Svir River: okudoba, isithombe nomlando

Svir River kugeleza engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga yesifundazwe esifundeni Leningrad eduze komngcele we Karelia. Kuyinto ingxenye iVolga-Baltic mfula.

Incazelo umzimba ngamanzi

Svir River Leningrad esifundeni ithwala amanzi Lake Onega (Ascension eduze nedolobhana) kusukela empumalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Ngemva 33 km ke agelezela Iwinski kokuwa, bese esikhathini esidlule edolobheni futhi Svirstroy Sviritsa emzaneni - Lake Ladoga. On emfuleni, ezimbili kwamanzi ukusatshalaliswa iyunithi eyakhelwe - Nizhnesvirsky futhi Verhnesvirsky. Kuhlukanisa umzimba ngamanzi izigaba ezintathu: engaphandle Swir (nobude bawo 95 km), okulingene Swir (45 km) kanye ephansi Swir (80 km).

Ezendawo

Svir River kugeleza izifunda ezintathu, ku usebe lwawo welulela emadolobheni amaningi, emadolobheni amancane nasemaphandleni. Ngokwesibonelo, endaweni Podporozhsky umakhelwane wakhe Ascension Yannavalok, Nimpelda, Krasny eBor, Vyazostrov, Gakruchey, Muir, Plotichno, Ostrechino, Pidma, Myatusovo, Upper Mandrogi, Podporozhye, Uslanka futhi Hevronino; endaweni Lodeinopolsky - Svirstroy, Harevschina, Brooks Hill, Lodeynoye Pole, Gnilnoe Konev futhi Lower Shotuksa; endaweni Volkhov - Sviritsa futhi Bird Island.

I nemingenela main

Umbhede yomzimba amanzi ageleza kunemifula nemifudlana engaphezu kuka-30, futhi leyo ebaluleke kakhulu kukhona uPavel, Vazhinka, Ojat, Ivin futhi Yandeba. Ezinye zazo yilezi imikhumbi. nemingenela Kwesobunxele - Yanruchey, Kuzra, Toiba, Meldusa, Svyatukha, Kiselyovka, mayhem, Yandeba, Pehtega, Yanega, Mungan, Pudanka, Kanomka, Shamoksha, Zaostrovka, Shakshozerka, Shotkusa, Pasha kanye Oyat. nemingenela Right - Shavreka, Muromlya, Pidemka, Pidma, Ivin, Uslanka, Mandrogi, Segezha, Tenzeya, Negezhma, Vazhinka netshe, Irvinka, Syarba, Ostrechinka, Korelka futhi Fox.

Ukuma, inhlabathi kanye izimila

Svir River (isithombe okwethulwa kulesi sihloko kuzokusiza umfundi ukuba aqonde bonke ubuhle bayo) kwenzeka ogxile emathafeni, okuyinto yayiseKhesariya ajulile esidlule glacial. Sifinyelela engezansi yomzimba amanzi isendaweni Ladoga Eliphansi. Emlanjeni asymmetrically: nemingenela yayo kwesokunxele yibona ngaphezu kwelungelo. Inhlabathi aseduze ikakhulu ubumba izimbuku, ngezinye izikhathi anesihlabathi enamadwala ingxenye. Amabhange emfuleni cishe yonke indawo igcwele ihlathi nezihlahla, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka futhi edlelweni kwezimila.

umbuso kwamanzi

Swir River has a ubude 224 km. ukuphakama Its emthonjeni 35 m, ewathatha emlonyeni - 4,84 m yamanzi Flow rate -. 785 m ³ / s. Ububanzi kulo kuhluka amamitha 100 kuze kube 10-12 amakhilomitha (Iwinski imidlalo). Amanzi umbuso emfuleni unyaka wonke ngisho. Abangamaphesenti angu-80 kwemithombo yamanzi ewela Lake Onega. Umhlabathi bahlanganisa ikakhulu amatshe nobumba, kwezinye izindawo - yesihlabathi daka. Ezindaweni eziningi phezu Svir nge predominance ka phansi enamadwala. Engxenyeni maphakathi umzimba amanzi asetshenziswa ukuba Rapids, kodwa emva ukwakhiwa iziteshi amandla wendlale ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi. Manje, wonke embhedeni umzila ejulile amanzi is wadala.

Ice phezu Svir liphuma kuye ngokuthi izimo sezulu isikhathi esiyizinyanga 3-6. Izigaba lasungulwa nokuvulwa ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene ngenxa izici ngazinye ukugeleza nhlobonhlobo. ice Okokuqala kwakhiwa, phakathi kukaNovemba noDisemba, futhi liyancibilika Ephreli noMeyi. Eminyakeni efudumele, kanye ezindaweni ezinezinga wamanje oqinile, ayikwazi kwakhiwa ikhava okuqhubekayo.

Svir River: Ukudoba

Lokhu emanzini iyipharadesi kubathandi lokudoba. Lihlala salmon, bream, chub, Grayling, Pike, minnow, ide, perch, roach, eyikati, burbot, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Unyaka wonke emfuleni kungavunyelwe ukubamba whitefish, kuyilapho ezinye izinhlobo avunyelwe ukudoba kuphela endaweni zokuhlala. Abalandeli ukuzingela salmon zinhlobo inhlanzi kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukudoba kuvunyelwe:

- Emlonyeni endaweni kuvinjelwe Lower pyatisotmetrovoy HPP. Phansi kanye iflothi ukudoba ngenela - ngaphandle sikhatsi lesitsite. Ukudoba nge ukuphotha banqatshelwe Okthoba kuya ku-November no maphakathi no-May kuya maphakathi no-June.

- Kuwo wonke Svir, ngaphandle esishintshashintshayo sinqatshiwe kwamadamu amabhuloho - ice- ukudoba burbot trammel ezimbili odnogorlovymi (ubude kumele singeqi amamitha amabili, futhi ububanzi we ayindilinga - isigamu imitha).

- Ngenhla edamini Lower emifula bese zonke kuqhakanjiswe. Ukudoba ngenela ukuntanta nje ngezingwegwe akukho engaphezu kweyishumi ngaphandle sikhatsi lesitsite.

- Emlonyeni kuya Alekhovschina .. Ukudoba kuvunyelwe ku iflothi ngenela ngaphandle komkhawulo usuku nendawo. Zherlitsy - amayunithi akukho engaphezu kwemihlanu ngemvume umdobi ngamunye nge ice ukuncibilika phambi lokuqala Juni.

Ukuvakasha kanye nezokungcebeleka

Svir River (Leningrad ibalazwe esifundeni kuzosiza ukucacisa umzila yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo) Kuyathakazelisa hhayi ukudoba nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ngoba izivakashi zalo ezikhangayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e sifinyelela engezansi yomzimba amanzi itholakala Nizhnesvirsky Reserve. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfula Svir eyaziwa futhi Storozhenskiy yabo Khanyisa. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ehlobo-ekwindla kuyinto lokuthumela asebenzayo kakhulu: umgibeli nempahla zokuthutha. On nemingenela ka Pasha kanye Oyat uya ugodo kude.

umlando Svir River

Svir lesithathu ngemva komfula odumile iNeva futhi Volkhov engxenyeni enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia. Ngalo ukudlula zonke Cruises edolobhaneni Kizhi futhi Mandrogi. Ezikhathini zangaphambi Petrine Svir kwakungelona eyinhloko yezohwebo kanye ezokuthutha ihabhu, kodwa indima yayo liye landa ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekuqaleni kweMpi Northern. Elinye lamalokishi ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi odumile kwenkathi ngazalelwa edolobhaneni ngeSonto. Itholakala eduze umthombo komfula, lapho kugeleza aphume Lake Onega. negama laKhe elihle kwalesi sigodi ubophekile ukuba Ascension Monastery, ezakhiwe lapha ngekhulu nanhlanu. Yena eyathatha iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Budebuduze sezindela kwaba umuzana wokudoba - Svirsky Umlomo. Ngo 1810 Mariinsky isiteshi wethulwa, okuholela emzaneni selingaphezu ezingeni endaweni enkulu, futhi uqambe kabusha Ascension. Lapha kusuka echibini kwafika imikhumbi emikhulu ethekwini nezimpahla zabo isakazwe kule medium and elincane izikebhe, okuyinto ayiyisa imizi emfuleni. Bobabili amabhange kwakuklele wharves, izindawo athula, imigqa emafektri nezinqolobane. Ekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye ukuthuthukiswa navigation kwakukhona umkhumbi ukulungisa igceke. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-kulwiwa edolobhaneni elibizwa igama bese Namoynye Sands, ke wakwazi ukuthatha imikhumbi division onogada, kanye abenzele zokuvimbela kokuhlola isimo lobuchwepheshe futhi sifeze ukulungiswa ezidingekayo. Namuhla, leli dolobha bengabizwanga obalulekile futhi itheku elikhulu. Nokho, lesi sakhiwo ukulungisa namanje lapha. Kusukela ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa Upper Reservoir Svirsky nemizana ezincane nezinkulu ngeSonto futhi Podporozhie lasuka ogwini, t. Ukuze. Bawa kule ndawo kukazamcolo. Asazi uthinte kuphela lezo zitholakala phezulu yokhalo entabeni.

amehlo ngezebhizinisi

Ukudlulisa edolobhaneni Krasny eBor, Svir emfuleni ihlukane amagatsha amaningana, ahaqe encane, isiqhingi ongaphakeme. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo, kuze amakhilomitha amahlanu, unegama elihle Ivankoostrov. Motor imikhumbi njalo bend bazungeza ohlangothini lwesobunxele, umbala ogwini olunamadwala. Lwekwandzisa Svir futhi Bypasses siqhingi elilandelayo nhlangothi zombili - Vyazostrov. Kulandele amanzi futhi uhlangane ku ukusakaza ezivamile. Ngokulandelayo, umfula unciphise kakhulu, futhi yakha "emphinjeni". Kodwa ngemuva kokuthi Ukhethe Svir Ivenskogo imidlalo expanses. Lapha, umfula ifinyelela ububanzi amakhilomitha 12. Ngaphambili, kwaba nechibi umcengezi imiswe phakathi neminyaka Ice Age. Ukudlulisa kokuwa, umfula unciphise futhi ageleza umugqa oqondile cishe ephelele. Lapha, ibhange kwesokudla elise Rivne inkwali, ezazidume ngokutshala quartzite yayo obomvu amnyama. Ngokulandelayo, umfula ujika ngqo eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi aphinde ageleza emgceni locondzile, wedlula emzaneni Plotichno ukudoba ihlathi yasendulo eyaziwa. Svir eqeda isendleleni emanzini Lake Ladoga.