Umsebenzi wokuphatha-indawo division of Russia: Umlando kanye yesimanjemanje

division Administrative-indawo ingenye yezingxenye eyinhloko welithi "uwuhlobo oluthile lukahulumeni." Umkhuba lamazwe ahamba phambili, kanye nakho ahlukahlukene wezwe lakithi kufakazela ukuthi kanjani ngokuphumelelayo ahlelwe ngokuya indawo yezwe kuncike, phakathi kokunye, ukuthuthukiswa ngenhlalakahle yezomnotho kanye nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi.

ukwehlukana Administrative ezimweni yesimanje iwumbuso zomthetho izikhungo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngawo akagcini ngokunikeza ukulawula jikelele zensimu, kodwa futhi inikeza kudingekile zezombusazwe, ngemibono isisekelo kanye nezenhlalakahle ukuze ukuqhubeka umphakathi.

Lesi sigaba zokuphatha-indawo kwesikhathi Russian Empire, cishe yaba sesimweni ekuso manje kwamiswa ngisho ngaphansi uCatherine II. Kwakuthinta phakathi nokubusa kwakhe yonke Izwe lahlukaniswa laba izifundazwe 50, nakho zihlukaniswe izifunda. Kuwufanele benaka iqiniso lokuthi division zokuphatha-indawo eRussia ngaleso sikhathi yayisekelwe hhayi uphawu kazwelonke noma iyiphi zomlando, kodwa kuphela isibalo sabantu. Ngakho, kulesi sifundazwe kwaba njengengxenye yensimu, elinabantu 300 kuya kwezingu-400 abantu.

Lesi sigaba indawo Russia wajaha Izinjongo eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zindawo lula kakhulu ukuphatha, ukuzigcina uphephile futhi zenza abantu bendawo ukuba ungakhokha intela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe inani elifanayo izakhamuzi Umhlaba wawusuveza kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa izintela, cishe nsé intela, ngakho ukungalingani eqinile babengenabo ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho ezindaweni ezithile. Ekugcineni, okwesithathu, division of the ezweni, ezinabantu abaningi namanxusa yobuzwe babo ikakhulukazi, izifundazwe ezimbalwa kwadingeka, ngokusho iziphathimandla emaphakathi, ukuze kakhulu ukunciphisa isifiso kwabo inkululeko futhi separatism.

Ngokuphambene kakhulu ezinye izimiso, enifeza division zokuphatha-indawo eRussia, wahosha abaholi nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bona iyahola ukubeka zibheke komnotho wenarha yabo boke ukwehlukana ezindaweni ezithile kanye nezifunda, futhi ngakolunye, - izinhloko kokubili eU.SSR RSFSR, ayikwazanga lula kangaka ukuba uchithe kusukela isifiso yenombolo bezizwe ukuthola okungenani ukuzimela kwamasiko futhi indawo . Ngezinye izikhathi lezi Amathrendi ingqubuzana nomunye, okuholela ezihlukahlukene izinguquko isakhiwo sendawo yezwe.

Ngakho, eminyakeni yokuqala kwamandla Soviet kwakukhona inqubo disaggregation bezifunda ubudala yenkosi, okwaholela ukuvela ezindaweni ezifana Sverdlovsk, Cherepovets noma Tsaritsynskaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenkathi efanayo babekhona imfundo yomphakathi omusha, okuyinto namuhla bambalwa abantu khumbula - Khulumani yama-Jalimane we iVolga esifundeni, North-Caucasus republic, Lithuanian-Belarusian Republic nabanye.

Ngemva kwalokho, ukuhlukahluka zokuphatha kanye indawo yonke salandelwa isakhiwo esicacile, ezazihlanganisa ukuphathwa system ezintathu uqimba: esifundeni (Region) - District - izindawo. Ngemva maphakathi nawo-1930. districting sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi kungahlakaniphile, division zokuphatha-indawo ye RSFSR yokutholwa kwindlela likhona kuze kube kuwa-USSR.

Lesi sigaba indawo ye Russian Federation, kokuba ngofuzo kakhulu kusukela nenkathi yamaSoviet, kushintshile kokubili quantitatively futhi qualitatively. Ikakhulukazi, esikhundleni republic 16 ezizimele ukuthi beniyingxenye RSFSR, manje esibalelwa 21 republic isiRashiya, amalungelo nenkululeko lapho zithuthukiswa kakhulu.

Cishe zonke izifunda ezizimele, ngaphandle ezifundeni bamaJuda kanye ezizimele futhi wathola isimo republic, ngokucijile ukugqama amasimu futhi izifunda. Isimo esisha yezihloko WaseRussia kugcizelelwe hhayi kuphela nguMthethosisekelo, esenziwa ngo-1993, kodwa futhi izivumelwano zamazwe amabili okuye esiphakathi Centre kanye izifunda njengoba ekuseni njengoba 1990.

Lesi sigaba zokuphatha-indawo Russia manje sidlula endaweni sikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yokuthi izikhonzi eziningi akakwazi ngokuzimela fulfill bo bopho yomphakathi, ngakolunye - ukuze kusekhona ukungezwani futhi ingozi womaya separatist eziningi republic kazwelonke.