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Battle Gross-Egersdorf. Umlando ukuhlula okukhulu yebutho Russian

Emlandweni wethu lempi anisuthi "amabala amhlophe". Ezinye izimpi bayasazi mhlawumbe ukuthi izazi-mlando ezingochwepheshe. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abaningi babo baye baba nendima ebalulekile nje kuphela ekuthuthukiseni wezwe lakithi, kodwa futhi emlandweni kwamanye amazwe. Njalo is impi Gross-Egersdorf. Kuye kwadingeka azinalo ithonya encane umphumela neMpi Iminyaka eyisikhombisa ', kodwa khumbula lesi senzakalo akusona kaningi kakhulu.

Mfushane Umlando

Gross Egersdorf (Gross-Jägersdorf) - lena indawo impi, okwenzeka 19 (30) ngo-Agasti 1757. Kwaba khona abangu-Russia nase-Prussia. Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi kukhona abayizinkulungwane 28.000 amasosha Prussian, elaliholwa Field Marshal ukuthi Lewald. Ngakolunye - 55 000 amasosha Russian, umyalo zilandelwa ngu kwenye insimu-marshal, SF Apraksin.

Akwaziwa impi ukuthi kwaba ubhapathizo amabutho Russian iMpi Yeminyaka Engu-Seven '. Kuyisimanga ukuthi lapha ukuze uqhubeke indaba Ukunqoba Omkhulu yebutho Russian. Lutho kodwa comrades efile futhi okwalandela ukubaleka eyihlazo, amasosha ethu hhayi perepalo. Ngakho, lapho Singaqala kusukela ngekhulu le-18 emlandweni Russia?

prehistory

Ngaleyo minyaka, iYurophu sebevele ukukhohlwa ngezimfanelo lokulwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian. Yiqiniso, kwakukhona phambi War of the Polish kanye Austrian "ifa", kodwa kokubili izikhathi abadingisiwe amasosha Russian ukusiza umbimbi kukhona "asihlobene." Ngakho, Potr Lassi ngo-1735 uphatha ukufinyelela kakhulu ogwini Rhine, futhi Prince Repnin squad (iminyaka engu-13 ngemva kwalokho) zonke wathola izindaba kwaphela impi uma sekuqhubeka le mashi badabula leyo ndawo elaseBohemia nelaseMoravia. Uma sikubeka kalula, izimpi ezinkulu ngaleyo minyaka njengokuthile okuqoshwe akusebenzi (ngenhlanhla, amasosha).

Umbono Friedrich izikhulu

Ezinye idatha amabutho isiRashiya ababevela noFrederick II kwadingeka nezinduna zakhe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sakhe enkonzweni yoMbuso wase-Russian Yayinesikhwanyana Kate treshka Fink, Manstein futhi Grant. Bakhuluma nge ukuzehlisa elikhulu lezisebenzi umyalo yebutho Russian. Kodwa Frederick akasona isi- phukuphuku, futhi impi nezimpi ezimbili kusezinhlelweni zakhe ezingafakwanga lapha. Nanyana esebone bezikhali wamabutho esitha, shlestyvayutsya ne Russia wayengafuni.

Ngakho ngisho Lewald, owayehola impi Gross-Egersdorf ngohlangothi Prussian, amandla imperial kwadingeka hhayi kuphela ukulwa, kodwa izingxoxo zokuthula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uFriedrich ngokuqinile amjezise uma ukumehlula Russian ukukholisa labo-ke ukuze izwe. Nazi eminyakeni eyikhulu nje 18-th emlandweni Russia, ngeshwa, kwaba ezicebile empini.

Mbiko ohlangothini Russian

Isimo eminqubeni Russian (kuhlanganise nezikhulu) wabusa ohlehlela: i ayenganqobeki ka Frederick legends kuphela kungukuthi sakhiwa. izimpi lwakhe olukhulu sebevele ukuphula umoya yalabo abanamawala ngokweqile naye ngisho waqala ukulwa!

Ehlukahlukene ngaleyo ndlela kusuka ngokuphelele "ezizimele" Lehwaldt, Apraksin kwaba upopayi samanje, ukuphoqelelwa ukuba ubike Petersburg cishe zonke izinto eziwubala. Ngo-1757, yena wayengakamazi lapho wayeyoba ukuhola amabutho. "Isu" ezindleleni eziphumela ngaphandle komuzi ku iNeva, izimiso, "Hamba ngala umzila, ukuze uma isidingo ngempumelelo elilinganayo ukuze ujike ngisho Prussia, ngisho eSilesia." Omkhulu, yini ongayisho ...

wamabutho State ezilwayo amaqembu

Ngo-May 1757 Apraksin ibutho iqala umkhankaso abo ezempi. Ibutho yakhiwa amasosha afinyelela enkulungwaneni ayizinkulungwane 100, futhi 20,000 basonta abezempi Motley. Army aphume Livonia, uphokophele ekufezeni Niemen. Nakuba squad (izinkulungwane zabantu 20), Jikelele-in-Chief Fermor kusheshisa Memel, ngokusekelwa ngoxhaxha Russian. Ekugcineni, ngo-June 25, isitayela ubudala Memel sathathwa, ngemva kwalokho umkhankaso iqala ngokusemthethweni. Fieldmarshal Apraxin, ukuthatha amabutho main, siya ohlangothini Verzhbolovo futhi Gumbinnen.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, enempi Lewald nice ukuchitha isikhathi sizipholele izikhundla kahle baqokwa uVela. Ngesenzo Russian kulandela patrol squad encane. Kodwa lapho Prussian ensimini marshal uthola ukuthi uzakwabo isiRashiya, munye Fermor, 23 (12) ngo-August uya maqondana edolobheni Allenburg (Village Obungane ku Kaliningrad esifundeni), Lewald iphazamisa "ukuhlaba ikhefu" futhi ubhekana isitha, behlose ke ukuya kuhlasela . Wayengahlezi bedidwe ukunqoba lokugcina ibutho Russian ...

Zazinjani izimo isimo sezwe?

Ekupheleni kuka-August (isitayela esisha) Apraxin wenza Ukunqamula emfuleni Pregel egeleza eningizimu-ntshonalanga Norkitena. Ngemva kwalokho, le webutho enquma iholide, amatende phakathi ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye Pregel auxin (a owumthelela Preti). Indawo okwakhethwa hhayi ngephutha: ngaphambi Isitha kungenzeka Pregel bopha, kusukela isiqondiso empumalanga yokuma amabutho Russian North zambozwa auxin, eningizimu-ntshonalanga kwaba yehlathi eliminyene, okuyothi ngasese ukuchitha empi ayengamadoda ayeyizinkulungwane eziyinkinga. Faka ekamu ayengakwenza emizileni emincane ezintathu kuphela ukuthi avikelekile kahle.

Elihamba akha ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu enwetshiwe, futhi flank sako sobunxele nje waphumula auxin. Etholakala eduze Schlossberg castle. Amaphiko zambozwa ihhashi, elitholakala phambi emizaneni Veynoten. Okubi kwadingeka ngakwesobunxele, okuyinto uma kuba khona okuhlaselayo yilona isithiyo kuphela indlela ukuhlasela eyinhloko isitha.

Ngakho Apraksina amasosha wema izinsukwana, nethimba ngemuva sonke lesi sikhathi akazange uhlupho ukwenza noma yiluphi operation ukukhalipha, ngokuba ebumnyameni mayelana nendlela ukuthunyelwa isitha futhi amandla awo. Kuwubuwula ikakhulukazi ekukhanyeni kuyini anawo umlawuli at aba yizinkulungwane 16 Russian ukukhanya abakhwele amahhashi ngamancozuncozu, okuyinto enhle lujula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekamu waphula defectors abaningi ngubani ngokushesha saxwayiswa inhloso Lehwaldt kuhlasela, ukuqala impi Gross-Egersdorf. Usuku yaziwa nangokuthi ethile kakhulu: ekuseni ngomhla ka-Agasti 30.

Mayelana isidingo intelligence

Lewald ngenhlanhla isivele August 29 kuveza kwesimo endaweni full-scale ngokuthumela le njongo kanye amabutho amabili: ezincane nezinkulu. Njengengxenye yokugcina, kwakukhona amaningi njengoba 40 squadrons, umholi zazo waqokwa Jikelele Shorlemer. Nokho, Lehwaldt esibi. Ngokwesibonelo, Shorlemer wayengakwazi ukuthola flank kwesokunxele ibutho Russian ngaphansi Zitenfelde. ngalo mzuzwana Zitenfelde Vele uthumele lamabutho encane eholwa uLieutenant General Lieven. Kukhona futhi kuyinto besigaba sesibili, okuyinto ngabelwa umyalo Jikelele-in-Chief Lopuchin.

Uma sikubeka kalula, Agasti 30, kwakukhona isimo uyakufanelekela yamabhayisikobho of the okungenangqondo: kwamabutho amabili elikhulu uqala impi, nakuba akazi yimiphi labantu isitha, noma izikhali zakhe.

Amandla Russian namabutho Prussian

Ngakho, empini ye-Gross-Egersdorf yi Prussians beze: 22 elihamba Battalion futhi 50 abakhwele amahhashi squadrons. Isamba - abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-25 noma-28. Wezikhali ukwesekwa Ilungiselelwe 35 ensimini izibhamu, "kwaba yisendlalelo" kweshumi ezimbili nje izibhamu esindayo.

Apraksin 89 Battalion wayala elihamba okuxubile, ezine grenadiers kweshumi umlomo futhi 46 squadrons abagibele amahhashi zikhethe. "Ukwesekwa Zokuziphatha" enikeziwe okungajwayelekile ukukhanya nalawo agibela amahhashi. Zonke ngaphansi Russian ensimini marshal, kwakukhona amasosha acishe abe yizinkulungwane 50-55. Gunners kwadingeka regimental 154 nje no-79 ensimini izibhamu. Njengoba indlela okwamangaza ngayo Prussian amathathu Shuvalovskie esindayo howitzers Ayekulungele.

Izazi-mlando eziningi Western ziye zaphawula nge kwenyanya ukuthi nge enjalo bokuphakama Russian ezingabantu kanye wezikhali 'ukunqoba kwaba akumangalisi "they yodwa ukhohlwe ngokuphelele mayelana neminye imininingwane: (!) kufika ku 40-50% yebutho Russian akazange iqhaza empini, ngokuba exhumene oda ezingacacile nemibandela sezwe. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi isibindi amasosha nezikhulu, impi ye-Gross-Egersdorf kuyisibonelo oludumile ukunqotshwa stupidest.

kwaba kanjani impi?

Kusihlwa, August 29 Apraksin kunikeza amasosha oda ukuze uqale ukukhuluma ekuseni. Njengoba ezinye izazi-mlando zithi, akazange athembele imibiko ababehlubukele futhi wanquma ngezibhakela nendlela yayo iphuma izingibe Cishe. Abanye banomuzwa wokuthi marshal ensimini zazihlose ukulwa endaweni evulekile ngaphezulu (akakuthandanga Grosse Egersdorf), okuyizinto kangcono abakhwele amahhashi senzo. Ekuseni kwakukhona kwesigameko: Russian kusengaphambili units emangele elingaphandle, ezabhekana naso ngokuzumayo nobuso ingxenye ethuthukile Prussians.

I yeta emhlabeni ngokushesha, futhi phezu ewumngcingo ihlathi emizileni umsuka nezinxushunxushu: ihhashi maddened nginyathela abantu, futhi eshalofini ezingemuva ubengenakwenza lutho ukusiza ozakwabo yayifa ngoba yobunzima. Impi yase-Gross-Egersdorf.

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli Prussians

Oqokiwe Russian kwaba isimanga bashaya Prussians: Lewald aphakanyisiwe ethutha ukuhlasela ekamu, hhayi ukulwa ne welulela ekusukeni amakholomu. Ngaphambi lokhu ebusuku Prussians kwesokunxele indawo yabo futhi ngesikhathi 3.30 ekuseni waqala ukuba yakhiwe kokuba ngokuthi kukhulunywa iphuzu yena Gross Egersdorf. Isikimu yokwakhiwa lalithé: ezimbili emaphakathi azithathe elihamba Ibutho, amabili isembozo ezinhlangothini we Ibutho kanti ezinye amayunithi nalawo agibela amahhashi.

Ngaphambi flank ngamunye ayemathathu wezikhali amabhethri, ngamunye eyayintula izibhamu eziyisithupha. Kuleli qophelo, the Prussians akasibonanga amabutho isiRashiya, kodwa kahle ukuzwa imiyalo kanye drumbeat ukuthi sasivela kwekamu lakhe. I-oda kunikezwa ukusebenza nakanye 4.00 ekuseni. Isigamu sehora kamuva ebuthweni lasePrussia kuyinto ezisendleleni, ne imigqomo ukulwa zithatha indawo Russian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, buthola umfutho kanye mabutho kuwo womabili ezinhlangothini. Okokuqala Battle Gross-Egersdorf athuthukile esivuna Prussians.

Impumelelo sokuqala Prussians

Ngenxa "ukumangala isici" Prussians lokuqala lucky. 30 squadrons abagibele amahhashi ubulala abakhwele amahhashi Russian uhambe ngqo ezingemuva elihamba, okuyinto lalisenyakatho Veynotena. ISikhulu Holstein, ngubani uphokophele squadrons eziningana ngalesi sikhathi ehlasela empi ukukhanya, ngubani ngamandla ukuba ngaphansi kwesivikelo wezikhali amabhethri. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi omningi walo elihamba wayesenze amaphutha bahlangana, futhi, wenza kanye mabutho njalo, wakwazi utshekisa Prussians.

Igalelo main yawa phezu kwezinsizwa ezimbili Lopuchin. Kulapha ukuthi nempi enkulu kunazo kwaqubuka. Brigade Saltykov futhi Villebois, olungena on ngamandla agcwele ebuthweni lasePrussia, athwale ukulahlekelwa esindayo. Villebois ilahlekelwe cishe isigamu amasosha akuleli, kodwa hhayi isibindi: waxoshwa kuleli hlathi, uyaqhubeka "ngesankahlu", kubabulali amagalelo esindayo Prussia. Abahloniphekile Gunners: wathumela izandla zabo okunekhono, Shuvalovsky howitzers ukuyenza Frederick izikhala omkhulu amabutho. Ngokuvamile, eziningi ukunqoba okukhulu yebutho Russian kungenzeka ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa ngobuciko wezikhali.

I isimo iphuzu

Emaphethelweni impi ill-fated yehlathi bese uqala ukunyakaza ngendlela Melee esabekayo. Kuqhamuka lwesithathu division reserve and ngokushesha ushaya mabutho Shorlemera, okwathi ngemva kwalokho uphoqelekile ukuba ashona, ethwele ukulahlekelwa omkhulu. Holstein Prince ezama ukuhlasela futhi, kodwa ukuhlaselwa kwakhe sesibili kwawona ngempumelelo. Kuleli qophelo, besigaba sesibili isiRashiya, welulela nengenagazi, kuyinto eyingozi eduze encirclement futhi ukuhlulwa. Isikhundla silondoloza uMajor General PA Rumyantsev, eshaywa regiments ezine fresh yasePrussia.

Lokhu igalelo kwaba juqu. Kuzo zombili kwababusi echelons Prussian ezikhulayo ukudideka ukuthi ngokushesha liphenduka uvalo yangempela futhi ukudideka. I Echelon yesibili ngandlela-thile ekwazile ukumboza wezikhali kanye isibhamu umlilo kusukela amasosha eyabo njengoba umugqa wokuqala, bese uqala siphithiphithi Prussians. Excellent wazibonakalisa Shorlemera abakhwele amahhashi, amadoda okwacaca ngaphansi ezisindayo umlilo isiRashiya, ephethwe ukunqanda kanye ukubaleka ehlelekile. Ezinye izingxenye ebuthweni lasePrussia wagijima kangaka ngempumelelo ukuthi iqoqo yabo wathatha esingaphezu kosuku olulodwa.

Ngakho, iziphi imiphumela impi esenzeka ngonyaka 1757? Impi wasesikoleni usanda kuqala ukuqoqa isivuno begazi ohlangothini Prussian yokulahlekelwa balinganiselwa ku izinkulungwane zabantu 4.5, amasosha ethu abalahlekelwe 5500. Killed Sidlale ayesezohlubuka eyodwa nengxenye ayizinkulungwane.

Uyini umphumela?

Apraksin, lanqoba Lehwaldt empini evulekile, uziphethe sengathi iwine lo Prussians. Prussian ensimini marshal ngomoya ophansi uhola ibutho uVela. Apraksin esifanayo, ukufika cishe endaweni lapho impi kwakufanele isihlanganisi yebutho Prussian yesibili, alenzi lutho. ngo-September 5 kuphela, uthatha umzamo evilaphayo ukuhlasela flank kwesokunxele Lehwaldt. Ezikhoselweni oqondileyo, wakhetha ukugcina amasosha.

amabutho Russian uzohlangana naye 1760, ngesikhathi Usigaxamabhande Berlin, ngeke ahlele amabutho we dolobha Prussia etinyatselweni letitsatfwa Russian Jikelele Totleben.

Ekupheleni kuka-August, Apraksin ekugcineni ngayisusa esihlalweni sakhe futhi, ngoba wenza Ukunqamula nehlolamvula onamawala we Pregel, iqala ngokushesha baleka Niemen. Nge nokubambezeleka of ngeliviki Prussians baqala njalo ukuphishekela amasosha ethu, ukulandela wayesethi abakhandwe walo. Ingxibongo iqala impi Russian. Kalmyk zamahhashi wahlushwa ubhubhane yayo beshonelwe umntwana ngale ndlela ukuthi baphoqeleka ukuba babuyele ezweni lenkaba yabo.

Apraksin uye wasuswa kusukela ehhovisi wagwetshwa yinkantolo, kodwa ngaphambi ubulawe yisifo sohlangothi yena. Izizathu uvalo yakhe ashona ezingaziwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Kungenzeka ukuthi waphoqwa ukuba ke yimuphi oda kusukela enhlokodolobha. Sishilo kakade ukuthi Field Marshal ayikwazanga ukuthatha izinqumo ezizimele futhi ngokugcwele siqonde ubukhulu umthwalo wabo wemfanelo indiza enjalo, ngakho-ke sasingekho isinqumo sakhe.

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