Gangut ulwandle impi (1714): incazelo, izimbangela, umlando kanye nemiphumela

Omunye iziqephu esimangalisa kunazo iMpi Northern, ngenxa okuyinto Russia besika "ifasitela eYurophu" yakhe edumile, kwaba Gangut impi asolwandle. Kwaba phezu Ezingakanqotshwa Russian imikhumbi Swedish kokuqala. Imemori ngakho wamisa iholidi - Day wenkazimulo lempi eRussia, okuyinto lugujwa minyaka yonke ngo-August 9, esenzeka ngalo impi.

Ukuchitheka phakathi kwemibuso mabutho amabili

Ngentwasahlobo ka-1714 eRussia walithatha lonke eningizimu Finland, futhi ingxenye enkulu yendawo APC. Kodwa yokunqoba izwe Bezingekho. Ukuze uphume kuya oLwandle iBaltic kwakudingeka uzowanqoba imikhumbi Swedish, ngokukhululekile ukulawula amanzi alo. Kuyinto le nselele futhi wakhululwa ngu-Peter mina phambi umyalo isigaba Russian.

Ngo-June, kwakukhona isidingo sokuqinisa amabutho isikaniso uqapha ethumba amasosha Russian Abu port, uyinto amasu ezibalulekile. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukuze ogwini Gangut wathunyelwa lwemikhumbi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye imikhumbi ukugwedla iphansi kwesandla sika-F. M. Apraksina. It yakhiwa ayisithupha nesikhombisa emikhunjini bese scampaways amathathu nambili (izitsha ezincane ukuthuthwa amasosha). AbaseSweden babe ayelindele ukubonakala kwendawo le mikhumbi isiRashiya, base bethuthela nokunciphisa yonke imikhumbi yabo, eliholwa Vice-Admiral Gustav Vatrangom - abanolwazi umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle, owayefundelwa ubuqili ezindabeni zezempi.

impi Gangut - duel of ukugwedla imikhumbi

Ngokungafani Russian ukugwedla imikhumbi ku izingalo Swedish iningi ngomkhumbi izitsha, okuyinto wadala izinzuzo ezinkulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kungancika ekutholakaleni izimo zezulu. Phakathi imikhumbi isitha babe frigates ezintathu, nanhlanu yempi, ngamabhomu izikhawu ezimbili-Galiota futhi emikhunjini ezinkulu ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngakho, ohlangothini abaseSweden kwaba preponderance ecacile zamabutho owenza F. M. Apraksina ukubaleka e Tverminnskuyu bay futhi uyibambe Ngibambeni seziqhingi cishe inyanga.

Ngemva kokuthola imibiko gibe, okuyinto hit ngoxhaxha isiRashiya, uPetru Ngaphuthuma usizo lwazo. kwavela Uhola isigaba kusuka Revel futhi 20 Julayi wafika Hanko. Abafisa ukuhlala-incognito, umbusi ezifihlakele igama lakhe langempela ngaphansi mbumbulu Petra Mihaylova. Lapha, ebusweni besitha, waziveza njengendlela umkhuzi abavelele asolwandle. Gangut impi asolwandle kwakuwukunqoba Russian imikhumbi ngenxa ihlanganiswe kubo uhlelo onesibindi futhi original.

hambisa Tactical kaPetru mina

Sibambe izici ezindawo yale nhlonhlo, futhi uPetru Ngakwazi tactically outplay Swedish amaphini sezempi yini. Waqalisa ukwakhiwa ingxenye encane kuba okuphambene ethekwini, okuyinto kukhiyiwe weqembu lemikhumbi Apraksin, okubizwa ngokuthi Perevoloki. Kwakuyisikhathi lwamakholi flooring amakhilomitha amabili ubude, esukela omunye ebhange komunye futhi ivumela uhudula ke ivinjiwe izitsha phesheya Peninsula Bay-Rilaks Fjord. Ukuqaliswa plan onjalo ezongenza ukukhululwa yemikhumbi ukuvinjelwa.

Phezu kokuthola lolu lwazi le scouts, Gustav Vatrang ngokushesha ihlukaniswe amabutho akhe yaba izingxenye ezimbili bese ithunyelwa emanzini Rilaks Fjord weqembu lemikhumbi, elaliholwa engemuva Admiral N. Erensheld. umsebenzi walo kwaba ukubhujiswa ngomlilo wezikhali yabo imikhumbi Russian phakathi kwakhe ezazishushumbiswa ukunqamula kulesi siqephu sezwe. Iqembu lemikhumbi elaliholwa Vice-Admiral Lille yesibili, wayengumuntu, ngokusho uhlelo lwakhe lokufundisa abantu ukuhlasela kwamabutho eyinhloko Russian. Lesi sinqumo kwaba ngempela okunengqondo, kodwa nokho equkethwe iphutha, okuyinto eyaba inhlekelele lasolwandle Swedish.

Breakthrough isigaba Russian

Lesi sigaba emabuthweni esitha futhi alusebenzisa kombusi Russian. Isimo sezulu ngalolo suku - 6 Agasti - kwaba windless nokuzola, njengoba wazi, komphangayo imikhumbi kaseyili amathuba abo main - maneuverability. Ngenxa yalesi sipho ukudalelwa isigaba lwemikhumbi Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-MH Zmaevich waqala ukuphula ukugwedla imikiswe imikhumbi Swedish emi lokubona ensimbi alenga kusukela oseyili. UNkulunkulu uvikela kungaba bamane babuke nje ukuthulisa ukufutheka isitha esiyivelakancane njengoba ibanga kakhulu phakathi kwawo futhi imikhumbi Russian awavunyelwe ukusebenzisa izibhamu.

Ngemva ekuqhumeni kuqala futhi ihlukane yesibili, ehlanganisa imikhumbi engu-15. Njengoba kwenziwa lokhu iqhinga, iyunithi Zmaevicha imikiswe enhlonhlweni futhi bamangala ephelele abaseSweden, ezungezwe izimoto zabo, elinde umhlaba ukweqa weqembu lemikhumbi Russian. Vatrang Landelayo watatazela ngokucacile. He is kakhulu ukuqubuka wasuka lamabutho ekuvimbeni weqembu lemikhumbi Apraksin, namanje e Tverminnskoy bay. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke wavula mfula ugu futhi wanika izinkantolo ithuba ivinjiwe ngokuxhuma namabutho eyinhloko ngoxhaxha ukugwedla ukuze ifohle iye ngasenkosini vanguard yemikhumbi.

Njengoba impi zenzeka Gangut

Umlando zempi asolwandle izogcina phakade emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ubufakazi ayekufezile amakhono Tactical futhi isibindi siqu amatilosi Russian. Kusukela imibhalo leyo minyaka siyazi ukuthi usuku imikhumbi beniyingxenye squad Erenshelda futhi iqoqwa eduze ogwini olusenyakatho yale nhlonhlo, futhi behlaselwa vanguard yemikhumbi yaseRussia.

Swedish Vice Admiral eyakhelwe Umucu wako phakathi, emaphethelweni awo Usufike iziqhingi. Lokhu kwabenza baba kunezinzuzo ezithile ukuze ukusetshenziswa wezikhali futhi wasiza ulwe ngowokuqala ukuhlaselwa ezimbili. Kodwa eyesithathu kwaba yingozi kubo. Kuye kwenziwa ngokumelene ezinhlangothini futhi akazange ngaleyo ndlela akuvumeli abaphikisi ukuthatha ngokugcwele inzuzo wezikhali yabo.

Kugcine boarding ukulwa, baba ukunqoba

A qiniso eliyimpicabadala: Gangut impi ngaphansi Petru 1 owokugcina, umphumela wayo kwahlonzwa boarding ukulwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngosuku lo mbusi Russian yena uphuthunyiswe bagibele umkhumbi eyaziwa, futhi ukugibela phezulu intambo ebhodini umkhumbi isitha, iyisibonelo isibindi futhi ubuqhawe. Ngokushesha yonke imikhumbi isitha bathunjwa, nalabo amalungu nabasebenza babo, ababezimisele lucky ngokwanele ukuze bahlale bephila, abangafanga baba iziboshwa.

Gangut ulwandle impi (1714) Yaphela ngokukhululwa ekuthatheni Flagship umkhumbi Swedish "Indlovu". Ngaphandle kwakhe, amaRashiya babé Trophies okwengeziwe ngemikhumbi abayishumi iphansi kwesandla sika-Vice Admiral Erenshelda. Ezinye emikhunjini yabo wakwazi ukugqashula futhi ukubalekela Åland Islands. Isiboshwa sathathwa futhi Erensheld. Nakuba kule eshisiwe ngosuku libashiyile kolwandle inja endala, it is hhayi shí ngehlazo futhi kokudutshulwa amahlandla ayisikhombisa, wanikeza amatilosi isiRashiya, kuphela singehlulwa ngenakugwemeka.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza basisebenzisa njengeHholo ukunqoba Russian

Abacwaningi banamuhla baye ngokuthi eziyinhloko, zazo kwakukhona enqobile umlando Gangutskaya impi. Kafushane ingakhishwa eyathi nobunyoninco okwaboniswa umyalo yemikhumbi isiRashiya, ukucabanga brilliant Tactical, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa izinzuzo engasindi ukugwedla imikhumbi ngaphambi ngomkhumbi - namandla kakhulu, kodwa kancane lweselula, uphinde wenze flotovodcheskie siqu ngemfanelo evelele uMbusi Petra Velikogo.

Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi kungekho ukuvumelana ngenani ukuhlaselwa ngofaka amatilosi Russian ngokumelene imikhumbi Swedish. Le nguqulo ethulwa engenhla isekelwe ubufakazi mlando isinamumva, futhi uvusa ingihlupha. Kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi kuhlasela eqinisweni eyodwa kuphela, kanti lawa amanye amabili ungumhleli kokusungulwa abaseSweden, owayefuna ngandlela-thile ukusekela esintengayo ke isithunzi izimoto zawo nokubonisa ukuthi kunqoba baya intengo Russian esindayo.

Okusho ngokuwina Gangut

Ngakho, ngalolo suku namanje kuphela abasafufusa Russian Navy kwase wanqoba empini yakhe yokuqala asolwandle. Gangut Russia wazibonakalisa abasafufusa onamandla omusha zasolwandle. Lokhu ngomfutho kakhulu sitfunti salo phakathi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu futhi bavunyelwe ukuqhuba izingxoxo i nokuwumisa esilinganayo mithi lamazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuwina 1714 impi asolwandle Gangut nomthelela inkambo jikelele besizukulwane seMpi Northern.

Ngalokhu kunqoba, Russian phansi amabutho bakwazi ukuba usebenze ngokukhululekile ogwini eGulf of Finland kanye Gulf of Bothnia. Futhi nakuba ukunqotshwa ingqikithi eSweden kwadingeka iminyaka eyisikhombisa, kodwa ngemva Battle of Poltava Gangut ulwandle impi - ukunqoba yokuqala enkulu kolwandle - ukukhombisa izwe irreversibility inqubo ngimfuze othile eRussia trendsetter kwezombusazwe emhlabeni.

Ukudlondlobala abawinile

Ngo-September 1714 abawinile wabuyela Petersburg. Lapha bahlangana izixuku izakhamuzi nomdlandla bamasha ngaphansi nemengamo esakhiwe ngokukhethekile Arc de Triomphe. Ubethula Uthwesé isithombe okhozi Russian ehlezi endaweni enhle livundle indlovu. Indlovu - ngakho ihumusha igama iwuhlelo Swedish "Indlovu." Ucedzela allegory elilotshwe ukuthi kuyindida: "Ukhozi Russian akusho ukubamba izimpukane."

Ukuze Gangut impi asolwandle uPetru ngathumba unongorwana isihloko amaphini Umkhuzi, okuyinto kwakumfanele kahle, ngenxa yendima yayo eyinhloko esithombeni umyalo imikhumbi kanye ikhono lokwenza izinqumo abanekhono esimweni wezindlela. Le miklomelo banikwa nezinye abahlanganyeli abaningi kule mpi.

Ngokushesha lapho esephindele inhloko-dolobha nabasebenza kubalwa ayizinkulungwane amatilosi izindondo "Ngenxa yokunqoba Gangut", kodwa, ngokuvumelana besikhathi, abazange babe ukuhlonipha zonke zihlukaniswa ngokwabo empini, futhi kule minyaka emibili ezayo, lokhu isibalo kathathu. imiklomelo Special engunyaza ukuba izikhulu. IRussia ahlonishwe namaqhawe, sibonga ngalo impi iwine Gangut. Sea amandla amandla ngaphandle isizathu bezilokhu kubhekwe isakhi esibalulekile amakhono ayo ukuvikela.

imikhumbi Ukuthunjwa

imikhumbi Ukuthunjwa abaseSweden baphuthunyiswe Petersburg. Bakhandwa ibekwe yomphakathi ukubuka kanye Kronverkskaya Amapayipi enyakatho ehlukanisa uPetru noPawulu Fortress phezu ingxenye ogwini, lapho wezikhali Museum namuhla. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Flagship adumile "Indlovu".

Peter Ngangiziqhenya kakhulu kuye njengoba inkumbulo nokunqoba okukhazimulayo, futhi yayala ukuba angasebenzisi ngokuzayo imisebenzi yezempi, futhi, lilungisiwe, ufika ugu ithokoze uhlobo yesikhumbuzo. Senze kanjalo. Uma yempi esesabekayo wema yasebhange kuze 1737, kodwa ebolile ngokuphelele, awuzange adiliza zokubasa.

Ibandla - yisikhumbuzo ematilosini Lodumo

Gangut impi asolwandle kwabulala eziningi isiRashiya, kodwa ngisho amatilosi Swedish ngaphezulu. Phakathi kwabo, abantu 361 ohlwini efile futhi 350 balimala. Phakathi amatilosi Russian Brave ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu 124 kwathi abangu-342 balimala kulesi sigameko. Yokudumisa ukunqoba iwine ngosuku lapho iSonto Lobu-Orthodox igubha inkumbulo St Panteleimon, ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo Petersburg. On olungaphambili lwesonto yayo kwaqinisa esiyisikhumbuzo zemabula-plaque, othi ezweni nasolwandle uxhumano, owaba nengxenye ekulweni.

Isonto esikhathini 1735-1739 GG. Wabuye wakha ngaphansi kokuqondisa wezakhiwo Russian owaziwa I. K. Korobova futhi ifinyelele kithi ngesimo olusha. Abaningi bajwayelene namazwi lesi sakhiwo, elise enkabeni yedolobha ekhoneni lomgwaqo Pestel Salt Lane. Ngakho kwathiwa immortalized ngumuntu lesikhumbuzo bokwakha Gangut impi - Russian Ukunqoba kokuqala asolwandle.

Sea izimpi for Grengam futhi ukuzivikela Hankey

Ibandla esifanayo isikhumbuzo lomunye nokunqoba okukhazimulayo yemikhumbi isiRashiya, iwine ngo 1720 e belwa imikhumbi Swedish siqhingi Grengam. Gangut zabona ubuqhawe baseRussia ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Wathi eqambe eyabizwa ngokuthi i-Hanko nhlonhlo. Phakade langena umlando ezivikela, eqale e-ngezinsuku zokuqala ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo German ngezwe lethu kanye yayithatha izinsuku 164. Mayelana nabo sifana uqwembe etholakala ngaphambi kwendlu yesonto St Panteleimon, ngakolunye uhlangothi lomgwaqo Pestel.