Astrakhan: nokuzwa ukuthi bayakufanelekela kokubona, izinkambo idolobha

Nakuba umlando Astrakhan elisuka mists isikhathi, edolobheni, okuyinto namuhla eyaziwa, yasungulwa ngo-1558, lapho kwaba Edolobhaneni elithile elincane, owayeyilungu Kazan bese Astrakhan Khanate. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi isifiso umbuso Russian nokwandisa ulwazi lwabo kuya Ephakathi futhi Lower iVolga, ukwazi ukufinyelela yoLwandle iCaspian, umlando ukuthi le ndawo ingase okumelwe zithuthukiswe kuleso lwesigameko ehluke ngokuphelele.

Namuhla emzini Astrakhan, ezikhangayo okuyinto balondolozwe kahle iminyaka 450, kuba abahambi amangazayo ubuhle baso nobuhle.

Umlando we edolobheni

umlando Russian omuzi aqala ngemva e 1552 ngemva kokuvinjezelwa Kazan wawa. Lokhu uphawu isiphetho yaseKazan Khanate laphelelwa ithonya layo endaweni. Astrakhan sathathwa ngo 1556, okwakusho ukuphela wokukhushulwa Ephakathi futhi Lower iVolga esifundeni Russia.

Ngenxa yokuthi indawo endala yedolobha akuphumelelanga, njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo elise asemaqeleni evulekile bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe zokuhlala ezintsha ngebhange kwesokunxele River iVolga entabeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, okuyinto ukuvikelwa zemvelo kusukela kuphangwa.

Ekuqaleni, idolobha elisha lakhiwa bokhuni wavelelwa kukhale zobumba ukuvikela, kodwa njengoba Ivan Grozny wayenesithakazelo inqaba enamandla kule sayithi ke nakanjani lapha baphonswé - abantu, imali nezinto zokwakha.

Isizathu sokuba kuhlasela YaseCrimea amabutho Turkish ngo-1569, okwakubekelwa kwawona, kodwa wabonisa lokho okushiwo Astrakhan. Ukwakhiwa itshe entsha ezibiyele kwaphawula ukuqala ukwakhiwa inqaba, emelela izici imiphakathi Orthodox ngekwehlukahlukana zabo bezizwe ezazibuthana lapha abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-Russia.

Ukwakhiwa kwehlelo itshe ezibiyele izindonga laqedwa 1589, kanye nokwakhiwa imibhoshongo yokuhlala yaqedwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII. inqaba Ubude lalinabashumayeli kwemibhoshongo eziyisishiyagalombili, ezintathu zazo zokungena emzini ziyizindlela ezingafani.

I ukushuba we izindonga namandla emangazwe bonke abangena edolobheni. Astrakhan, lapho izinto kuqale ezibiyele namuhla, liye lagcina kakhulu ngentuthuko ka isikhathi. Ahambisana Naleli izindonga ezibiyele zitholakala ngesikhathi ebaluleke kakhulu isakhiwo - arsenal of neziqhumane sela, Isigodlo, imibhoshongo yezikhulu zendawo esontweni.

Kakade engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVII, Astrakhan laliwumuzi omkhulu elinabantu ezikhulayo, kuye kwavela uhwebo evuthiwe kanye nemisebenzi yezandla.

ezibiyele

It waqala emuva lapho ukwakhiwa Ivan le Kubi le ezibiyele sika yaqedwa phakathi nokubusa Tsar Fedor Ivanovich Esikhathini Nezinkinga.

Wall ukuphakama kusuka ngamamitha amathathu kuya 9.5 nokuphezulu amamitha ezintathu aminyene babe isivikelo esihle ngokumelene nokungena YaseCrimea Khanate kanye Turkish uphinde uthole indawo. Eyinhloko yokungena emzini babe Prechistenskie esangweni, esemgwaqweni eduze Isakhiwo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ngaleso sikhathi - umbhoshongo insimbi, ehlanganisa 4 storeys.

Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke wokwakha walondoloza kusukela esikhathini ezibiyele kuyinto Zhitnyaya umbhoshongo elise ohlangothini lwaseningizimu. Kwake kwathi ngo-lakwakhe izakhiwo etholakala ngokuba yezikhali uma Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi.

Enamandla kakhulu futhi enokwethenjelwa kwaqinisa umbhoshongo, esanyatheliswa kuyi YaseCrimea Indlela futhi wathola igama elifanayo. Zamabhomu YaseCrimea AmaTatar evame, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi awaqinise ukuze simelane.

Ngaphakathi ezibiyele has eziningi zamasosha, izakhiwo civil kanye benkolo sikhathi, ezifana Cathedral of kweNyuka.

lombhishobhi

Endaweni Cathedral, okungase wavakashela namuhla, nathi sake amasonto amabili, enye yazo agugile, njengoba senziwa ngokhuni, kanti eyesibili yaba ncane kakhulu edolobheni elikhula ngokushesha.

Eyakhelwe 1710, Cathedral entsha Astrakhan iyingqayizivele yangempela sesakhiwo ngesikhathi. Cathedral siqukethe 2-eziyizitezi emathuneni ixazululwe aphansi. Bangcwatshwa amakhosi Georgian Vakhtang Sesithupha futhi Teimuraz II Metropolitan of Astrakhan Iosif Svyaschennomuchenik nezinye namalungu esigaba sabefundisi isonto.

Ingxenye engenhla lombhishobhi - ke ubanzi futhi egcwele ethempelini ukukhanya letimbili temandla amafasitela. Uma, 1702, akazange ukucwila iqoqo izakhiwo, Cathedral of kweNyuka namuhla kwakuyodingeka Dome esisodwa esikhulu. Ngenxa yalesi senzakalo, umakhi abanamakhono le nqaba Mineev Dorofei ushintshe uhlelo kokuqala lamiswao 5 domes, okuyinto manje bencoma izivakashi edolobheni kanye nezakhamuzi zendawo.

Umqhele isonto aphansi wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1707, kanti phezulu iyona kwenzeka kuphela ngemva wokwakha 1710.

Ukuba lombhishobhi esemqoka yedolobha ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka, kube bekulimele kakhulu ngesikhathi kumiswa amandla Soviet. ngo-1992 kuphela wathunyelwa emuva esontweni, futhi kwaqala umsebenzi ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo. Namuhla, kuyinto lombhishobhi zamanje, ongema phambi kwebandla bonke ubuhle bayo acwebile.

ababhishobhi Compound

ezikhumbuzo eziningi esigcinelwe uyaziqhenya namuhla emzini Astrakhan. Izikhangibavakashi eyaqala isikhathi sokwakha ezibiyele, "yasinda" kube sesikhathini samanje, hhayi zonke, kodwa egcekeni uMbhishobhi sika ukukhipha emnandi.

Compound elise ohlangothini eningizimu kweNyuka Cathedral ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVII Yayinesikhwanyana kuphela lendlu sombhishobhi. Ngu 1677 ayeyakhele eduze kwalawa makamelo itshe, futhi 1709 kukhona amasha isengezo e, ehlanganisa igama Cross Church ngokubonakala koMsindisi wethu.

Ngemva endlini sombhishobhi balinyazwa umlilo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, ke Sakhe esitezi sesithathu, futhi XIX leminyaka omunye. igceke Bishop sika njengoba sezakhiwo endala emzini ohlwini yokuvuselela, amacebo lapho bonke kamuva-add-on izosuswa ukubuyisela ukubukeka yokuqala isakhiwo.

uCyril yesonto

Enye uphawu endala kuyinto yesonto uCyril sika, elise emgwaqweni. Trediakovsky 2 (Russia, e-Astrakhan). Isizathu sokuba ukwakhiwa yayo kwakuyisimangaliso olwaboniswa li sekwedlule Holy Trinity Monastery.

UCyril wafa ngo-1576 futhi wangcwatshwa esigodlweni sezindela, futhi indlwana encane sokhuni lakhiwa phezu ethuneni. Yakhiwa ayephuli imithetho ezakha Orthodox, njengoba umnyango kwakungeyona entshonalanga ohlangothini olusempumalanga.

Amanxiwa ezindawo wesigodlo lokuqala sezindela lahlala izindonga zayo kuze 1677, kodwa kubonakala nomkakhe nezinceku zakhe, izimantshi isithombe lapho uCyril umdala wema ebhokisini ovuthayo esiphambanweni ilangabi, Astrakhan ilondolozwe kusuka umlilo.

Yokudumisa izimpawu wesigodlo izinsalela abangu zingcwatshwe eduze Isigodlo, nangaphezulu kubo Simisé indlwana itshe kuyo yonke imithetho lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Ngenxa yalokho, ahlangana izivakashi nabakhulekeli namuhla.

idolobha mhlophe

Ngokomlando, izifunda Astrakhan ukuthi kwamiswa ukuze ezindongeni ezibiyele futhi babe watshala ambalwa.

Ezakhiweni 1631 zokuhlala kanye izikebhe ujenga ngasempumalanga enqabeni esegqumeni, esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga oluqinile, futhi waziwa ngokuthi eWhite City. Nakuba le ndawo yayiyisizinda kabili ezibiyele, kwaba akwanele ngazo zonke nezihambi eziqhamuka ngakuzo emaphakathi neRussia, ngakho ngabo, settlement omusha obizwa ngokuthi idolobha zobumba. Igama kungenxa yokuthi izifunda entsha eyakhelwe i kukhale zobumba enezinqaba lokhuni.

Sengqondo eWhite City Astrakhan yesimanje ine iphethini efanayo ezikude XVII leminyaka. Sezakhiwo esekhona kwendawo kuyagcinwa Demidov egcekeni netende umbhoshongo, kuphela isikhumbuzi Engcwele isimo Monastery. Okunye futhi unesithakazelo izakhiwo kamuva kwaba izincwadi ezinjengethi izindlu abathengisi ezivela eMpumalanga kanye amathempeli.

Ngaphezu ingxenye endala yedolobha ezikhangayo Astrakhan yakhiwe ngesikhathi esizayo, kodwa abe ebalulekile Ensemble yezakhiwo kule ndawo.

Puppet Theatre

Nakuba Astrakhan Puppet Theatre kubhekwa eyasungulwa ngo-1986, ikhaya real zabaculi abacula umculo ocishe nezivakashi zabo osemusha weza ngemva kokuthuthela izindlu yangaphambili yomthengisi Bashkina ngo-1991

I ezimbili storey esakhiweni yomthengisi eyaqala Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, yathengwa ngo-1889 yi-Grigoriev yomthengisi kabusha. ukubukeka Modern litholakala kuphela ngo-1910, ngemva anezele eziningi. Ngaphambi 1917, ke ukuvalelwa amabhange kanye nezitolo ezibizayo.

isakhiwo Ezinhle, kwavele yokulungiswa ngasekuqaleni 90-yalolucwaningo ka XX leminyaka, baba efanelekayo isibonisi yamakhonsathi ezigcawugcawu. Lesi sakhiwo yamabhayisikobho upopayi kuyinto ohlwini esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo olubaluleke sikahulumeni.

Lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gabdulla Tukai

imbongi Yabantu Gabdulla Tukai kuyinto umsunguli zakudala kwezincwadi zesiTatar.

Tukai wazalelwa e Kazan ngo-1886, ngo-April 26, wafike wafela khona ngenxa yokugula ngo-1913, ngo-Ephreli 15, ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele dvadtsatisemiletiya yabo. Tatar abantu Gabdulla waqonda njengoba welungelo lapho sibhekene nabacindezeli. Imbongi ezimpini ukunyakaza yezinguquko of 1905, ukushicilela ephephandabeni, okhiphe amavesi yakhe kuveze uhambo okuningi, kwaba e-Astrakhan, Petersburg, Ufa nezinye imizi Russia.

Empilweni yalo iDemo ushiye lokungcolisa esikhulu Tukai e kwezincwadi zesiTatar. Ikhumbule ukuvakashela Astrakhan imbongi omkhulu kulendzawo yangaphambilini Tatar Emaphethelweni lesikhumbuzo ukuze Gabdulla Tukai lesikhumbuzo ngo-2013

Ngakho-ke saze saphiliswa inkumbulo umuntu munye abantu abavamile bezizwe ezihlukahlukene ngendlela emzabalazweni wokulwela itjhaphuluko nesithunzi.

Izikhangibavakashi ngaphandle Astrakhan

Hhayi kuphela izakhiwo kwalo ngokomlando Astrakhan abadumile. Izibuyekezo bathi cishe eyingqayizivele, elise 130 km kusuka edolobheni. Lapha, ngo-1965, saqala imivubukulo laveta enhlokodolobha ezweni Golden zidlamlilo, Batu elakhiwa ngo phakathi XIII leminyaka.

"USarayi-Batu" isibe evulekile Museum ngoba wathwebula "I zidlamlilo" (2011), ngemva kwalokho kwakukhona imihlobiso, njengoba eduze okuqinisekile zomlando iGolden zidlamlilo.

Namuhla kuba Museum ezimele, okuyinto ukukhiqiza imivubukulo okwengeziwe yenhloko-dolobha lasendulo.

ukudoba Astrakhan

Ayikho Luhambo kancane ngokudoba e-Astrakhan. Umuzi bekulokhu abadumile njalo njengendawo nge embonini yokudoba asethuthukile.

Kusukela ngoJulayi futhi ekupheleni kuka-October kule ndawo beze abathandi ukudoba, izindawo ezinhle kanye nezokungcebeleka salokhu Astrakhan kakhulu. On abadobi iVolga elinde nibambe enkulu carp, eyikati, whitefish futhi iphezulu. Fish kangangokuba catch ashiye ngisho Wabasaqalayo.

unyaka wonke ezokuvakasha

Ngenxa yalesi ngokuchichima ukudoba Astrakhan - a imboni yezokuvakasha inzuzo, wavula ukuzilibazisa isikhungo esisha ezindaweni nge okuhlabayo ezinhle. Astrakhan ebusika engengaphansi kukhanga kunanoma ngemaholide ehlobo.

Sikhishwe yokuthi wonke amahhotela kanye zokungcebeleka phakathi nenkathi ebandayo ishibhile, abathandi ukudoba ice kanye nezemidlalo ebusika zikhetha ukuza ngalesi sikhathi.