Eyokuqala umbala ithelevishini. Ubani igama eSoviet umbala ithelevishini yokuqala?

kusukela epilweni yangamalanga yesimodeni engenakucatshangwa ngaphandle TV. Hard ukukholelwa ukuthi uma ithelevishini wayengekho. Ukusakaza izithombe lokuqala bekude, bavele ngaphambi ezikude 1880, bese TV babe electro. Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1907 kwaba khona indlela yokudlulisela kagesi yesithombe, futhi ngo-1932 amaMelika yasungulwa ithelevishini electronic. Ngokushesha ngemva onobuhle wokuqala omnyama nomhlophe, ososayensi baye basungula umbala TV lokuqala. imibala Kalosha babengavunyelwe ukujabulela ngokugcwele ubuhle bomhlaba ngaphandle. ngaleyo ndlela Okhokho bethu ngibeke phambi esibukweni TV emithathu umbala ifilimu, uzama diversify ekhishwa umbala isithombe.

Umklamo lokuqala lobunikazi

Ekupheleni nesishiyagalolunye umsunguli Russian leminyaka, unjiniyela-technologist Alexander Polumordvinov wasikisela mayelana nokwenzeka umbala TV. Waphumelela ekupheleni 1899 ukuthola sobunikazi bangempela multi anemibala uhlelo lwethelevishini. Lolu hlelo kuyinto wamanje analog. Kuwo wonke umlando liye eyaziwa cishe amabili nanhlanu umbala ukudluliswa amaphrojekthi ukubeka phambili abaqambi ezahlukene. Alexander Polumordvinov ezihlongozwayo imfundiso yokuziphendukela nombono ezintathu-anemibala. Lo mbono ka kombala yayibizwa ngokuthi i-University-Young-Gelmgontsa.

Ingqikithi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela imibala

Iphuzu kule umbono uwukuthi ngokusebenzisa lemifanekiso (emithathu umbala), etholwe umfanekiso multi anemibala ezihlukahlukene shades. Lezi imibala - obomvu, oluhlaza futhi oluhlaza - asetshenziswa esikhathini sethu.

Ukuze uthole isithombe, amadiski amabili asetshenziswa. Bona uphendukisa, aphenduka ngejubane elingafani ngokulinganisa. Esikhathini sokuqala drive slot wenza kanye imizila engaba, okungukuthi, kusukela maphakathi kuya onqenqemeni, futhi Imi yesibili ngokusebenzisa umqhewu ngesimo Kuvunguza logarithmic. Isibalo Slots kuyinto multiple of ezintathu.

Lapho igebe ku kokubili amadiski idlulela, kwaba ukuvulwa ukulungele rhomboidal, okwakubekelwa zokuphaka ilungu ngesikhathi Ukujikeleza drive. Ukuze uthole i-ngokulandelana isignali isithombe ivaliwe inqunywe izihlungi. Ziyakwazi onsomi, oluhlaza futhi abomvu imibala. Nge selenium photocell ukukhanya ukuthi leaked ngembobo okwedayimane, ibe isignali kagesi. Phakathi projection yesithombe ezibukwayo ukuba ngocansi kanye photocell ngesikhathi ngasinye isikhawu wawusegunjini Ozivula ukuthi savalwa umbala lemifanekiso yimuphi umbala. Ngesikhathi lapho kuvulwa aphumele ngale isithombe Uhlaka sigudluke omunye ukuvulwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, okuyinto kulinganiswe ibanga elilingana ububanzi igebe. Le hole laligcwele omunye isihlungi umbala lowehlukile.

Sithola uma isiqala ukushintsha umbala TV lokuqala

umbala ithelevishini iphrojekthi kuthatha Adamyar, Zworykin nezinye abaqambi eziningi. Thola ukuthi yini umbala ithelevishini siqala emhlabeni, kufanele uxhumane ku kwamashumi amahlanu, lapho US inkampani RCA ukhiphe umbala ithelevishini yokuqala osakaza CBS RX-40, eyayintula scan mathupha. Usayizi wesibuko engu-14 kuya ku-10 cm phambi kwakhe wabekwa disc enezihlungi, eyayintula ezivumelanisiwe motor kagesi. Kodwa ikhwalithi yesithombe yayiyizwe elimpofu kakhulu. ERussia, umbala TV lokuqala wadedelwa ngo-1954 emzini Leningrad. Igama imodeli - "Rainbow". Buhle TV laseSoviet ukuthi disk ujikelezisa eyayifihliwe emzimbeni. Futhi, owamukelayo ithelevishini ine yangaphandle yokusondeza lens eyenziwe ngepulasitiki, okuyinto yagcwala amanzi distilled.

Kutfutfukiswa ukuskena electronic

Ngo-1950 yasungulwa CRT nge ezintathu electron izibhamu, i-engela degrees 120 isihlobo komunye nomunye. Le TV ine scan ngogesi futhi imaskhi kinescope embozwe lyuminosforom KaMose. Three ugongolo aphume cathodes ezintathu (isibhamu) bese uya "imaski". Okulandelayo ngemishayo ungene kwesikrini futhi zingxeenye ovuthayo imibala eluhlaza, obomvu noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

isikhathi Westinghouse

Ngokwalesi simiso ngo-1954, Westinghouse esethula umbala TV lokuqala futhi okufakiwe ke ukudayiswa njengendlela N840SK15 imodeli. Kodwa ezingamakhulu amahlanu namashumi amathathu ekhishwe ithengiswe enyangeni edlule, abaningi baye bahlala unsold. Lokhu kwakubangelwa amanani aphezulu ukuhluleka - 1295 US dollars, yimali lanamuhla - 11.200 zamaRandi. Hhayi babeze babasize inkampani yokukhangisa usuke enethemba ukudala isifiso esinamandla ukuthenga umbala ithelevishini kwezwe yokuqala. Futhi, umbala TV lokuqala kwaba akudingekile ngenxa irrelevance, ngoba iningi ukudluliswa kuvezwa omnyama nomhlophe.

Okwesibili TV brand

Ukuthandwa okwandisa wajabulela RCA CT-100, eyakhishwa ngo-April 1954. Kwakuwusuku lokuqala umbala TV serial. isihenqo Its 12 amasentimitha. It bathengisa izindleko TV 5,000 $ 1,000. Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, inkampani lakhipha ithelevishini RCA nge screen 15 amasentimitha. Kamuva onobuhle banikezwe nge izikrini 19- futhi-20 intshi.

Baqala kanjalo nokuthuthukiswa kakhulu namathelevishini kakhudlwana futhi okuthuthukile. TV emakethe umbala uyanda futhi manje wokuqonda lapho kwakukhona umbala namathelevishini, ezinye izazi-mlando ushayele izinsuku ezahlukene. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi - ayebonakala izici ezintsha, washintsha izici. General Electric Inkampani ithengiswe TV nge idayagonali 15 amayintshi for $ 1,000, futhi Sylvania for 1150. Ezinye izinkampani ezinikelwe TV amasethi ukuze iqashwe. Ezinjalo njengoba Emerson ukuze iqashwe ngenyanga yokuqala ziyokwenzeka dollar angamakhulu amabili, kanye nezindleko okwalandela njenge- $ 75. Ngaphezu kwalokho elalihlangana intengo $ 795 model nge diagonal 21 amasentimitha. Futhi, anamanci mahlanu amawaka, anawakanye umbala TV amasethi kwathengiswa ekupheleni 1957. onobuhle eziningi TV kuye kwasungulwa sixties, eyayihlanganisa "Rainbow" futhi "Temp". Esikhathini yoma ekuqaleni inani umbala ukudluliswa anda e-United States, izindleko namathelevishini yehlile kakhulu. Ngo-1967, iSoviet Union kwadingeka ngowokuqala umbala ukudluliswa SECAM ejwayelekile, kanye emashalofini uvele eSoviet umbala ithelevishini yokuqala yayibizwa ngokuthi "Ruby 401". Wayengumuntu ukuthuthukiswa Soviet ngokuphelele.

Ukuthuthukiswa ithelevishini e-USSR

yokuthengisa ezinkulu TV nge umfanekiso umbala eSoviet Union wangena ngeminyaka yoma. Njenge-TV "Electron" yayilingana 77.5 * 55 * 55 cm. Le TV iyingxenye egcwele wezangaphakathi, ngoba yayisetshenziswa futhi njengoba eshalofini. "Electron" diagonal 59 cm nesisindo 65 kg. umzimba TV embozwe ukhuni eyigugu futhi ukuvenisha.

Ngaphambili, ngo-February 1957, uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe wanquma ukuthi ngo-1958 kwaqala ukusakaza uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela. Shabolovka ngoNovemba 1958 senziwa OSTST-2. Futhi ngo-January 1960, waqala okusakaza njalo kohlelo NTSC. Nakuba ezimbili kuphela zalesi sihlahla waziphatha ukukhiqizwa TV. It Leningrad Plant. Kozitskogo - "Rainbow" nefektri umsakazo eMoscow - "Temp-22". Ngo ukudayiswa amathelevishini akuzange wathola okwamanje, yize izingcezu yabo 4000 zavezwa.

Eyokuqala umbala ukusakaza

Eyokuqala umbala ukudluliswa ukusakaza okwenzeka ngo-1967, 7 Novemba ngokusebenzisa ngemvume isivumelwano ekubambisaneni wase-USSR futhi France. Uhlelo French wabizwa ngokuthi SECAM. umbala i-TV lokuqala likaMarku wayebuye French - Kft.

Ngo-1967 wabonakala "Rubin-714," okuyinto wayengunkulunkulukazi othandwa kunabo ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba usayizi wesibuko isivele elilingana 61 cm.

Isikhathi eside umbala amathelevishini kwathengiswa nge price low ukunikela abathengi ithuba uthole TV umbala at an ngentengo eqolo futhi ayazise zako.

Ekupheleni kuka-Eighties liye ithengiswe emhlabeni kwezigidi ezingu amahlanu umbala TV amasethi e-USSR, njengoba abaqambi ukuthuthukisa ezingasho onobuhle ezintsha inqubo ozithandayo.

Ukwakheka TV iminyaka 70-80

Ngaphakathi umzimba kwesokunxele nahodilisya transformer, izilungiselelo amandla, umsakazo kanye okukhetha isiteshi, futhi ezansi iyunithi behlaliswe umbala ushintsha uba yileli iyunithi. Ngakwesokudla eyayibekwe le oyingozi nonamandla kunabo bonke imininingwane - block amaskeni ngezibani ephezulu voltage, ne voltage transformers. TV wathatha imitha ububanzi. Ukuze ethola isiteshi UHF it wadedelwa Isiqalo, okuyinto iguqulwe iziteshi kwelinye imitha. Kamuva ezikhishwe SKD amayunithi, obabukhona kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-nineties, okungukuthi cishe engamashumi amabili.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukuze udlulele transistors, kuqoqwa chips. Izibani awasasetshenziswa. TV uthola usayizi ezincane nobuchwepheshe eliphezulu. Manje abakhiqizi kukhona lenqwaba namathelevishini letingemasayizi lahlukene. Amathuba TV ezikhulayo minyaka yonke - intuthuko ayikho indawo.