Umtshina wensimbi ojulile ngezandla zabo siqu: umdwebo, imiyalelo kanye nempendulo

Izimboni zensimbi zohlobo olunzulu ziyakwazi ukubona izinto ezisemhlabathini kude. Ukuguqulwa kwamanje ezitolo kuyabiza kakhulu. Nokho, kulokhu, ungazama ukwenza umtshina wensimbi ngokwakho. Ngalesi sizathu, kunconywa kuqala ukuthi uzijwayele ukuklama kokuguqulwa okujwayelekile.

Uhlelo lokuguqulwa

Ngokuqoqa umtshina wensimbi ngokwakho (umdwebo uboniswa ngezansi), kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izakhi eziyinhloko zedivayisi ziyi-damper ku-microcontroller, i-capacitor kanye nesiphathi nomnikazi. Iyunithi yokulawula emadivayisini ine-set of resistors. Ezinye izinguquko zenziwa kuma-module modulators, asebenza ngesivinini se-35 Hz. Ama-racks alungile ayenziwe ngamacwecwe amancane futhi afana namapulangwe.

Imiyalo yokuhlanganisa imodeli elula

Kulula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa umtshina wensimbi ngezandla zomuntu siqu. Okokuqala kunconywa ukuthi ulungiselele ithubhu bese unamathisela ipeni kuwo. Ukufaka i -unit unit yokulawula, izimpikiswano eziphezulu zokuziphatha zidingeka. Imvamisa yokusebenza yedivayisi incike ezintweni eziningi. Uma sicabangela ukuguqulwa kwe-diode capacitors, khona-ke banokuzwela okukhulu.

Imvamisa yokusebenza yalezo zithombi zensimbi ingaba ngu-30 Hz. Ibanga eliphakeme lokuthola le nto lingama-25 mm. Ukuguqulwa kungenzeka kwi-lithium-uhlobo lwamabhethri. Ama-microcontrollers omhlangano ayodingeka ngehlunga le-polar. Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zifakwa emagqumeni ohlobo oluvulekile. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula ukuthi ochwepheshe abaphakamisi ukusebenzisa izihlungi eziphezulu zokuzwela. Zinciphisa kakhulu ukunemba kokuthola izinto zensimbi.

Imodeli yochungechunge elithi "Pirate"

Yenza umtshina wensimbi "Pirate" ngezandla zabo siqu kuphela kuphela ngokusekelwe kusilawuli esibucayi. Nokho, okokuqala, i-microprocessor ivunwa ukuhlangana. Ukuyixhuma udinga i- blowtorch. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukusetshenziswa kwegrid capacitors ngekhono lika-5 pF. Ukusebenza kufanele kugcinwe ema-microns angu-45. Ngemuva kokufaka ama-capacitors, ungaqhubeka ukuguqula i-unit unit yokulawula. I-rack kufanele ibe namandla futhi imelane nesisindo sepuleti. Ngamamodeli angu-4 V, akunconywa ukusebenzisa amapuleti ngesisindo esingaphezu kuka-5.5 cm. Izinkomba zesistimu akudingeki zifakwe. Emva kokulungisa leyunithi, kuzodingeka kuphela ukufaka amabhethri.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-transistors e-reflex

Yenza izinambuzane zensimbi nge-transistors e-reflex ngezandla zabo zilula. Okokuqala, ochwepheshe batusa ukufaka i-microcontroller. Ama-Condensers kuleli cala azokwazi ukulinganisa uhlobo lwesiteshi sesithathu, futhi ukuqhuba kwabo akufanele kudlulele ama-microns angu-55. Ku-voltage ye-5 V, banokuphikiswa kwama-35 ohms. Abaphikisi bokuguqulwa ikakhulukazi bohlobo lokuxhumana. Banobunzima obubi futhi bangakwazi ukubhekana kahle nama-oscillation ama-electromagnetic. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium avunyelwe ukuhlangana . Ububanzi obuningi beplate ngoba lokhu kuguqulwa ngu-5.5 cm.

Isibonelo ngama-transistors wokudlulisa amehlo: ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe

Umtshina wensimbi ungahlanganiswa ngesandla kuphela ngesisekelo somlawuli wokuqoqa. Kulesi simo, ama-capacitors asetshenziswa kuma-microns angu-30. Uma ukholelwa ukubuyekezwa kochwepheshe, kungcono ukungasebenzisi izimpande ezinamandla. Kule nkinga, amandla amakhulu ezakhi kufanele abe ngama-40 pF. Ngemuva kokufaka isilawuli, kuyasiza ukwenza inyunithi yokulawula.

Lezi zimboni zensimbi zithola ukubuyekezwa okuhle ngokuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa ekuphambeni kwamagagasi. Ngalesi sizathu, kusetshenziselwa ukuhlunga okubili kwe-diode. Ukuguqulwa ngezinhlelo zokukhomba kungavamile kakhulu phakathi kokuguqulwa okwenziwe ngokwakho. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi izimpahla zamandla kumele zisebenze kumathamo aphansi. Ngakho, ibhethri lizohlala isikhathi eside.

Ukusebenzisa izimpikiswano ze-chromatic

Indlela yokwenza umtshina wensimbi ngezandla zakho? Imodeli ene-chromatic resistors ilula kakhulu ukuhlangana, kodwa kufanele icatshangelwe ukuthi ama-capacitors for ukuguqulwa angasetshenziswa kuphela emafusini. Kanti futhi ochwepheshe babonisa ukungahambisani kwama-resistors ane-pass filters. Ngaphambi kokuqala umhlangano, kubalulekile ukuthi ulungiselele ngokushesha ithubhu ye-model, okuzoba yisibambo. Khona-ke iyunithi ifakiwe. Kungcono kakhulu ukukhetha ukuguqulwa kwamamitha ayi-4, asebenza kumvamisa we-50 Hz. Unayo coefficient encane yokusabalalisa nokunemba okuphakeme kokulinganisa. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi abasesho kuleli klasi bazokwazi ukusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni zomswakama ophezulu.

Yenza isibonelo nge-diode e-pulsed zener: umhlangano, izibuyekezo

Amadivaysi anezididi ze-zener ezifakiwe ahlukaniswa ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu. Uma ukholwa impendulo yochwepheshe, ukuguqulwa okwenziwe ngokwenzayo kukwazi ukusebenza ngezinhloso zobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Uma sikhuluma ngamapharamitha, khona-ke ukunemba kwabo kokuthola kungu-89%. Qala umhlangano wedivaysi kusuka endaweni yokusebenza. Khona-ke isibambo sesimodeli senziwe.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka iyunithi yokulawula. Khona-ke isilawuli sikhiwe, esinikwe amandla yi-lithium amabhethri. Ngemuva kokufakwa kweyunithi, kungenzeka ukuba kusetshenziswe ama-solder condensers. Ukuphikisana okungekho kuwo akufanele kudlule 45 Ohm. Ukuphawula kochwepheshe kubonisa ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwalolu hlobo kungenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlunga. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi lo modeli uzoba nezinkinga ezinkulu ngokuphazamiseka kwamagagasi. Kulokhu, i-capacitor izohlupheka. Ngenxa yalokho, ibhethri yaloluhlobo lwemodeli likhishwa ngokushesha.

Ukusebenzisa i-transceiver ephansi

Ama-transceivers aphansi-amavolumu kumamodeli anciphisa kakhulu ukunemba kwamadivayisi. Noma kunjalo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwalolu hlobo kukwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngezinto ezincane. Kulesi simo, bane-parameter encane yokukhipha. Ukuze uhlangane ukuguqulwa ngokwakho, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-wired controller. I-transmitter isetshenziswa kaningi kumadidi. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhutshwa komsebenzi kuqinisekiswa ezingeni lika-microns angu-45 ekuzweleni kwe-3 mV.

Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukufaka izihlungi zegridi ezandisa ukuphepha kwamamodeli. Ukuphakamisa ukuqhutshwa komsebenzi, kusetshenziswa kuphela amamojula ohlobo oluthile. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zamadivayisi anjalo ukushiswa komlawuli. Ngokuphazamiseka okunjalo, kuyinkinga ukulungisa umtshina wensimbi ngokwakho.

Ukusebenzisa i-transceiver ephezulu

Emitholampilo ye-high-frequency ukuqoqa umtshina wensimbi elula ngezandla zabo kuphela kungase kusekelwe kumlawuli wesiguquko. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa, i-rack ngaphansi kweplate ilungiselelwe njengejwayelekile. Ukusebenza komlawuli kungenani 40 μ. Ochwepheshe abaningi abasebenzisi izihlungi zokuxhumana phakathi nomhlangano. Banokushisa okukhulu okushisa, futhi basebenza ku-50 Hz. Futhi kufanele uqaphele ukuthi kusetshenziselwa inhlangano ye-detector yensimbi ye-lithium amabhethri, okuyi-reload unit unit control. Ngokuqondile inzwa yezinguquko ifakwe nge-capacitor, ikhono layo elingafanele lidlule i-4 pF.

Isibonelo ngesikhumba eside

Ezimakethe kunamadivaysi anezinsimbi zokuhlala eside. Bema phakathi kwabancintisana nabo ngokunemba okuphezulu encazelo yezinto, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo bangasebenza emanzini aphezulu. Ukuze uhlangane ngokuzenzekelayo umodeli, i-rack ivunwa, futhi ipuleti kufanele isetshenziswe ngokulinganisa okungenani ama-300 mm.

Futhi kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukwakha idivayisi udinga isilawuli soxhumene nabo, kanye ne-expander eyodwa. Izihlungi zisetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwegridi kuphela. Ochwepheshe abaningi batusa ukufaka ama-capacitive diode, esebenza emshini we-14 V. Okokuqala, akhipha ibhethri kancane. Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi banokuziphatha okuhle uma kuqhathaniswa nemifanekiso yasendle.

Ukusebenzisa izihlungi ezikhethiwe

Akulula ukwenza umtshina wensimbi ojulile ngokwakho. Inkinga enkulu ukuthi awukwazi ukufaka i-capacitor evamile kudivayisi. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi ipuleti yokuguqulwa ikhethwe ngobukhulu buka-25 cm. Kwezinye izimo, ama-racks afakwe nge-expander. Ochwepheshe abaningi baneluleka ukuqala umhlangano ngokufakwa kweyunithi yokulawula. Kumele isebenze kumvamisa wezingekho ezingaphezu kuka-50 Hz. Kulokhu, ukuqhutshwa komsebenzi kuxhomeke kumlawuli, okusetshenziselwa imishini.

Ngokuvamile kukhethwe ngendwangu yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokuguqulwa. Noma kunjalo, izinhlobo ezinjalo zivame ukudlula, futhi azikwazi ukusebenza ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-adapters evamile, efakiwe ngaphansi kwamabhuloki ekhono. Ikhoyili yomtshina wensimbi yenziwe kusukela ebhokisini le-transceiver.

Izicelo zokuxhumana

Abaxhumene nabo kumadivayisi bafakwe ndawonye nama unit control. Ama-racks for modifications asetshenziselwa ubude obuncane, futhi amapulethi akhethiwe ngamasenti angu-20 no-30. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi idivayisi kumele ihlangane ngezimpendulo ze-impulse. Kulokhu, ama-capacitors angasetshenziswa nge-capacitance ephansi.

Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi emva kokufaka i-unit unit yokulawula kuyadingeka ukuhlunga isihlungi esikwazi ukusebenza emgodini we-15 V. Kulesi simo, imodeli izogcina ukuqhutshwa kwezinga elingu-13 microns. Ama-Transceivers avame ukusetshenziselwa ku-adapters. Ngaphambi kokushintsha umtshina wensimbi kumuntu oxhumana naye, izinga lokumelana lokungalungi lihlolwe. Amapharamitha abonisiwe angu-45 ohms.