Golitsyn Manor: Museum, ipaki kanye isonto

Ezinsukwini tsarist Russia imikhaya yizicukuthwane kwadingeka izigodi omkhulu. Ngemva inguquko ka-1917 futhi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, bambalwa lucky ngokwanele ukuze usinde. Golitsyn Manor - omunye izigodi, okuyinto ngasinda izenzakalo zomlando nzima, usubuyiselwe, babé iminyuziyamu, wafika ngaphansi kwesivikelo uhlelo Russian Federal. Ngaphakathi egcekeni walondoloza Manor izakhiwo enamaphiko, nezinkomo ihhashi ngamamitha, ebaziwe, ipaki, amathempeli ...

Indaba Manor futhi igama layo

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala sendawo lapho kamuva kwaba ifa Prince Golitsyn, ubheke ekhulwini XVII. She fanele Ugresha Monastery kanye esigayweni. Kamuva, ngo-1702, wayiswa ku kwelifa loonyana Georgiy Stroganov, indodana i usozimboni ayeqhamuka umndeni esihle. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba Echibini esigayweni, bese Ogwadule ezizungezile.

Ngo 1716, kwaqala umsebenzi wokwakha isonto, okwakubekelwa ngayingcwelisa yokudumisa Isithonjana Our Lady of Blachernae. Ngemva kokuphothulwa ukwakhiwa Kuzminki izindlu iqanjwe kabusha e Vlakhernskoe. Igama wanikezwa kudala ukuthi akekho uyakhumbula, nganoma isiphi isizathu, njengoba nje esigayweni zihlanganisa: ngabe umnikazi odlule kwaba Kuzma, noma sezindela Kuzma futhi egqoka amagama kaDaniyeli. Noma kunjalo, ngo-1740, uGeorge Stroganov uthola Kuzminki lisetshenziswa kuphela, futhi kancane kancane waqala ukubhekwa ucala kutfutfukisa. Kulapho Echibini yadalwa, okuyinto okuye kwalondolozwa kuze kube manje.

Ngo umnikazi omusha ifa

Ngo-1757, umnikazi ifa iba ukuxegiselwa , Prince Golitsyn , Mikhail Mikhailovich - indodana omunye imindeni ovelele odumileyo, umfowabo Usekela-Shansela. Emndenini wabo kwakukhona amagatsha amane, inzalo ezintathu yokuphila namuhla. Ngemva umshado wakhe u-Anne Stroganov Golitsyn lithole ngoba isipho sakhe ngesimo 518 amahektare amaningi endawo kanye izindlu uqobo Vlakhernskoe. Yahlala in the ifa lomndeni kwesikhulu kuze inguquko.

Ukuthuthukiswa Manor

Ngemva komshado, indodakazi Stroganov inxuluma Golitsyn e Kuzminki ekuqaleni zishintshe. Indlu endala yaphinde yakhiwa, eziningi abayinakanga landscape design. Ikakhulukazi wendlale emangalisayo emadanyini ezine, okungase ukufisa ngesikhathi samanje. IsiZulu epaki ezaba isibonelo indima bomhlaba kanye nezicukuthwane engumakhelwane. Cishe kuzo zonke izakhiwo zabuye zakhiwa: Emaphethelweni, ihhashi nezinkomo ngamamitha, esontweni, emtateni.

Ngemva kokufa Prince Michael wangena ifa indodana yakhe - uSergei Mikhailovich (ngokusho kwabanye izitatimende - Umzukulu). Ngaphansi mansion Golitsyn "Kuzminki" isibe ngakho eyaziwa kahle ngobungcweti bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo, okuyinto ke uma kuqhathaniswa ne emzini Pavlovsk futhi ePeterhof eduze Petersburg.

SM Golitsyn kwaba usozimboni ezinkulu eziphethwe yensimbi Foundry. Zonke obukhulu kuzo landscape izakhiwo, ezifana amasango, amabhentshi kanye eziqoshiwe kwaphonswa kubo. Ukwakha ezikhumbuzo, izibani, girandole nezinye izinhlobo ezincane lathumela Prince abamenyiwe abaculi ezifana Rossi, Kompioni, AG Grigoriev, A Voronikhin, M. Bykovsky nabanye. Yaphenduka wobuciko isakhiwo, landscape design, the Golitsyn izindlu e Kuzminki ngokuthi Versailles Russian phakathi abathandi art.

I okunye isiphetho izindlu

Manor enhle manje landiswa kokufa Sergei Mikhailovich Prince. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe Manor Prince Golitsyn "Vlakhernskoe-Kuzminki" wadlulela umshana wakhe Mikhail Alexandrovich, owakhonza njengelungu inxusa eSpain. I izindlu wacishe akazanga.

Kamuva inxuluma Golitsyn e Kuzminki waya indodana yakhe, uSergei Mikhailovich. I izindlu kufika incithakalo ... Prince wathutha e Dubrovitsy, kunciphisa abasebenzi yezinceku, igumbi Rents Villas. Kukhona ngisho yaqedwa izakhiwo eziningana kwezivakashi.

Lapho ifa Golitsyn waya indodana yakhe, uSergei Sergeyevich, kwaba kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ingxenye izakhiwo izindlu kwalethwa esibhedlela amaphoyisa. Ngenxa ukunganaki kwabo, kwaba khona umlilo, watshisa indlu Manor kanye West iphiko - lezizakhiwo zazenziwe ngokhuni.

Ngo-1918, izindlu Golitsyn ukuthi ephethwe yi-Institute of kokulinganisa Wezilwane. Imikhiqizo equkethe lezi zinsimbi eziyigugu zisusiwe esivuna isimo esisha, yobuciko yensimbi uthele zithunyelwa smelter. Kusukela ubudala ebandla iholide ekhaya. Ngo-1941, naphezu bombardment njalo ibutho lamaJalimane, le Golitsyn izindlu cishe ayiphazamiseki.

Ngo-1960 ifa wangena ukunganakwa, wathola isimo lesikhumbuzo. Kuzminki Ipaki isibe yiholidi uya khona futhi iyisikhungo imicimbi yamasiko.

egcekeni

Kuzminki (Museum-bezindlu) ekuqaleni kwami embukisweni othi "The egcekeni." Kuhlanganisa izakhi eziningi ezidinga ukucatshangisiswa ekhethekile: I Manor House, iWest ne-East amaphiko, kwangaphakathi Bridge, Main eGcekeni amasango, kocingo egcekeni futhi umGibhithe inkundla (ekhishini).

igceke Front kwadalwa wezakhiwo Igor Egorov Ukuze ukwehlukanisa ke kusukela lonke insimu, wayezungezwe ucingo futhi lizungezwe nomsele, okuyinto yagcwala amanzi ngesikhathi Golitsyn. Ukuze ngifike kuleyo ndlu Manor kungaba ngokusebenzisa kwangaphakathi Ibhuloho benezihlanti. Njengoba ehlelwe yi zonke izakhiwo kwakudingeka ibonakale, ngakho egcekeni ukuthi lihlotshiswe imbali imibhede nezihlahla ongaphakeme. inkundla waseGibhithe lalisetshenziswa njengesibhedlela ekhishini.

Ensemble "Kuzminki Park"

Kuze kube manje, Kuzminki Ipaki kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi esikhumbuzo bemvelo izakhiwo. Kuyinto ngesiNgisi kanye amapaki isiFulentshi, wendlale Kuzminskaya amachibi, Little House edamini, Imigede, ingonyama emtateni. Amapaki manje cishe usuvulekile emphakathini, izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene agcinwe kubo. Vula izivakashi kanye amachibi omangalisayo. Ukukhethwa kuphela ingxenye insimu okuqondene isikhungo.

I wendlale siqukethe amachibi ezine: Upper Kuz'minskii, Lower Kuz'minskii, Shibaevsky, Pike. Esisogwini ingonyama zasesikhumulweni semikhumbi kuqala. Yaqala naye phambi ngesikebhe. Phakathi amachibi engenhla nengezansi, phezu kwedamu, esizeni indlu wangaphambili isigayo kabusha. It elibamba kuzivakashi bahlala ubusuku.

Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi ke wawuseduze Umculo inkundla, manje esiqhutshwa cabaret lokwentiwako, futhi ngakolunye - amabili mainsail - odnoarochnogo futhi emithathu lwaleli. Esikhathini ukusebenza lokuqala waseshashalazini abangu okuhleliwe ngesikhathi Golitsyn iphoqa Sebawoti nezivakashi. On osebeni Lower Pond Aviary elise, esagcina zakhiwa sokukhanda.

Ithempeli ubuphansi

Golitsyn Manor lethiwa yesibili yingenxa lelithempeli. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Unikeze wangaphambili umnikazi Stroganov izigodi uhlu blachernitissa. Ukugcina ke, kanye esontweni wokhuni eminyakeni 1716-1720 lakhiwa.

Golitsyn kabusha ibandla - manje izindonga zawo zazenziwe itshe. amabutho sikaNapoleon ezibhuqiwe, kodwa ngemva kwempi abanikazi izindlu ziye abuyisela nethempeli, abafake iconostasis zemabula, iwashi embhoshongweni wesonto, futhi enikezela kabusha.

Ngemva 1929 yaqedwa phansi 3rd, isonto lokuqala aphenduka ehostela bese kusevisi Institute izakhiwo. Ngemva 1990 esontweni wayiswa besifunda-bhishobhi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi kwalungiswa.

Kanjani ukuze uthole Kuzminok

Eqinisweni, umnyuziyamu, lapho namuhla limelela isimo we Golitsyn e Kuzminki, akusiyo kuphela izinto siye echazwe. Lokhu Gazebo, ebaziwe, ihhashi nezinkomo egcekeni nokunye okuningi. Ngolunye usuku ukuhlola zonke nemibukiso nje ngingenaso ngokwanele, ngakho kungcono eze lapha izikhathi ezimbalwa.

Ukuze ngifike kuleyo Museum-estate akunzima. Enough ukuya "Kuzminki" metro station futhi kufanele ahambe imizuzu engu 15-20. Ngakho ungathola emnyango main Museum. Ukuze ufike ngokushesha a ukuvezwa ezithile izindlu, ungasebenzisa Shuttle, kodwa ngoba akuvamile uhambe ngokushesha abayohlanganyela esitimeleni noma nihambahambe.