Gas field Shtokman

I Shtokman igesi kanye condensate ensimini kubhekwa esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Itholakala Sea uBarents, emanzini okuqondene Russia.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana indawo

ensimini wezilwane isendaweni eshalofini ezonini emaphakathi aseMpumalanga-uBarents kuka. Kuthatha indawo esincane Meridian isiqondiso eduze nogu lolwandle esentshonalanga. Umhlaba Omusha. Kuka isakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona nezigodi ezijulile: waseNingizimu kanye North kanye uBarents Sea Nansen. Basuke ahlukaniswe lesifunda ukuphakamisa-sehhashi. AseNingizimu naseNyakatho ingxenye megasedlovinoy ahlukaniswe. Kuhlanganisa 3 imali elikhulu eshalofini - ice, Shtokman futhi Ludlovskoe. Lesi sakamuva kubhekwa umthombo ivolumu enkulu. Okokuqala okubili ezibhekwa esiyingqayizivele.

ukuthola

Shtokman cwaningo ensimini kwaqala ngo-1981. Bebe bephishekela Ucwaningo olunzulu Geophysical we uBarents-Kara Basin. Umsebenzi owenziwa izisebenzi "Severomorneftegeofiziki" isitsha ucwaningo "UDkt wezilwane Ave". Yingakho igama lalowo isayithi. Drilling we Shtokman gas field waqala ngo-1983. Imithombo sokuqala kwaqala nge "Valentin Shashin" futhi umkhumbi "Viktor Muravlenko". I we ukuhlola kahle kuqala ukujula kwaba 3153 amamitha. Ngenxa yalokho, Drilling ezifakwa ezimbili ziye zatholakala.

Izici pool

I Shtokman gas field itholakala 550 ukusuka Murmansk (enyakatho-mpumalanga). Izwe eliseduze agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye Novaya Zemlya (300 km). Ukujula kwamanzi esifundeni kusuka 320 kuya 340 m Izitoke Shtokman -. Mayelana 3,94 trillion. ^M3. I condensate elikhona imali eyizigidi ezingu-56,1. T. Ubona izakhiwo phansi soft futhi ebuthaka yesimanje phezu phansi. umthamo kwabo-8 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nenhlabathi ezivamile ecashile elithambile, okuyizinto 4-24 m umthamo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ebusweni kuka ngokuhamba ukusebenza echibini iminyaka 15-25 kuzoholela ukwakheka zone lemcoka endaweni subsidence elisemcengezini, engesiyo ukujula engaphansi kuka-10 m.

amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa

Ukuze ucwaningo nentuthuko yasendle Shtokman inkampani ezikhethekile kwamiswa ngonyaka 2002. It has a ilayisensi ukuthuthukiswa kowokuqala 2018 kwamiswa Inkampani ngu "Gazprom" futhi "Rosneft". Kugcine ngo-2004, kuye kwathengwa esigxotsheni yayo uzakwethu. Okwamanje, ukusebenza insimu LLC "Gazpromneft-eshalofini". Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project Kusolwa ngesisekelo isivumelwano on ukukhiqizwa ukwabelana. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ukukhiqiza kwakuhlelwe at 22 bhiliyoni. M ³ / ngonyaka. Ingxenye izinsiza okuhloswe ukuba aqondise ukukhiqizwa gas kuncibilike. Lo mkhiqizo senzelwe iphrojekthi ukuthekelisa USA. Ngo ne. Teriberka esisogwini Peninsula Kola, obekumele ukwakha isitshalo futhi ukuphela. Inkampani ukuphathwa kulindeleke ukuheha insimu Shtokman of zimali angaphandle. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba adlulisele izinkampani nesithakazelo ku-49% we-pool. Ngo-September 2005, uhlu ngasondelana phezulu, ezazihlanganisa 5 izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe - abangaba ababambiqhaza sokuthuthukiswa ensimini Consortium. Nokho, ekuqaleni kuka-October 2006, "Gazprom" kumemezela ukuthi akekho kubona enikeziwe amafa ahlobene. Kule ndaba, umsebenzisi kugcwele uye wahlala inkampani yasekhaya. Nokho, ngenxa yezinguquko plan ukuheha zimali angaphandle, kwatholakala ukuthi emkhakheni Shtokman buhlangene isikhathi eside. Okwenza isimo sibe sibi isimo sezulu elibuhlungu Arctic, amabanga amade ukusuka ogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwemithombo ukujula enkulu kudinga ezifanele ukukhiqizwa futhi zokuthutha ubuchwepheshe. inkampani Domestic amathuba anjalo esingenayo. Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa, izimali ezidingekayo kufanele kube 15-20 bln. USD. Uma echibini at ngokugcwele amandla ukukhiqizwa umthamo kuyoba bhiliyoni 67. M ³ / ngonyaka.

isigaba esisha

Phakathi no-July ka-2007 emva ingxoxo yocingo phakathi Sarkozy futhi uVladimir Putin, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi uzakwethu entsha monopolist yasekhaya "Gazprom" kuyoba corporation Ubude French. Wayefanele ukuthola 25% wamasheya. Labo abasele abanga-24% ngifinyelele nezinye abalingani angaphandle. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isinqumo bekungenxa yokuhluleka ukuthobela ngcono elibukhali ubudlelwane phakathi Russia nase France. 24% wamasheya asele idluliselwe inkampani StatoilHydro yeNorway.

Ubunzima

Ukuqalisa iphrojekthi wadala ngo-2008, inkampani "Gazprom Neft Shelf" womhlaba, 100% okungewakho "Gazprom". Inkampani elalisanda kumiswa umiswe opharetha 1 no-2 izindawo izigaba ukuthuthukiswa. I "Gazprom" Ekupheleni kuka-August ka-2012 kanye nabalingani bayo ngamazwe ivumelene ngetingucuko ukumiswa okwesikhashana ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo. Ngenxa isinqumo kwaba izindleko eliphezulu kakhulu futhi abasafufusa amaphrojekthi amasha ukuthola oluthambile imithombo. Kusukela search waqala ngokukhethwa kukho ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo. Ngo-October 2012, uMongameli we-Russian Federation wathi kufanele ukuba asayine isivumelwano phrojekthi. Peskov ukuthi ukwakhiwa owawuyoqala ngaso ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka 2017. Kusukela ngo-December 2012, le phrojekthi waqala futhi ukuqaliswa. Kusukela ngomhla ka-Januwari 2013th emncintiswaneni Kwakuhlelwe ukucacisa umklami zalesi sihlahla esizayo.

Isici kwezomnotho

Inkambu Shtokman ubhekwa kakhulu semali eningi. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima, kodwa kungagcini ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Kule ndaba, njengoba yezinjongo eziyinhloko iphrojekthi, kanye ukuzuzwa yamazinga aphezulu okungabi ukukhiqizwa, yilezi:

1. Ukwehla umthwalo utshalomali.
2. Isiqinisekiso kokuthola izinkomba phrojekthi.
3. Ukwethulwa kwe kungenzeka ukuba senze ukulungisa inkambo ilungiselelo waqala ukusebenza.

Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga kungenzeka kwenzeka lokho, ngokusho kongoti, emkhakheni Shtokman ezothuthukiswa kancane kancane. Kule ndaba, kwemukelwa okusalungiswa sihlinzekela ukuthuthukiswa zensimu ukwenyuka ikhishiwe ku amakhono okulingana phezu izingxenye 3rd wechibi. Ngakho, abelwe izigaba ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo limelela kwethulwa isixha entsha: platform eyodwa - umugqa omunye kwamanzi wegesi - obuthathu ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi isitshalo LNG (noma amapayipi ezweni). Lapho ufika esigabeni sesithathu uzoqala phezu imingcele babeka phansi okusalungiswa. Inzuzo yokudayisa imikhiqizo esigabeni ngasinye kungenziwa reinvested ekuthuthukiseni olwengeziwe.

Imininingwane ukudoba olwandle

Le ndawo zokukhiqiza igesi ngevolumu dolobha ukutshalwa namuhla isikhundla evelele. At sea ukudoba seyihlanganisa 48% azo zonke izimali ukuthuthukiswa umcengezi. Isisindo kanye nosayizi kanye nezinye izici uhlelo abe negalelo elikhulu design igesi kanye condensate at Shtokman.

imishini

Isici esiyinhloko zobuchwepheshe lenhlangano lokudoba olwandle endaweni ekhethiwe platform ice ukumelana semi ngwenya. It yenzelwe imishini kanyekanye kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo nelungiselelo ngesikhathi imilomo isayithi. ongakhetha Okungenzeka wayesengaba ezisekelweni ezifana Spar kanye TLP. indawo Ngamunye wabo kulindeleke ukuba usethe wonke eyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa imishini imishini, amayunithi zobuchwepheshe ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa emkhakheni igesi kukhiqizwa. Lesi sakamuva kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ezokuthutha owodwa esigabeni of izinto zokusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa amapayipi. Design ezingeni besizwe ibangelwa kokufaka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene Shtokman amapulatifomu ezintathu. Ngamunye wabo sidla ngokusebenzisa 3 kahle uhlelo. Le phrojekthi ihlinzeka sokusabalalisa iyunifomu kulo idiphozi endaweni. platform ngamunye lihlotshaniswa ogwini izindawo nge iphayiphi. Ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa ukuvimbela ukwehluleka in lonke uhlelo, wonke amasayithi axhumene i iphayiphi ezengeziwe.

isiphetho

Ukuphenywa emkhakheni Shtokman kudinga Yiqiniso, imali eningi. Nokho, ukukhula kwawo sizonikeza amavolumu enkulu of izinto zokusetshenziswa ngonyaka. Inkambu itholakala endaweni kunalokho okungekuhle. Injongo le project iwukuba usuku nokwandisa izindleko. Ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane emkhakheni bayoxazulula izinkinga eziningi, ukuthola izimali ezidingekile reinvestment. Lokubaluleke kakhulu, nokho abalingani angaphandle kanye nezimali.