Ezemfundo ekhatsi Kazakhstan: izigaba yokufunda

Imfundo e Kazakhstan kuyinto zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa eqhubekayo ukuthi ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa izimfanelo professional nesimilo izakhamuzi zezwe. Yiziphi izici lemfundo kuleli zwe, kukhona ezinye izibonelelo kanye imifundaze, nokuthi imfundo angaphandle? Zonke imibuzo sizobe uphendule kule ncwadi.

Ikakhulukazi imfundo simiso Kazakhstan

Uhlelo lwezemfundo e Kazakhstan isethiwe ukuze izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezweni zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili: lochwepheshe kanye jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amazinga eziningana. Ngakho, imfundo kuyinto aphansi, yesibili, ephakeme kanye ezenziwa ngemva kokuphothula, noma njengoba ibizwa, lapho sebephothulile.

imfundo yesibili kuleli zwe (Kazakhstan)

Zonke izakhamizi kumele kudingeke ukuthi uthole imfundo yesibili. It Ubuye amazinga ambalwa. Umqondo kumiswa isilinganiso zihlanganisa, yamabanga aphansi kanye lobuchwepheshe professional (noma sokufundela). Lesi sikole amukela izingane kusukela eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni eyisikhombisa. Emfundweni yesibili, kunezigaba ezintathu: esikoleni samabanga aphansi (lokuqala kuya ebangeni lesine), iningi (kusuka eyesihlanu lesikhombisa) kanye omdala (okweshumi kanye amamaki nanye). Abafundi onamakhono kunabo ungafunda ngaphansi izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezikoleni eyenzelwe izingane onekhono, lapho bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele amakhono abo.

Kepha education amakhono, inkathi irisidi kuvame ukuthatha phakathi kweminyaka emibili futhi ezintathu, futhi abantu bakhona abasha esikoleni noma esikoleni sokufundela (kakade ngesisekelo jikelele zesibili). Amakolishi nezikole eyenzelwe izifundo ezintathu noma ezine.

Imfundo ephakeme e Kazakhstan

Ukuze imfundo ephakeme, kufanele uqale aqede esikoleni, ekolishi noma esikoleni. Abafakizicelo ukuza ngemva kosuku iziqu kanye emnyango izivivinyo ngesimo ukuhlolwa olulodwa zifane, elibizwa ngokuthi UNT. Labo baye bathola imfundo yesibili emisha, ungabhala omunye umsebenzi. Ngokuqondene nabo, kubalulekile ukuba baphumelele isivivinyo esibanzi. Izakhamuzi Republic bangathola emva yimpumelelo ngamazwe scholarship mncintiswano ngokuthi "Bolashak", esihlinzeka ithuba uthole imfundo phesheya. Lapho umfundi iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme, waba impohlo (undergraduate kuhilela iminyaka emine yokutadisha), onguchwepheshe (iminyaka emihlanu) noma Master (iminyaka eyisithupha). Ephakeme Okwesibili Ezemfundo kuphela ngesisekelo inkontileka ayatholakala Kazakhstan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isifundo senzeka ngesivinini yashesha, eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu.

Oholela amanyuvesi obonwa Eurasian National University, Kazakh National University. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Karaganda State University kanye nabanye abaningi. et al.

imfundo postgraduate

Ukuze uthole ukuqeqeshwa professional ezenziwa ngemva kokuphothula, Kazakhstan kufanele kube onguchwepheshe noma master. Ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo zingahlukaniswa zibe esikoleni iziqu kanye assistantship zobudokotela. Izakhamuzi zaleli zwe zingase anikezwa ngemuva kokuphothula ngamazwe scholarship mncintiswano, lapho ungachitha imfundo phesheya. abafundi Graduate ufunde iminyaka kungekho kuka 4, abasizi - hhayi iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3, futhi zobudokotela kuvame ukuthatha iminyaka emithathu.

Scholarship kanye namagranti

Ngokusho Kazakh umthetho, zonke izakhamuzi ungathola lesibili futhi eyinhloko education amakhono likhululekile, futhi kuphela ukudlula mncintiswano - amagranti khulula sokufundela yesibili, ephakeme nemfundo kokuphothula (esimweni esinjalo, uma lokhu ngezinga lokuqala). Kukhona uhlelo imali isimo. Lokhu kubolekisa ngemali zemfundo zikhishwa ngesisekelo mncintiswano. Lokhu ucabangela izikolo isitifiketi, okuyinto ekhishwe ngemuva kokuphumelela isivivinyo UNT. Izibonelelo ingathola ngesisekelo ukukhethwa okukhethekile of labo won the Olympic Imidlalo ye ezingeni republic kanye nokuncintisana ephakeme.

Ezemfundo abafokazi

Abezinye Izizwe abahlala unaphakade eKazakhstan, ungakwazi ukuthola imfundo kanye izakhamuzi weRiphabhulikhi. It yamukele ngokusemthethweni uhlaka lomthetho yezwe, inombolo zezivumelwano ngamazwe, nokunye. P. Ezemfundo njalo elokhu ivela ku Kazakhstan, uhlelo kuyathuthuka ngokuhambisana nezidingo isikhathi. Nokho, ilungelo lokuthola imfundo khulula kanye nokwenzeka ukuthola imifundaze state ekunqandeni-factor izakhamuzi wezwe abafokazi futhi abantu abangenayo yisakhamuzi.

Imininingwane zomlando

Unyaka ka kumiswa Kazakhstan njengoba isimo esihlukile kwaba ukuqala ekuqaleni izinguquko lefundo kuleli zwe.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iningi lezingane wafunda e madrassas, lapho ucwaningo asebenzelana kuphela nezindaba zenkolo futhi ngangingeke ngifunde kangako. Ngaphambi 1917 babeyidlanzana nje izikole ezimbalwa ne Kazakh nezilimi Russian. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, isimo sesishintshile. Unyaka ka isisekelo Republic Kazakhstan ikhono geqe okuqalwe kwekuhlela kabusha eliyisisekelo kule ndawo.

Esikhathini 90 zokuqala kwakukhona izikole zamabanga ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 8.5, nge wabhaliswa izingane ezingaphezu kuka-3 million. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe 272 000 abafundi zinengxenye 61 izikhungo ephakeme Imfundo Kazakhstan (zazo cishe 54 per cent - the Kazakhs, futhi 31 amaphesenti - Russian).

Ngo-1995, ngokuhambisana noMthethosisekelo we-isimo imfundo yesibili ngokusemthethweni baba saziso. Tikhungo temfundvo lephakeme baqala ukulamukela izicelo nsuku ukuncintisana.

ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba

Ezemfundo, Isayensi, Republic of Kazakhstan ngaphansi isimo ngamazwe ukulawula kanye ukusekelwa. Lokhu kusebenza kuzo zombili izikole zamabanga namanyuvesi.

Ngo-2000, uhulumeni wase-Kazakhstan futhi Tajikistan ukusebenza ekufezeni inhlangano isikhungo ngamazwe. Wayefanele abe igama University of Asia Ephakathi futhi abe ngowokuqala emhlabeni lolu hlobo isikhungo. Kwakusho ukuthi inhlangano kuyodingeka esewonke ezintathu, nemizi zakhiwa zaba Kazakhstan eduze enhlokodolobha.

Ngo-2003, i-Asian Development Bank labelwa ukuba isimo ayizinkulungwane 600 zamadola technical support. Nge Kazakhstan emkhakheni wezemfundo futhi wasebenza amalungu Ukuthula Corps njengoba abamele izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni we uhlamvu.

2006 waba unyaka e-izwe ukuvakashelwa ngu Condoleezza Ilayisi. Ungishiya enkulumweni yakhe ngesikhathi ukuvakashela izikole nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme waphawula ezingeni zabo eziphakemeyo. Ngokusho kwakhe, lokhu kufanele kube isici in ekukhuleni kahle isimo.

Izilimi izifundo e Kazakhstan

Ngokwezibalo, okwakubekelwa eyamenyezelwa 2009, ngaphezu kuka-2.5 million izingane wabhalisa ezikoleni zikahulumeni yesibili efundisa ulimi Kazakh isethelwe okungamaphesenti angu-60, Russian - amaphesenti angu-35, futhi Uzbek - amaphesenti 3. Inani izikole lapho ukufundisa kuhanjiswe ngolimi olusemthethweni, okwamanje ezikhulayo.

Ngakho, angaphezu kuka-60% ezikole kanye 48% abafundi baseyunivesithi of babeqeqeshwa the Kazakh ngo-Okthoba 2009.

UNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo Kazakhstan kuphawulwe 2010 ukuthi izikole Russian yesibili ezithi ivaliwe isimo. Kuphela abazali umfundi Ungakhetha ukuthi yiluphi esikoleni ukuthumela izingane zabo kufanele. Indvuna yelitiko letemfundvo futhi yagxila yokuthi isiRashiya ekufundiseni cishe 30% izikole zamabanga, futhi lesi sibalo empeleni kakhulu ekubeni ezincane.

Kusukela ngo-2010, isifundo emlandweni waleli zwe e Kazakh izikole ngokomthetho kuphela Kazakh.

Kakade ngo-2011, izibalo wabonisa ukuthi inani abafundi baseyunivesithi ofundelwa ngolimi olusemthethweni kuka 300.000 (ngaphezu kuka-50% abafundi) ka.

Abantu abasha e isisusa ezweni sokutadisha Kazakh bomdabu siwukuthi isenza pass ukuthola amagranti imfundo, ikhuthaza emsebenzini wakhe, kuhlanganise uhulumeni kuso nokusenza umkhuba umthetho.

Iningi lezakhamuzi weRiphabliki ngaphandle ulimi isimo, futhi wafundisa ngesiRashiya. Nokho, kukhona izinhlobo eziningana izikole kazwelonke. Kungenzeka Tajik, Uzbek futhi Uighur. Nokho, abathweswe iziqu zabo ungakhetha ulimi lapho ukuba baphumelele isivivinyo esisodwa. Kodwa choice zingenziwa kuphela esivuna Russian noma Kazakh.

Izibalo 2014 kuqinisekisa umbono ukuthi ezikoleni kanye emayunivesithi, abafundi abangaphezu kuka-50% ukukhetha ngolimi lwezwe olusemthethweni. Lokhu ukhuluma esivuna popularization of ulimi Kazakh ohlelweni lwezemfundo.