Mushroom "iminwe kaDeveli": incazelo, lapho likhula futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Kwenzeka ukuthi ubunjalo izitolo zabo ivulekile kungazelelwe, futhi ukukhanya sosuku kukhona Amazing, ngisho izitshalo okwesabisayo, okuyinto ambalwa abantu bazi. Eqinisweni, abanye akudingeki ukukhuphuka kunezintaba eziphakeme kunazo zonke noma ozakwehlela ekujuleni kolwandle. Ngisho ku amakhowe zabo ongaqondakali futhi engavamile. Abantu abaningi e-ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama labo are boron, okuyinto flaunts ohlangeni obukhulu noma boletus agaric Phakathi kwamahlamvu. Kodwa umbuso mushroom enkulu futhi ezihlukahlukene: kusukela ezincane ukuze izimo ezinkulu.

Kodwa phakathi kwabo kukhona engavamile kakhulu. amahlathi Russian kule umqondo ngempela ayinangozi. Singahlangabezana amakhowe abavamile, ezidliwayo futhi engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo. Kodwa uma kwenzeka sibe asezindaweni ezishisayo, kungatholakala yokuthi ubizwa nangokuthi mushroom, kodwa isifiso eyodwa kuphela - ukubaleka.

Yini ephathelene? Cishe itshengise izithombe zalo "Njengabafokazi Nezakhamuzi"

Futhi angikholelwa amehlo ami, ngoba konke okwenzekayo kubonakala ukuthi unikezele ngezinsizakalo yesayensi. Nawa amanga nje phansi a tuber, kancane like a amazambane, futhi isikhashana kamuva utshani embondelene tentacles obomvu ezinamanzi badedelwa-ke. Futhi sonke isikhathi kubonakala sengathi lezi nemilenze lovely wabanjwa manje. Umbukwane, uveze amaqiniso njengoba enjalo, Creepy.

Kodwa asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka. Ngoba uyisidalwa esibi empeleni ukhunta eliwumhlaba. It kanjalo okuzelwe tsvetohvostnik Archer (Clathrus archeri) bohlobo lwe-Reshetochnik umndeni phallaceae - ". Iminwe kaDeveli" amakhowe Ubani nje nempela owayeke wacabanga ukuthi ukubukeka kwalo ngakho hhayi ukulandela igama lalo.

Nokho kuba ukhunta!

Ngo clathrus archeri eziningi amagama, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo "iminwe kaDeveli." Lawa tentacles shades elibomvu, okuyinto, efana sucker nge ingwane ihambe, kukhona sphere abamnyama (kungakho elinye igama - "mushroom ingwane"). Lezi zithutha omnyama - Gleba likhipha iphunga ezibolile inyama ebolile.

mushroom Aged "iminwe kaDeveli" nakakhulu. umbala wayo elikhanyayo esenyamalala, uhlala isandla esabekayo okhanyayo, uma ephumile ethuneni. Flavour ukuthi istochat, lifana iphunga abolile inyama. Bona-ke ihehe izinambuzane, esakaza ezinhlamvu fungal olude.

Lapho benza lokhu ukhunta ezimbi?

Kanjani futhi lapho sase sihlala mushroom ezimbi "develi iminwe"? Lapho ikhula kanjani? Waqale ezichazwe Tasmania futhi ngokushesha wabonisa baya e-Australia, bese kulandele New Zealand, e-Afrika, eMelika Ephakathi mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNingizimu Melika, Saint Helena futhi Mauritius.

Europe ubona alien. Akekho owazi ngokuthe ngqo lokungena lapha. Kusolwa ukuthi walethwa France ngengozi endaweni ethile phakathi kuka-1914 no-1920 e-Australia, futhi cishe New Zealand, kanye noboya, enikezelwe izidingo basembonini yendwangu. Noma mhlawumbe ezinhlamvu zawo zazilotshiwe lapha amasosha Australian, amalungu nezimpi ensimini ka-French e-kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngisho uma walethwa ngengozi, yena acclimated kahle impela. Yilokho amazing kangaka bheka amakhowe Australian "iminwe the devil."

Futhi nangu yi

Kusukela ikakhulu phakathi nawo-30 sika okutholakele ethuthumelisayo ezitholakala eYurophu. Basuke bagxila ikakhulu Vosges izintaba e impumalanga yeFrance, cishe eduzane Swiss futhi isiJalimane, sawela kubo futhi basakaza eminye eJalimane (ngo-1937), Switzerland (1942), eNgilandi (ngo-1945), e-Austria (ngo-1948), i-Czech Republic (ngo-1963). Ngemva kweminyaka ethile 60, ukhunta isivele kahle Baltic ogwini. Lokhu kwenzeka angabacwasi ngokushesha. "Iminwe kadeveli," esibi kakhulu mushroom emhlabeni, ukuhlangabezana abaningi ngokwengeziwe Spain entshonalanga kuya ePoland nase-Ukraine empumalanga, kusukela UK naseScandinavia enyakatho kuya eningizimu lamazwe aseBalkan.

Tholile wokuqala ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, abashe Kazakhstan (Aktobe esifundeni) ngo-1953, olandelayo - ku Ukraine Carpathians ngo-1977. Lokhu tropical nomzingeli senzakalo, nakuba kakhulu kuyaqabukela, eRussia. Kungenzeka ukuthi ulethwa lapha inhlabathi kanye izithombo, kodwa kwezinye izindawo eseningizimu nemaphakathi baye igxilile ngempumelelo. Ngakho, ezimweni ezimbalwa lapho clathrus archeri wabanjwa iso mushroom, abashe Sverdlovsk (1978) kanye Kaluga izifunda (kowezi-2000).

Mushroom "iminwe kaDeveli" zijwayele ephilayo phakathi emahlathini exubile kanye lezihlahla, okuyinto thatha ngempumelelo izimpande humus inhlabathi kanye abolile izinkuni kwezihlabathi ogwadule futhi ephuma kabili desert. Uqala eziqhakaza kusukela Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-October. Lihlangabezana Mushroom ngempela ezingavamile, kodwa bangakhula babe inani elikhulu, uma izimo zezulu zivumela.

Mushroom "iminwe kaDeveli": incazelo

Mushroom clathrus archeri Lingase ngokuthi olukhohlisayo. Futhi zonke ngoba ekuqaleni kwakhe uzenza toadstool olumhlophe, abavamile kakhulu futhi zingezona ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kusebenza esigabeni uma ngesimo amaqanda kusukela 4 kuya 6 ngamasentimitha ububanzi. Lapho amakhowe ayahlakazeka sinqamula ihlathi, ungacabanga ngazo zonke, ngisho sizididanise isidalwa alien.

Futhi eqinisweni, iqanda has a isakhiwo multilayer:

• peridium - topsheet;
• mucosa, ukuthi ukwakheka sifana jelly;
• umnyombo esakhiwa retseptakula (siyoba yini amacembe umbala obomvu) kanye maphakathi Glebe (spore esindayo ungqimba).

Kodwa isikhathi sihamba, ngaleso sikhatsi bafundza bacala bukhule. Umbukwane akuyona ngaphansi esabekayo uma ungaphandle ile egg shell ngokoqobo ziqhuma ukuze amacembe eziyisishiyagalombili. Babeqale tho phezulu, kodwa ngokushesha ahlukaniswe ngokushesha okukhulu bese eyama izindwani, noma ngisho ihambe, njengokhozi ingwane.

Phela, lo "indiza" isingathekiso kungaba yimpumelelo ngaphezulu. Ungazibona yini ngeso lengqondo-octopus, sihambela kwelinye izwekazi beya kwelinye, njengoba clathrus archeri wenza kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule? Ekugcineni ukhunta atholwe ukuma sici inkanyezi noma imbali-15 amasentimitha ububanzi. Ngaphakathi the amacembe zifane ukushwabana isipanji ezinezimbobo, ngasendleleni, kuyinto ehluke ziyaqothuka, namabala amnyama, njengokhozi amaswidi ingwane. Basuke embozwe lwamafinyila Sporebearing Glebe, okuyinto ngokunembile umthombo iphunga elibi babulawa. Kodwa edonsela izimpukane ngempumelelo. Futhi izinambuzane lasakazekela imilenze yakhe izingxabano lesi silo emhlabeni komakhelwane. Yiqiniso, i-spore zisakaza esikhethiwe hhayi ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinye isikhunta indlela, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngempumelelo.

mushroom abathandwayo "iminwe kaDeveli" ayinalo umlenze sobala. Futhi ephuma iqanda uhlala izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu kuphela, bese buyabuna futhi uyafa. Kodwa le nkathi emfushane kumanele ukusebenza umsebenzi walo - ngokudlulisela imbewu ukuqhubeka esemncintiswaneni.

Mushroom "iminwe kaDeveli" - edliwayo noma cha?

Ngempela, Umbuzo othakazelisayo. Ngakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka ukudla indalo emangalisayo "iminwe kaDeveli '? Lesi sikhunta kungenzeka! Ngisho wathola enye indoda nesibindi California ezathatha isampula in iqanda esiteji. Taste Kwatholakala ukuthi uma sikubeka kahle, kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu, futhi umuzwa ngemva yokunambitha akuyona the best, kodwa emnandi.

Uma izimo okusinda, ezifana ogwadule, futhi akukho okunye ukudla ke adle nabo. Musa yindlala kuyinto! Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, cabangela-ke engenakudliwa ngobubi bawo.

cishe izihlobo

Lapho bonke ubunjalo kanye Otherness kwesinye zasehlathini, kukhona kwezinhlobo kunalokho eduze futhi efanayo:

• Tsvetohvostik isi-Javanese (Pseudocolus fusiformis syn. Anthurus javanicus). Kungatholakala kubhalwe emahlathini ase-Primorsky Krai. Vakashela Nikitsky ingadi Botanical (mhlawumbe kwenye) bese uzothola ke kunoma iyiphi kubhavu lapho omunye izitshalo tropical watshala. It ihlukile Archers amacembe, bebuthanela ngesikhathi sokudlondlobala.
• Red Reshetochnik (Clathrus ruber). Lokhu ukhunta ivelakancane.
• Veselka vulgaris (Hallus Impudicus). In the state iqanda imakwe ifana eside. It ihlukile "iminwe" nje izimbali usike, e Veselka kuba oluhlaza.

Life "Umunwe kaDeveli" e-World Wide Web

Mushroom clathrus archeri, noma "iminwe kaDeveli", kuyinto engavamile kangangokuthi noma ubani owayevuma ehlangana laye, sifuna ukuthwebula emehlweni emangalisayo. Futhi-Inthanethi Ugcwalise ezihlukahlukene izithombe monster ngomusa, kodwa eqinisweni nje ukhunta kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila yayo esifushane, kusukela amaqanda ehlakazekile ihlathi eliluhlaza, kungasho, "izandla umuntu ofile" awube mhlophe nje eziwele phansi, njengoba uma ukuphula aphume ethuneni ngokusebenzisa umhlaba kwezakhi.

Ukubukeka wokuqala kakhulu izithombe zakhe ku-intanethi kubangelwa impikiswano sina phakathi Umhlaba abasebenzisi Wide Web. Imibono, imibono ehlukene: leso silwane livela ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kulesibonelo amaqanda isithombe lapho umbungu okhula silwanyana, noma ukuthi yikho okuvame kakhulu isithombe montage, hhayi ngokoqobo.

Zishintshe "ubhekene" clathrus archeri

Thina sibheke lesi simangaliso emhlabeni kukhona ezihlukahlukene izinhlangano. Othile uyibheka njengesibonakaliso Cacti, umuntu - cuttlefish, abanye kufana inkanyezi noma imbali, futhi umuntu eze ngokushesha engqondweni yakho ihambe ingwane.

amagama Ngakho eziningi ezinjalo ezahlukene ngawo wabizwa:

• "Iminwe kaDeveli"
• "Iminwe kaDeveli"
• "Ferris Iqanda"
• "Mushroom-inkanyezi"
• "Filthy uphondo ingwane"
• "Mushroom-Cuttlefish"
• "Uphondo ngithola.

Clathrus archeri (Clathrus archeri) - etymology

Clathrus kusho "umshudo Ilokhi" noma "Isitoreji cell". izwi Archeri livela egameni Irish mycologist uWilliam Archer.

Amanothi ohambweni silo yonkana Europe

• Ukraine. Clathrus archeri ezisohlwini Incwadi Olubomvu njengokungathi ngezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Njengoba isibe isiko kusukela ngo-1977, imibiko emhlanganweni naye futhi wathola namuhla kusukela yaseTranscarpathia, akuvamile Ivano-Frankivsk esifundeni. Cishe zonke okutholakele eqoshiwe endaweni ihlathi, nasemithambekeni endaweni engamamitha angu-800 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.
• Germany. Mushroom clathrus archeri, noma "iminwe kaDeveli", lapha kaningi, njengoba ngo-1937 lapho elaqala ukutholwa. Nokho is ezisohlwini iNcwadi Red.

• Czech Republic, Vary Region. Ngasemingceleni ye edolobheni endaweni encane elivikelwe ukufihla zezinyoni ezingavamile ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Nakuba izinga lokushisa lonyaka lilinganiselwa ku-6 ° C, akunjalo kuwavimbele ezishisayo clathrus inzalo archeri lezizindawo izingxenye. A izinkuni ezibolile ke umsoco nokukhula kwanele.
• UK. Lapha amakhowe "iminwe develi" (clathrus archeri) - ukutholakala ezingavamile. Futhi zilwane kuphela okungaba umphumela walokho kudidaniswe - ke Clathrus ruber. Kodwa kukhona ithemba ukuthi imiphumela yokushisa komkhathi angase kabanzi eqonda. Ungaqiniseka ukuthi wayengafuni eside ahlale engabonwa. Isiqinisekiso salokhu ukubukeka sakhe esibi futhi inuka kabi.

Phela, amakhowe clathrus archeri, noma "iminwe kaDeveli", ezichazwe 1860 by mycologist British Michael Dzhozef Berkli futhi wamnika igama Lysurus archeri. Kamuva leli khowe emangalisayo wabelwa uhlobo lwe Clathrus omunye waseBrithani ongazazi izindlela Malcolm Donald Dring e wokulandisa yakhe (1980). Lokhu kudalwa imvelo baba clathrus archeri eyaziwa, kodwa ezaziwa kahle kakhulu phakathi kwabantu ngokuthi "iminwe kaDeveli."