"Flatiron Isakhiwo» (Flatiron Isakhiwo). Skyscraper eManhattan: ikheli, incazelo

Kunoma muzi omkhulu ngokuqinisekile unawo isiphakamiso sokwakha isakhiwo, okuyinto lokuhweba wakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, eParis, le Luhambo kubhekwe njengento Eiffel Tower, eMoscow - the Kremlin, futhi New York, kungaba ngokuqinisekile siziqhenye nezakhiwo zayo eziphakeme. Omunye wabo iyona "Flatiron Isakhiwo" e Manhattan, okuyinto kubhekwa odumile isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele, elalizokwakhiwa e kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

incazelo phezulu

"Lesi sakhiwo Iron" eNew York, naphezu ukuphakama kwakhe okukhulu elilingana 83 metres, futhi ukubukeka emincane, ubukeka ngempela nenhle. Skyscraper yakhelwe isitayela izakhiwo zasendulo leminyaka elidlule - ngaphandle imigexo ezingadingekile ahlotshiswe. Izindonga zayo kanye nomklamo Ingaphandle amafasitela ilula. Basuke ehlotshiswe isithombe ngakuthathu imihlobiso impumuzo ezijulile. Ukwakhiwa lihlotshiswe ezihlukahlukene izakhi ezihlotshisiwe ukwakha play eziyingqayizivele izithunzi nokukhanya.

"Flatiron Isakhiwo" (New York) Waba wuphawu okusha Melika, njengoba yayakhiwe embundwini Ngokuzayo entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe nezinto ngokwesayensi.

Uma uthola eduze isakhiwo engavamile, kungase uthole umbono wokuthi kukhona indoda phambi ekhaleni lakhe elikhulu ocean liner. Izimoto, wedlula emhlabeni izakhiwo, bawakhohlise ukunyakaza phezulu.

Lokhu isakhiwo eliphezulu liphumele has amabili nanye ungqimba, futhi umbukwane omuhle kakhulu kungenziwa wajabulela kusukela amakamelo ekhoneni futhi izindawo amakamelo. Ngezindlela ezahlukene phezulu has a look ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Kungase kubonakale sengathi ikholomu mncane, isikebhe noma ukuvelela okusheshayo up odongeni.

Design kanye nokwakhiwa phezulu

Izwe lapho isakhiwo itholakala, ukushintsha inombolo enkulu zabanikazi phambi kwakhe kulesi sikhungo yavela. Lokhu wahlala ezweni ongakasetshenzwa ngenxa zonke izinhlobo umehluko phakathi abanikazi kanye nembuso. Ngenxa yalokho, eyathengwa ngu George Fuller, owayeyilungu wamasheya ukwakhiwa amafemu owaziwa. Nguye wanquma ukuthi kukhona Kufanele usukume lesi sakhiwo.

Umqondo kwakhiwa isakhiwo of umumo esingunxantathu onjalo kwakuyiNkosi ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ngalezo zinsuku yayithandwa ocean ethwala, efanekisela yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kwekhulu elidlule. ukubukeka enhle uyaziqhenya wale mikhumbi wakhonza njengeNkosi ugqozi wezakhiwo futhi engineer Daniel H. Burnham, eklanyelwe futhi lakha phezulu ukuthi sifana komkhumbi omkhulu zamatshe. Wayelethwa ababeqashwe umqondisi Fuller Inkampani kulomsebenzi, ngoba wayengumuntu professional weqiniso emkhakheni wabo.

Abanamakhono American wakwazi ukusetshenziswa ikhiqize kakhudlwana kule kwakhiwa isakhiwo icebo encane ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo ezimbili ezitaladini New York. Solutions uMklami ukwakha "Flatiron Isakhiwo" engavamile ukuma esingunxantathu sasizakala kuzo zonke izinhlelo.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo waqala ngo-1901 futhi waqedwa ngeminyaka emibili. Nge indalo yayo, Uhlaka ubuchwepheshe ziye zasetshenziswa, ngakho Flatiron Isakhiwo liwukuphela kwesakhiwo multi-storey yokuqala eyakhiwa ngesisekelo metal imishayo. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo, lingasuswa eyakhelwe ngaleso sikhathi umlando. Okwamanje, izakhamuzi nezivakashi New York ungajabulela into yezakhiwo omangalisayo, yitshe eliyigugu real komuzi.

Njengoba leli gama zivela?

izihambi eziningi kuwo umuzi Manhattan woza, bezibuza ukuthi lingase lisho ukuthi "Flatiron Isakhiwo". It kuvela ukuthi igama phezulu ngesiRashiya umsindo kwafana 'nensimbi', futhi kulokho isakhiwo akwenzekanga ngephutha. Kuzo zonke esikhathini ukwakhiwa, lakhiwa ekhoneni ezitaladini ezintathu, khona wathola isidlaliso.

Eyokuqala yalezi kwaba ukwakhiwa e-Philadelphia, futhi ngemva kokuba uvele New York iye yabizwa ngokuthi "i-Flatiron Isakhiwo." Naphezu kwakho konke kudlule iminyaka yayo ukwakhiwa, isakhiwo ilahlekelwe noyedwa lobukhosi bayo nento, ngakho namanje Ubamba iso zezivakashi nabathandi kubhekwa ukuziqhenya wangempela izakhamuzi.

umlando okwengeziwe

Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kwaqedwa phezulu onjiniyela abaningi nabakhi wakulahla ukwakhiwa ezibucayi ngempela. Ngokwesibonelo, intatheli owaziwa yokushicilela endlini yezakhiwo ukuthi ukwakhiwa ebukekayo futhi eyakhelwe ngaphandle umzamo ukuze afihle kungamboza ububi ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liye wagxeka inqwaba amawindi isakhiwo.

Nokho, naphezu kwezinkulumo enjalo engemihle, emva kwesikhashana, "Iron House" iye matasa ngokuphelele abaqashi, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha khona, kukhona yayingeyona incwadi eyodwa ehlangene ehhovisi khulula. Ngenxa leli fomu engavamile we phezulu, izindlu eziningi lapho Kwakuqashwa ngabaculi adumile kanye nabanye abameleli zomhlaba bohemian. Ngakho-ke Street Fifth Avenue, isibe omunye ezindaweni ahlonishwa kakhulu lomuzi.

Ukusetshenziswa isakhiwo

Ukuze okungaphezu kwesakhiwo ekhulwini yasetshenziselwa kuphela emahhovisi. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ke kwakuhlezi wezempi Russian ababe obhekene US imishini ukuzivikela kwempahla.

Skyscraper izikhathi eziningana ezashintsha abanikazi. Ngo-2010, ingxenye yalesi sakhiwo yathengwa inkampani utshalomali Sorgente Iqembu ngenhloso yokwenza kube ngokunethezeka ehhotela okunethezeka. Inqobo nje uma luhlala kuphela izinhlelo, njengoba inkampani kuzodingeka silinde iminyaka abaningi, inqobo nje uma lezi zakhamuzi zamanje kuzophela esivumelwaneni abasenza sokushintsha sokuqasha isakhiwo.

isimo samanje wokwakha

Okwamanje, i-phezulu e Manhattan izindlu indlunkulu eziningana US izinkampani ezinkulu, kanye eziningi ukushicilela izindlu owaziwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo kubhekwa hhayi kuphela isikhungo ihhovisi kanye isakhiwo ethandwa kakhulu emzini, kodwa futhi omunye izimpawu zendawo mlando yezwe kufakwe US National Register. Ngakho-ke, inani elikhulu zezihambeli ziyafika lapha ukwenza izithombe imemori Flatiron Isakhiwo, okwenza kube ngaphezulu futhi sezakhiwo izithombe kakhulu emhlabeni.

Futhi, lokhu phezulu ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa kuyithelevishini imibhalo njengoba iningi liyabonakala kalula uphawu-New York City.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Nale isakhiwo esixhumene eyodwa umzuzwana kunalokho ethakazelisayo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, eceleni kwakhe kwakungo uquqaba abesifazane izingubo ezitolo. Zonke ladies kwenkathi, ilibangise boutiques, ivuliwe elula efanayo emgwaqweni, lapho kukhona amafu, bezama ukuthola enye indlela. Kwathi ngoba kule ndawo rose iziketi izintokazi izindonga isakhiwo, bebuthanela engela oyingozi futhi kudala isenzo esifana emgudwini womoya, okubangela komoya.

Yiqiniso, umbukwane onjalo lavuselelwa okukhulu phakathi kwabantu izixuku ababukele, njalo emsebenzini eduze phezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mcimbi sekubhekwa njengento ingxenye pop isiko, ngakho amakhadi amaningi engunyaza kuya ukuboniswa eduze "Iron House" abesifazane kanye izingubo zabo phezu emoyeni.

Lapho kuba?

Noma ubani kuyoba eNew York futhi ufisa ukubona salokhu wobuciko bokwakha, uzokwazi ukuyithola ngaleso ikheli: Street Fifth Avenue, 175.

It kungenziwa esafinyelelwa kaMasipala (futhi uthole off at 23 St) noma amabhasi M1, M5, M3 noma M2.

Lesi sakhiwo unganakile ke Siyaqiniseka ngeke wenze okuvelayo ngisho isihambi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.