Fish weNcwadi Red: amafomu, izithombe

Minyaka yonke Red Encwadi Russia agcwaliswa nge new amagama nezilwane. Izizathu ukunyamalala zonke izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, futhi esimweni ngasinye kudinga ukunakwa, ukunakekelwa. Namuhla sanquma ukubhala ngalokho izinhlanzi Red Encwadi izwe ethu aphila ngesikhathi esithile, siyakuphila ukuchaza abameleli ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi ezingavamile ophilayo ezilwandle, emachibini nasemifuleni yeRussia.

Beluga Azov

Ngo somfula Sea Azov kuyo lolu hlobo izinhlanzi ngenkathi zidala e likhuphuka emfuleni. Neziphawulekayo lokhu Beluga ukuthi kusukela ngekhulu lesithupha BC, futhi ngo-1986 eneminyaka engu-ukudoba yezimayini ke ngonyaka ifinyelela nengxenye amathani ayinkulungwane.

Abadala zikhula ubude 4.5 amamitha, isisindo sabo imayelana 750 kilograms. Azov amaqanda Sturgeon, futhi, ayahluka ngobukhulu nangendlela lingafika amamilimitha angu ezine ububanzi ngamunye. Ukuthomba e Beluga besilisa iza eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 12-14 nabesifazane 16-18. Lezi zinhlanzi zicatshangelwa abadala abangazange attained lo yobudala - abasha.

Lezi zinhlanzi ezisohlwini Red Encwadi ERussia kukhona on the esengozini yokuqothulwa, kuze kube manje, inombolo yabo ngqo akwaziwa, kodwa mhlawumbe abadala azikho angaphezu kwayishumi nambili ayizinkulungwane, abaningi abasha. Kungasekho ebusweni Umhlaba isiqalo Beluga emva Don Yakhiwa Tsimlyanskaya Dam kanti emifula Kuban Fedorov. Lezi zakhiwo ukusika cishe ngokuphelele off the ngezizathu zidala main yalezi inhlanzi enkulu.

Kusukela ngo-1986, ngokuphelele uvinjelwe ekubambeni Sturgeon sokudla, ukudayiswa. Abakhiqizi ozama ukwandisa isibalo inhlanzi, ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kubo eyayenziwe. Namuhla cishe yonke imihlambi zilwane ezihlala olwandle, ziwumphumela ukutshalwa ngumuntu.

Sakhalin Sturgeon

Fish iRed Incwadi yinzuzo ngokuqondile abantu. Basuke ngokuqinile ezivikelwe ngumthetho, kodwa namanje abazingela ngokungemthetho thola izintuba, futhi imizamo abalimi ukuba eyayenziwe ukwandisa labantu akusho ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Ngakho, Sturgeon Sakhalin kukhona mayelana kuphela eyodwa nengxenye ayizinkulungwane.

Izithombe izinhlanzi Red Book, kuhlanganise Sturgeon, ethulwa kule athikili. Sakhalin zilwane ku engcupheni yokuqothulwa bangena esigabeni sokuqala yokuqothulwa. Lezi zinhlanzi kuze yoma kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, barbarously ngizoqothulwa, okuyigugu ngokukhethekile kukhona amaqanda abo.

I abadala abazona esikhulu kakhulu ngobukhulu futhi akuvamile zikhula ngamamitha amabili. Isisindo esivamile ovuthiwe Sakhalin Sturgeon kuyinto amakhilogremu angu-60. ERussia, lolu hlobo itholakala lwesiTatar Strait futhi ezinye thutheleka fula kuwo ka Sakhalin naseKhabarovsk Krai, zaphetha emfuleni okunokwethenjelwa kuphela Tumnin.

Ukuze alondoloze ukubukeka ukwandisa izinombolo zayo waqala umsebenzi zizalela yakhe yokufakelwa. Abazalanisi badinga usizo iziphathimandla ukusula imibhede zidala we cwilisa ihlathi, udoti, ukudala amachibi ezengeziwe.

sterlet

Pisces Russia Red Incwadi ahlupheke hhayi kuphela ngenxa engalawuliwe ekubambeni, kodwa futhi kusukela amanzi angcolile. Ngokwesibonelo, angenasawoti Sturgeon ivuliwe engcupheni yokuqothulwa nokuqothulwa.

Ngaphambilini, le nhlanzi ahlelwe Red Encwadi Russia manje zazihlala kulo lonke umcengezi Black Sea, umfula iVolga, Kuban, Dnieper, Desna, Don, Urals, nabanye abaningi. Ngenxa amanzi angcolile ezindaweni eziningi, le zilwane itholakala kuphela ezimbalwa, futhi abanye wanyamalala ngokuphelele, njengoba eMfuleni Kuban.

Sturgeon Adult kuyinto engasho lutho. ubude bayo ukusuka 40 kuya ku-60 cm, isisindo isilinganiso zokhahlamba kusuka anamakhulu mahlanu ezimbili ikhilo amagremu.

Ukugcina kwezinhlobo ekhiqizwa yokuhlanza yemifula, amabhizinisi amaningi ziye zathi ukukhiqizwa udoti sokukhipha ku amadamu, ucabangela ezinesihlungu yabo. I impumelelo lokuqala abonakala kakade, ezilwandle we Kama futhi iVolga uye wakwazi ukwandisa isibalo sterlet.

inhlanzi iVolga

zinhlobo Fish Red Data Book zihlukene, kodwa cishe bonke ngokudoba. IVolga inhlanzi wake wacabanga kwekulu, ke ngonyaka ukhiqiza izingcezu ezingaphezu kwesigamu eziyinkulungwane. Namuhla, le zilwane ivikelwe, izinombolo zayo baqhubeka ukunqabela ngenxa ukungcola River iVolga (indawo avelele zidala), nokwakhiwa kwamadamu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, akukho zinyathelo ukuze ukongiwa Red Encwadi izinhlanzi esithathwayo. Nyusa inombolo kuyothuthuka isimo kwemvelo kanye kudalwa amachibi yokufakelwa yokuzalanisa.

salmon echibini

Esikhathini imicengezi Baltic nezilwandle White uhlalwe lezi zinhlanzi weNcwadi Red. Ukuze eziyizimbangela, beze emfuleni, echibini zibhukude. Fish Ubukhulu ezincane: 40 amasentimitha eside futhi nesisindo 600 grams. Isibalo salmon izungezwe aqala ukuncipha ngokucijile kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule. On onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa, lezi zinhlanzi babe, ngenxa yezizathu ezintathu:

• ukudoba engalawuliwe ingeyezentengiso;
• ukungcola imfucuza semilambo, wagawula amahlathi;
• ukwakhiwa Idamu ivaliwe baqaphelisisa izindimana zidala.

Okwamanje, umsebenzi eyenziwa ukuze kulondolozwe zilwane futhi labantu ukwanda. Isula emfuleni, usethe nemvelo reserves.

sprat abrauskaya

Ezinye izinhlobo izinhlanzi ezisohlwini Incwadi Red, musa ngisho azame ukusindisa. Lokhu kwenzeka sprat. Lezi zinhlanzi incane kakhulu, nje zikhule ngamasentimitha amane. Okuwukuphela kwendawo yemvelo - Lake Abrau Krasnodar esifundeni.

Emuva e-zamashumi amahlanu last sprat ekhulwini ubanjwe on izinto ezingaphezu kuka-200 ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa manje akwaziwa noma kwezinhlobo iyagcinwa nhlobo. Le nhlanzi sinyamalale ngenxa ukuhlaliswa kwabantu yokufakelwa umhlaseli echibini iphezulu.

Ukuze uzame ukugcina abrau sprat, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolisise echibini ukuthola abasindile abantu, uma ikhona wahlala. Kreokonservirovat isakhi sofuzo sikhule izinhlanzi kwamanye amachibi, endaweni amanzi okuyinto efana endaweni evamile kwendawo anchovy, futhi ngaphandle eziningi izinyoni ezidla inyama.

Salvethymus svetovidovi

Esikhathini umcengezi we Anadyr River, Lake El'gygytgyn e eziningi ezimpilweni zilwane. Ngo-Red Encwadi wezinhlamvu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi alitholakali kwenye indawo. Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe catch Kungenzeka uthole izingcezu engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili zezinhlanzi.

Usayizi albacore wezinhlamvu ifinyelela ngamasentimitha amathathu nantathu, isisindo isilinganiso amagremu anamakhulu mathandathu. Lokhu zezinyoni ezingavamile uwukuphela ummeleli we uhlobo lwe yayo, ngakho ngokuqinile okwezikhali zamaNtungwa.

Ukuze ugweme ukushabalala Isakare, echibini kwathiwa lesikhumbuzo zemvelo. Ukuze andise inani labantu kanye kungenzeka yokuzalanisa kweminye machibi, ngokuvumelana amanzi eduze El'gygytgyn kudingekile kreokonservirovat ufuzo.

Sipho

Lolo hlobo roundnose ezisohlwini Incwadi Red. bakhona yehlile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa leminyaka elidlule. Sipho uhlala kuphela crystal ecacile entabeni emifuleni enemisinga okusheshayo nasemachibini amaningi. Buka kuyinto onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa.

Lezi zinhlanzi laqala ukunyamalala e Red Data Book ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Kwezinye emachibini nasemifuleni Sipho wanyamalala ngokuphelele ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwamanzi wezolimo chemical imfucuza phakathi ukuthuthukiswa ezindaweni abantu. Iningi emifuleni baba engajulile ngenxa ahlabayo kwamahlathi ugu. umnikelo ngokuthi ukunyamalala abantu Lenca eyenziwe sishaye emahlathini angasogwini ubuthi imikhaza. Abazingeli futhi omningi wabanjwa le nhlanzi.

yefilakisi Adult ekhula ukuze amakhilogremu ezinhlanu isisindo futhi kufika amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili ubude. Ukuze uthole inombolo enkulu umucu okumnandi kuyo yawela kanjalo uthando nabantu, ngakho babamba inqwaba.

Okwamanje, imizamo eyenziwayo ukwandisa isibalo zilwane. Eyahlanza emifuleni nasemachibini amaningi ngoba repopulating kubo Lenca. Fry in emachibini uzolunga uyiswe kusuka nezinye izindawo ezihlanza.

salmon trout

Kungenjalo, izinhlanzi okuthiwa ama-Red Encwadi le trout mfudlana. It uhlala ifomu nemifula engajulile ngamanzi abandayo kanye zamanje okusheshayo. Osayizi kusukela trout ezincane: kufika amathathu amasentimitha ubude, isisindo isilinganiso iphawundi.

Fish ezisohlwini Red Book of Russia, kwezinye emifuleni baye banyamalala ngokuphelele ngenxa yokudoba engalawuliwe, ukungcola, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo, shallowing noma ephelele nkinga ukusakaza.

Kwezinye izindawo laseRussia aqala umsebenzi ukulondolozwa zilwane, ukwenyuka ngenani. Ngokwesibonelo, e Bashkiria kanye Tver esifundeni esungulwe izinqolobane. Kuvele ukutshalwa yokufakelwa ezazizogcwalisa imifula nemifudlana.

Volkhov whitefish

Lezi zinhlanzi kuze yoma abangu ukuvunwa. ukukhiqizwa yonyaka we izicucu kuka izinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisithupha namakhulu ka whitefish. Namuhla inombolo yabo ifinyelela ingqikithi abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesithupha.

Whitefish enamandla, esinamanzi. Ubude bayo kuze kube ngamasentimitha ayisithupha, isisindo ongafinyelela amakhilogramu.

• Ukunciphisa elibukhali inani labantu abangenwa ukudoba nje kuphela engalawuliwe, kodwa futhi ukungcola kwamanzi, nokwakhiwa kwamadamu. Ngenxa izithiyo ezingezona ezemvelo ukuba zidala zezinhlanzi abanengi bafa.

Okwamanje usebenza ku-ukubuyiselwa amandla. zizalela Artificial ka gazinga, zizalela whitefish isivele kuyaqhubeka. Amavesi sisusiwe ukuba zidala ngezizathu, kukhona yokufakelwa.

Pereslavl vendace

Lezi zinhlanzi ukuphila kuphela Plescheevo Lake (phambilini obuwaziwa ngo Pereslavskoe) ukuthi Yaroslavl esifundeni. Lokhu chibi Khathaza futhi Big Nerl ehlangene iVolga.

Vendace uthanda amanzi abandayo nge semali-mpilo. Ngaphambili, yena wahlala azungeze ichibi (50 amakhilomitha square), manje atholakala kuphela kwezinye izingxenye zalo, njengoba kwakunjalo ukufudumala, nge mpilo omncane. Ngenxa kuyanda emanzini lokushisa whitefish osale ukujula, futhi ebusuku kuphela, lapho amanzi epholisa, akhuphukela amanzi phakathi futhi engenhla.

Amazinga amanzi luyanda ngenxa encishisiwe flowage echibini. It has a isamba ezincane lamanzi liphuma ngoba bona babengahlanganisiwe siyogangathekiswa emaxhaphozini nemifula. Iningi imifula nemifudlana babé engajulile ngenxa ahlabayo kwamahlathi ugu. Isibalo whitefish yehlile ngokuphawulekayo, manje catch salo angamaphesenti amahlanu kuphela ukuthi wakwazi ukuze likhiqize izinhlobo ezingaphezu Eighties. Indlela abantu abaningi bahlale, akwaziwa.

Ukuze kulondolozwe zilwane ngo-1975, echibini kwaba Plescheevo neyaziwayo bemvelo engcwele. Kude kuye yamuka effluents ezimbonini. On echibini asivunyelwe ukuhamba motorboats. Okunqatshelwe catch whitefish.

Black Amur bream

Lolu hlobo ivuliwe onqenqemeni yokuqothulwa. EChina, labantu bayo olawulwa, eRussia, le bream itholakala kuphela Amur soMfula, e eMfuleni Ussuri, izinombolo zayo liyaqhubeka lehla.

Nge ubude akukho kuka ayisithupha amasentimitha isisindo izinhlanzi inzuzo kuze kufinyelele khilogremu ezintathu.

Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe amanzi Amur ikhuthaza ukunyamalala zilwane. EChina itholakala ngezizathu zidala eyinhloko bream. catch engalawuliwe kulezi zindawo kuholela ukuncipha labantu eRussia. Indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni isibalo kudlalwa ukungcola kwamanzi. Inani eliqondile bream zabansundu Amur alwaziwa. Yena alivamile ukuzwakala yonkana ngesikhathi ekubambeni ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi.

Ukugcina zilwane kusukela 1981 uvinjelwe ekubambeni black Amur bream ensimini ka-Russia.

On umbuzo onjani izinhlanzi ahlelwe njengoba ezisengozini, akekho ngempela Awukwazi ukuphendula. Minyaka yonke, kuloluhla iminyaka noma isuswe ku-ke ezinye izinhlobo zawo ngenxa yokuthi baye banyamalala ngokuphelele noma wakwazi ukubuyisela amandla. Sithemba ukuthi ngenxa ukongiwa zinhlobo uhlu bazowubona inciphe.