sakhe Gestural - wafutheka, pasty "unhlangothi-imivimbo" ekudalweni okuthiwa "Abstraction engokomfanekiso."

Lee Krasner, futhi Frants Klayn babematasa ngokulinganayo nenhlangano isenzo ashukumisayo yobuciko, lapho isiqeshana isithombe ngasinye yagcwala (Lee Krasner ngokuthi isitayela "obhalwe" Umdwebo).

Ukuze umsebenzi abstract expressionists ukubaluleka itholakala kalula yokukhuluma. Painting yiyona ukuvulwa ukuthi singobani umdwebi weqiniso. A isenzo noma "isignesha" umdwebi - ubufakazi senqubo yokudalwa.

Enye indlela ngenkathi ovuthiwe expressionism abstract kwaba befuna amathuba ekhululekile umbala. Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman wadala ubuciko format esikhulu umbala izindiza - "inkulumo elula yokucabanga eyinkimbinkimbi," ngokusho Mark Rothko.

isithakazelo elingukungaboli e expressionism abstract ibonisa ukuzinikezela odokotela yayo ukuze uxhumane imisinga bokusungula ukhiye isikhathi sakhe, kuhlanganise existentialism kanye psychology Jungian (kuba kukhunjulwe kuwufanele, eye zisithonye ebalulekile expressionism bokwakha isakhasa). Nakuba existentialism waba nethonya juqu kwi Abstract Expressionists, kodwa waba negalelo elikhulu mpendulo yokukhathazeka kuhlukaniswa ogcwele ingxoxo esibanzi.

Ukuze abagxeki abaningi-mlando expressionists impumelelo abstract wayemelele apogee ukunyakaza modernist, kuqalile cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu ngaphambili.

expressionism Abstract uyaqhubeka ukuba luthathe indawo evelele hhayi kuphela ezincwadini zomlando yobuciko Museum amaqoqo, kodwa futhi ukwazi komphakathi. Onjalo isikhalazo eside ke, akungabazeki, kuyinto yeTestamente kuya impumelelo ezijulile.