HACCP - kuyini? I HACCP izinga uhlelo: Izimiso, ukuqaliswa, ukuqeqeshwa, isitifiketi

HACCP uhlelo - umqondo jikelele ukuhlonza, ukuhlolwa kanye nokuphathwa izingozi yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani. Ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi, futhi isifinyezo imele "Hazard Analysis ezibucayi amaphoyinti okulawula". Kutfutfukiswa HACCP lwaluqala 60s kwekhulu elidlule e-United States. Namuhla, uhlelo usebenza emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sihloko sizodingida izinkinga esikhulu HACCP: ukuthi kuyini, kungani idingeka, ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nokunye.

izici Jikelele

Umbuzo oyinhloko ephakama abantu abangakaze ezwa lo HACCP emelela - "? Kuyini". HACCP - uhlobo ngamazwe ukuphepha zokukhiqiza nenqubomgomo. Uhlelo inikeza GCWELE ENGAMELA BONKE izigaba ukukhiqizwa kokudla. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuze ezibucayi ukulawula amaphuzu - esigabeni ne okuhlushwa eliphakeme yezinto eziyingozi. Izimiso HACCP washayelwa ukuze bangabizwa tingeniswe nobe ngasiphi ingxenye ukukhiqizwa kokudla.

ukuphathwa izinhlelo eyakhelwe ngesisekelo HACCP, ubhekwa ukudla nokuphepha izinhlelo. isimo ngasinye has imithetho yayo elawula inhlonipho izimiso ka HASP. E-Ukraine DSTU, kanti eRussia - GOST.

HACCP ukulawula izici, imibandela kanye izinto, e ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne umkhiqizo ukudla kungaholela ekulimaleni, ukugula noma ukufa. Lezi zici kungabandakanya: begazi, zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba. Ake sicabangele uhlobo ngalunye ngokuhlukile.

yemvelo

Ukuze lolu hlobo eyakhe izingozi zibangelwa amagciwane (virus, ama-bacterium, izimuncagazi noma isikhunta), okuyinto alinikezi izimo kwezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo esihle biohazard angasebenza microflora pathogenic, esetshenziselwa ukususa inqubo pasteurization.

chemical

Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa molecule izinto:

1. Kuqukethwe izilwane nezitshalo ifomu yabo yemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-amakhowe anobuthi.
2. Kungezwe ngendlela ngenhloso yokutshala nokucubungula imikhiqizo. Lezi izinto kungaba ephephile kuphela uma ukuzisebenzisa sihlangabezane izindinganiso HACCP. Isibonelo izinto ezinjalo: izibulala-zinambuzane, imithi ebulala ukhula nokunye.
3. Kwangathi singene umkhiqizo ukudla kungengamabomu, isibonelo by ukwelashwa amakhemikhali impahla emaphaketheni.
4. Imiphumela esimisweni sokuzivikela kuphela abanye abathengi. Sikhuluma ikakhulukazi mayelana nomzimba.

ngokomzimba

Izingozi eziphathekayo labo izinto okungafanele kube ukudla ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Bangena kuyo senqubo yokukhiqiza kanye kungabangela umonakalo ezinkulu zempilo. Lezi zihlanganisa: izinsalela ngengilazi, ukhuni chips, amatshe, metal shavings, nokunye.

Izinzuzo HACCP

Kuyini, wonke umuntu uyazi wobunjiniyela, njengoba isingeniso zalesi simiso emsebenzini ibhizinisi inikeza eziningi akugcini nje ngokuzuzisa kubakhiqizi, kodwa umsebenzisi ekupheleni umkhiqizo. Inzuzo enkulu, yebo, ngenxa ezingeni lelisetulu ukuphepha umkhiqizo futhi ngenxa yalokho, ube sezingeni anda ikhasimende ukwethembeka. Kodwa kunezinye izinzuzo:

1. ukusabela ngokushesha ukuze sezinkinga ezihlobene nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
2. Ukuncishiswa ukulahlekelwa.
3. amathuba okusha emakethe.
4. Ukwandisa umthwalo abasebenzi.

Izimiso HACCP

Njenganoma iyiphi uhlelo, kusekelwe izimiso ezithile HACCP. Kuyini, siye kakade asebenzelana ngayo. Manje siyathola ukuthi yini ohlelweni. uhlelo yokuphepha kokudla has izimiso ezithile. isicelo sabo ikuvumela ukuhlonza ngokushesha izingozi futhi ukuze uqale ukulawula kubo ngaphambi kokuba udale buyingozi. Seven zalezo zimiso, futhi ngayinye kuwo kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile.

ingozi ukuhlaziywa

Ukwethulwa HACCP kule nkampani iqala nge ukuhlaziya ingozi. Kunenkolelo ukunquma izingozi engalawuliwe ukuthi nge awokuthi zingayilimaza impilo yabantu. Uhlaziyo ihlanganisa zonke izithako esetshenziswa abahilelekile, kanye ukukhiqizwa ngokwaso and uphiko lwayo izigaba. Umbuzo wokuvikela uphenyo ngokuhlukile izinga umkhiqizo. Isici esiyinhloko plan HACCP Yileso ukuhlaziywa ingozi. Uma-ke isahlulelo ngendlela efanele, khona-ke uhlelo ngeke kukuzuzise.

Uhlaziyo kuholela:

1. Ukuthola izinto eziyingozi kungenzeka futhi ukuhlonza izinyathelo ukuphatha kwabo.
2. Ukuhlonza izinyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yibhange.
3. Incazelo izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Ngakho, kuleli qophelo idala ngesisekelo uzingela amaphuzu control (isimiso yesibili kohlelo).

Hazard ukuhlonza yenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. On the ochwepheshe lokuqala hlaziya: izithako, imishini, izenzo abasebenzi, umkhiqizo wokugcina, kanye nezindlela ukugcina futhi ukusabalalisa umkhiqizo. Zonke izingozi ethulwa ohlwini. Esigabeni sesibili ngamunye nobungozi ukuhlola ngokuya kobukhulu umonakalo ukuthi kungabangela. Izingozi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka degree of ukubaluleka kanye ethulwa in ifomu tabular.

Ukunqunywa ezibucayi control amaphuzu

Le nqubo kubalulekile ukulawula, ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ingozi. Ukukhomba amaphuzu ezibucayi iyona okuzolawulwa izingozi ohlelweni HACCP. Control wenziwa ezindaweni lapho kungenzeka ukugwema ingozi noma ukunciphisa ukukhinyabezeka kwayo ibe mincane. Kufanele kuhlelwe kahle futhi ibhalwe. amaphuzu ezibucayi zisetshenziselwa kuphela imikhiqizo ukuphathwa nokuvikeleka. Lokhu kungaba izinto ezifana: kokuhlola khona kodaka izithako, ehlola khona kuzo amanyela metallic, ukwelashwa ukushisa nokunye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo izindlela ezifanayo ukukhiqizwa kungenzeka ingozi ezahlukene, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amaphuzu esibucayi.

Ukunqunywa amagugu ezibucayi

Kubuka ngco - esiphezulu noma inani eliphansi of ipharamitha elilawulwa ngaleso sikhathi esibucayi. Le nkomba liyadingeka ukuze bakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezimo ephephile futhi ezingaphephile ibhizinisi kwelinye noma elinye iphuzu.

Ngamunye iphoyinti lokulawula ngokuvamile has a imingcele embalwa, amagugu ezibucayi kubalwa. zindlela ezibucayi kanye nezinkomba kufanele kuqoshwe namazinga inkampani, iziqondiso kanye namanye amadokhumenti.

Ukusungulwa kwezinqubo zokuqapha

Monitoring - inkambo kuhlelwe isinyathelo ngenxa ukulawula nokulinganisa ngobuningi ethize ezindaweni ezibucayi. Ngu zokuqapha, unga:

1. Landelela intuthuko imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Uma kukhona ukuthambekela kuya isilinganiselo inkomba nenani ezibucayi, ungakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezidingekayo, ngaleyo ndlela isixwayiso imiphumela okungafunwa.
2. Thola ukuhlukahluka lwezikhombo amaphuzu esibucayi.
3. Bajwayelane bodokotela ukuphepha nokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwezilinganiso izinga imikhiqizo.

Izindlela zokuqapha ingase ixhomeke endleleni ubunjalo kanye nenani ezibucayi ukulawula amaphuzu, imfuno ukuphepha ethize nokulawula ububanzi imikhawulo. Abasebenzi ukuthi uqaphe ube ngumnikazi ngokugcwele izindlela ezikhethiwe kanye mishini ekhethekile. Imishini salokhu inqubo Kuphoqelekile ayikwazi ukukala futhi yaqinisekiswa njengengxenye izidingo iyunifomu kohlelo HACCP.

Control, uma kungenzeka, kumelwe abe okuqhubekayo. Kuze kube manje, kukhona izindlela eziningi nokuqapha okuqhubekayo nge kokungathembeki izilinganiso. Okuvame kakhulu wabo - ngosizo tinhla tekutikhumbuta. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha inqubo ukuqapha, kufanele makudle indlela eqhubekayo.

Esimweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukuba bafeze le nqubo imodi okuqhubekayo, a amasheke ethile isethi imvamisa. Kufanele kube yokuthi ukulawula inqubo ngamunye amaphuzu ezibucayi sasiqinisekiswe. Ukuqopha imiphumela zokuqapha kufanele kube isheke eyabhalwa kanye zokuqala sokuhlolwa.

Ukunqunywa izenzo zokulungisa

Uhlelo HACCP yakhelwe hhayi kuphela ukunquma izingozi, kodwa futhi amasu tekuvikela yabo, ukuqedwa, noma okungenani banciphise ingozi kumthengi. Akwenzeki njalo ukufeza irekhodi ukuphepha ephelele. Ngeziphambeko kusukela izidingo kungenzeka ngokuphelele yimuphi umkhakha. HACCP uhlelo ihlose ukunciphisa kungenzeka yokuthola imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephansi kumthengi.

Ngaphansi izenzo ezinjalo zokulungisa befanele inqubo:

1. Ukuhlonza Nokubhekana izimbangela sokungalandeli umthetho.
2. Ukunqunywa endaweni lapho kwehluleka kwenzeka.
3. Ukubhalisa owabanjwa mhlaka ukulungiswa izinyathelo.

Ngayinye ezibucayi ukulawula iphuzu athuthukile uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ka izinyathelo zokulungisa. Epulanini HACCP kuzomele sifake njengoba ubuncane: ukubunjwa imisebenzi ukulungiswa; ingxenye salabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza lezi zenzo; kanye nokwakheka ukulungiswa okufakiwe.

Ukunqunywa izinqubo yokuqinisekisa

Ukuqinisekiswa kwe okukhulunywe izenzo ngaphezu zokuqapha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe ukuqaliswa HACCP izinhlelo kanye nekhono kohlelo isebenze ngokuvumelana nala malungiselelo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwe kweluhlelo, izinqubo zihlanganiswa zibe jikelele uhlelo HACCP.

Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezenziwe yileli ukuhlolwa yokuqinisekisa ukhonza ikhono uhlelo usebenze kutfotjelwa plan. Kuze kube yimanje, inkampani izinqubo nezenzo eqinisekisa ukuqaliswa efanele uhlelo HACCP, ngokukhethekile ukuqapha efanele, ukulungisa, imibhalo nokunye ihlanganiswe.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ngokulinganayo wezenzo eqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo HACCP Kuyinto nokwenzeka, futhi imisebenzi lapho zinikezwa, futhi kungaba ngcono ngempumelelo nekusebenta ukuqapha izinsongo kunokwenzeka. Ulwazi oludingekayo wecebo yokuqinisekisa kungabandakanya: umbono uchwepheshe, kokuqondisa abasebenzi, Ukulinganiswa kokusebenza nokunye. izinqubo yokuqinisekisa kwenziwe, hhayi kuphela udondolo ibhizinisi, kodwa futhi ngochwepheshe zangaphandle ngaphandle izinkampani accredited.

Kutfutfukiswa imibhalo

Ukuze izimiso HACCP isetshenzisiwe njengoba kahle ngangokunokwenzeka, kudingeka silondoloze amarekhodi afanele futhi imibhalo. Ngenxa amaphepha, ungalawula uhlelo, ukuqapha Dynamics izinqubo, thola amaphethini bese uqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo osuphelile nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezidingekayo. Amadokhumende zincike ubunjalo ukukhiqizwa. Nakubukwa jikelele, in the iphakethe eyisisekelo kuhlanganisa: plan HACCP, uhlu izingozi, okuqoshiwe kanye sokuqinisekisa kohlelo, kanye okusemgqeni emininingwane kanye nemiqingo, okuyinto ekhishwe ngesikhathi ukusebenza kohlelo.