Hagia Sophia itholakala Istanbul

Hagia Sophia, okuyinto eziningi ubheke esiqongweni izakhiwo WaseByzantium, amakhulu amaningi eminyaka setha indlela yokuthuthuka bokwakha emazweni amaningi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ngo inkolo yobuKristu, kungaba, mhlawumbe, ubizwe sezakhiwo omkhulukazi kakhulu. Yokudumisa Ukuhlakanipha KukaNkulunkulu Okusiqondisayo amasonto amaningi Orthodox eyakhelwe eConstantinople, kodwa ethempelini Hagia Sophia - omkhulu futhi edume kunazo kubo.

Umlando ubiza amagama amabili nababhali baleli wobuciko: u-Isidore eMilethu futhi Anfimov Trallsky. Kwakusuka Asia, nabo wasebenza iminyaka engaba ngu-ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi abasebenzi.

Ngo-324, uConstantine Omkhulu eyasungulwa ngo udumo edolobheni omkhulu waseConstantinople, okuyinto yaba inhloko-dolobha entsha Empire yakhe. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili, wabapha ukuze kwakhiwe ibandla Hagia Sophia eConstantinople, owawungumnyaka lesikhumbuzo lokuqala bokwakha WaseByzantium. Yiqiniso, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuthi bekumele ihlanganise ubukhulu kombusi, Ngakho-ke, kuzo zonke phezu alethwe lapha igolide, imifekethiso, nesiliva, izinyo lendlovu, namatshe ayigugu. Kusukela ezizungezile amathempeli asendulo wakhishwa konke kungaba wusizo lombhishobhi entsha.

Hagia Sophia Lakhiwa umyalo omusha ngokuphelele izinto ezizibeni: lime, wenza amanzi nebhali usimende ne ukwengeza uwoyela. Nokho, kwaba uphawu lokunethezeka ukusebenzisa namatshe ayigugu - itopazi, ngamasafire, ngeyamarubi. Kwakumiswa ngisho ukushanela wenza lejaspi porphyry. I mlando kwesikhathi wayebiza ithempeli ngokuthi 'Umbukwane omangalisayo, ikhuphuka eziya esibhakabhakeni, egcwele kwelanga, sengathi ukukhanya asebenza ezintweni ezivela ngaphakathi. "

Ezinhle kakhulu esontweni Hagia Sophia kubhekwa Dome yayo nge ububanzi amamitha 32. Ngokokuqala ngqá ekwakhiweni Dome sasenziwa nemengamo esingunxantathu: isekelwa yi izinsika ezine, ngesikhathi yena yakhiwa amawindi amane-lwaleli. Imisebe yelanga engene Kubona ukwakh banenkolelo yokuthi Dome is phezulu emoyeni.

Ekuqaleni 13 isonto leminyaka St Sophia ihlaselwe kanzima yi-Crusaders: ingxenye umcebo walo sasuswa eYurophu. Akukho namanje akwaziwa ngekusasa-altare legolide eliphambi kwenziwa ukulindwa kwendlu engcwele.

Ngekhulu le-15, ngemva ukuthunjwa edolobheni Turku, isonto elithile, ngomyalo wabaholi Mahmed Fatiha, aphenduka lamaSulumane. Futhi njengoba ngokomthetho Muslim yezilwane nabantu emakhadini ku eqoshiwe ibonisa kungenzeki, zonke izindonga zazicakwa ngesihluku, esikhundleni esiphambanweni efakwe ucwezana futhi wanezela nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey ezimbili ezine. Ngaphakathi kulo ibandla labaseTheselonika St Sophia, manje esibizwa ngokuthi Aya Sofia, kwenezelwa amathuna futhi zikanokusho sultan embhedeni futhi amapulangwe ngegolide waletha igama lomprofethi uMuhammad futhi nabanye abaholi kuqala.

Ngokuyisimangaliso walondoloza KaMose ngaphezu komnyango kwezibalo kaMariya Ingane, UConstantine uJustinian.

Ngezinye St Sophia unesinye Luhambo: ngaphakathi kuyinto ikholomu, okuthiwa inkungu up. Ngokusho yetinsita zonke izindawo sore kubantu ngokushesha singelapheka, uma unamathisele kuso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ethempelini futhi imfihlakalo: kwelinye niche yakhe ohlangothini lwesokudla njalo uzwe ethule. Inganekwane ethile ithi abangaba yinkulungwane amakholwa lifihlakele, futhi lapho abahlaseli waphula ngaphakathi isonto abaseTurkey, umpristi wayifunda umthandazo. Lapho janissaries babeka phezu umpristi izinkemba zabo, niche odongeni ngokungazelelwe wavula futhi ukusivumela kuye ngaphakathi. Kuthiwa umsindo - umsindo imithandazo umpristi uqobo, elinde isikhathi lapho, ekugcineni, Hagia Sophia iyoba waphinda kube umKristu, ukuba ngiphume futhi ziyaqhubeka zikhonza.