Hanukkah - kuyini? Umlando namasiko Hanukkah

Njalo ngonyaka emhlabeni wamaJuda kusukela ngawo-25 Kislev, futhi kuya 2-3 th of Tevet kusho iholide elikhulu - Hanukkah. Uyini "ukungcwelisa" futhi "buyekeza", okuyinto wanika igama ukuthi leli siko? Yini langalezo plugs inhlansi, ukudla okumnandi futhi celebration ehlala njalo izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili? Zama ukuqonda.

Luthini olwakho "Hanukkah"

Igama elithi "Hanukkah" ngesiHebheru inezingxenye ezimbili. Okokuqala, "khan", ngokwezwi nezwi elisho ukuthi "baba esesikwenzile ukuthula." Okwesibili, "ka" - inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ukubaluleka kabani zezinombolo - amabili nanhlanu. Lihlobene anqobe empini futhi esingokomoya samaJuda phezu amaGreki, kwenzeka 25 Kislev (ngokuvumelana yesiJuda) e 164 BC.

Igama laleli holidi "Hanukkah" - lisuselwa elithi "lahanot" okusho "ukuzinikezela" ( "ukungcwelisa"). Lolu suku lwamukelwa kabusha yangcwelisa altare ethempelini eJerusalema, okuyinto ncamashi 3 iminyaka ngaphambi kosuku lokhu abakhonza izithombe ngokuthi zingcolile. Kulezi zinsuku Chanukah libizwa ngaphezulu "umkhosi izibani".

Umlando Hanukkah

Ngokwesiko, Hanukkah lugujwa izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Kuqala kusukela ngosuku lwesi-25 Kislev, ngokuvamile uwela ngoNovemba noma ngoDisemba. Lo mcimbi, okuholela ekuqaleni indaba Hanukkah, owenzeka phakathi nesikhathi Aleksandra Velikogo (Macedonian), lapho indawo yakwa-Israyeli bekuyingxenye Syria, yangaphambili, esikhundleni salokho, isifundazwe we embusweni waseGrisi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, amaJuda namaGreki athola ulimi ezivamile. AmaJuda agcina umthetho balalela imithetho eyasungulwa banqobi kanye abazolandela Omkhulu kwakungekaNkulunkulu bezinye izinkolo kunalokho ukubekezela. Nokho, konke kwashintsha lapho isihlalo sobukhosi yaseSiriya wazibonakalisa u-Antiochus IV Epiphanes.

Fire and inkemba lapho yazama ukuphoqelela izizwe zithithibele inkolo Hellenic. Ngaphansi nesijeziso sokufa, amaJuda ayenqatshelwe ukusoka, ukufunda Torah, ukuze bagcine imithetho Shabbat. Ngo ethempelini eJerusalema ngomyalo wabaholi inkosi wakhiwa altare likaZeus - induna onkulunkulu ababaziwa Hellenic.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Modin - emzaneni omncane eduze kwaseJerusalema - zabhikisha Kwagqashuka. Kwakuthinta eliholwa omunye wabadala komnikazi, umJuda Mattiyagu, futhi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, lapho kwenzeka esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva, lezi zihlubuki yaqhubeka ukuhola indodana yakhe, uJuda wamaMaccabee.

Sekukonke, emzabalazweni wenkululeko yamaJuda ejokeni yaseSiriya eyathatha engamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Nokho, eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kokuqala lokhu kubhikisha AmaMaccabee zaphumelela ukufaka ngesinyelela kokukhulula eJerusalema. Into yokuqala abawinile waqala uqinise ethempelini langcoliswa. Izithombe zaziphonswa yabuyisela leli altare eziphukile, kodwa kunalokho menorah segolide (the menorah), eyayihunyushwe intshontshiwe, ukubeka i-ayini abavamile okwesikhashana.

Nokho, lapho kufika isikhathi ukuba zikhanyise menorah phambi kwe-altare, kwathi bonke uwoyela ezenzeka isonto langcoliswa. Hlanza vó kuphela nojeke amancane, obekungadala anele eyodwa kuphela ngosuku esivuthayo. Futhi uma kudinga izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili ukulungiselela uwoyela omusha ...

Noma kunjalo, iziketekete menorah Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, isimangaliso kwenzeka: ukukhanya kwesizathu eshiswa amalanga abunane! Ithempeli laphinde ngayingcwelisa futhi. Futhi manje, behlonipha lo mcimbi minyaka yonke isifika ekugubheni Hanukkah.

Kuyini Chanukah

Manje njengoba sesikhulumile ngo zaziwa okushiwo komlando Hanukkah okungukuthi "Chanukah" izobuye ibe lula ukuqagela. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i bendabuko ukuma Hanukkah amakhandlela omelela umoya wokumelana kanye ukunqoba ezinhle phezu okubi.

ifomu Chanukiah zalapho eziyisishiyagalombili. Bafanekisela isimangaliso esenzeka ngesikhathi wamaMaccabee uzowanqoba namaGreki. Ezikhathini zasendulo-ke wavulwa hang emgwaqweni, kwesokunxele isicabha. Nokho, kamuva, ngenxa ingozi yomlilo, Hanukkah watshelwa ukuba zikhanyise amakhaya, uyifake kwi sill iwindi - ukuze ukuvutha amakhandlela ukukhumbuza omakhelwane futhi ababemi khona ukuthi lokhu Hanukkah.

Lezi izibani zenziwa noma iyiphi impahla: ithini, imifekethiso, nethusi, ngobumba, yensimbi. Labo bacebe futhi kungaba ukukhokhela Hanukkah igolide noma isiliva. osayizi zabo nazo ezahlukene: kusukela kakhulu umxhwele lokho ngosuku lokuqala Hanukkah ngokuvamile ovuthayo e izakhiwo zikahulumeni, ukuze wayengumuntu onesizotha futhi ezincane, okuyinto ngokuvamile asha kulezi zinsuku nazo kuwo wonke amakhaya abangamaJuda.

izibani Ignition oda

Ngokuhambisana nesiko, kakhulu kabanzi luvame, oda inhlansi samaholide plugs kulezi zinsuku has imithetho yayo siqu esiqinile.

Ngobusuku bokuqala kakhulu ngokuvamile ngokwedlulele kunazo ovuthayo ikhandlela ngakwesokudla. Ngobusuku besibili e imbeleko engeza ikhandlela elilodwa ngaphezulu ngakwesokunxele balowo ukubeka izolo. Ngezinye ukukhanya lokuqala entsha, wanezela ikhandlela, bese ukuhambisa ngakwesokudla. Le nqubo iyaphindwa njalo ebusuku: kuqala, engeza ikhandlela bese ovuthayo zonke yena, ekuqaleni naye, kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla.

Njengoba kubalulekile ukukhanyisa amakhandlela

It is eyaziwa in the isiko Hanukkah okungukuthi "uShamash". Lena inhlangano ipulaki ekhethekile, okuyinto noma uhlukane nezinye amakhandlela eziyisishiyagalombili noma engaphezulu kubo. Kusukela uShamash ovuthayo nantambama bonke amakhandlela eziyisisekelo zazo kuphezulu ekhanda futhi ibangana nomunye.

Ngokwenkolelo, ukukhanyisa amakhandlela eziyisishiyagalombili okufanele umkhonze kuphela njengesikhumbuzo sokuzinikela isimangaliso, ngawo indaba Hanukkah waqala. Awakwazi sisetjentiselwe kufundzisa nome ngusiphi ezinye izinjongo. Ngoba lezi amakhandlela kufanele ovuthayo ke kusukela uShamash, kodwa hhayi komunye nomunye.

Hanukkah Amasiko ikhanyisa ukuthungela

Chanukah amakhandlela ovuthayo wazibeka endlini, lapho njalo uphile, nokuthi ekamelweni lakhe, lapho kujwayele ukuthatha ukudla. Ilambu (Chanukah) isethwe endaweni egqamile endlini.

Qala ukukhanyisa izibani Chanukah, njengoba umthetho, kusihlwa ngemva kokushona kwelanga (ngokuvumelana neminye imininingwane, ngemuva ukubonakala esibhakabhakeni izinkanyezi zokuqala). Uma ngasizathu simbe kwakungenakwenzeka ngalesi sikhathi, it ovunyelwe ukukhanyisa izibani futhi ukhulume amazwi isibusiso sikhathi lapho uphapheme wonke amalungu omkhaya. Labo akazange ukuphatha ukwenza kanjalo kusempondo zankomo, ukuqala imililo ngalolo suku akusadingeki.

I last iholide kusihlwa ukukhanyisa amakhandlela eziyisishiyagalombili. Njengomthetho, ekumele engabe zihamba bashise for isigamu sehora ngemva ukubukeka izinkanyezi. Ngakho, kula makhaya lapho amakhandlela ovuthayo ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga selishonile, bona ababeyokhanya imizuzu okungenani amahlanu.

Ngesikhathi lapho kufanele ukukhanyisa izibani Chanukah benqatshelwe udle, uphuze, noma senza noma yini enye.

Kuyinto engavamile ukuba kuvutha ikhandlela abesifazane - zikhona kuphela indlela kokhela zabo umyeni noma ubaba, futhi uphendule "Amen!" Basho eziphendula amazwi isibusiso, uthi.

Boys uqale ukunamathisela isakramente babasa izibani Chanukah, njengoba umthetho, kusukela esikhathini lapho bayakwazi ngokuzimela ikhandlela bathi isibusiso.

Umkhosi yamasiko Hanukkah

ukudla kuyinala, ephelezelwa iculo bendabuko kanye izindaba mayelana nezimangaliso kaSomandla ngalezo zinsuku ngoba amadlozi - okungukuthi Hanukkah. AmaJuda ayekubheka umkhosi fun nenjabulo, ngakho kulezi zinsuku kwenqatshelwe okusheshayo noma balilele efile.

Ezinsukwini Chanukah kuyadingeka ukulungiselela izitsha bendabuko. It latkes - amazambane pancake futhi donuts amnandi nge jam noma marmalade (sufganiyah). Indlela ukupheka - ukuthosa emafutheni zemifino - is yaceba kokukhumbula isimangaliso lapho kulotshwe khona ngomlando based Hanukkah.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinsuku ukudla yobisi - ngokuyinhloko ezenziwe ushizi. Njengoba sauce kuyinto ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ukhilimu.

Customs Hanukkah

Emashumini eminyaka amuva, abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke ufunde mayelana yini Hanukkah. Emphakathini wamaJuda kwakukhona isiko ukukhanyisa Hanukkah omkhulu ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, futhi izivakashi abavakashele Israyeli ezinsukwini lapho iholide lugujwa, futhi nethuba ukujoyina amasiko asendulo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kuyi-izinsuku Hanukkah akungqubuzani emsebenzini. Nokho, abesifazane abalandela isiko lasendulo, njengoba umthetho, azisebenzi kuze ezishile izibani zemikhosi.

Phakathi izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili iholide ngamunye imithandazo kufanele ukufaka igama olukhethekile ngiyabonga, futhi ngesikhathi ekuseni imithandazo ukufunda ngokuzwakalayo izingcaphuno Torah.

Ezinsukwini Hanukkah ezikoleni Israeli ziyeza amaholide. Ngu isiko, ngobusuku ngosuku lesine noma lesihlanu holidi, abazali bavame ukunikeza izingane amathoyizi noma imali ukuthi ungachitha bebodwa. Nokho, ezinye zalezi zimali kufanele ukunikela ezinhlanganweni eziqoqa iminikelo yabahluphekile.

Umdlalo dreidel

Kunenye ngokwezifiso ukwazi, okuyinto idume Hanukkah. Siyini "dreidel" noma "svivon" kumelwe kwaziwe ukuze zonke izingane bamaJuda. Lena phezulu ekhethekile tetrahedral, okwakwenza ukudlala kulezi zinsuku. Udlale umdlalo, njengoba umthetho, zemali encane "Chanukah imali", kanye - I-candy, apula noma amantongomane.

Kwa-Israyeli, ohlangothini phezulu ngamunye kulotshiwe encwadini eyodwa ngesiHeberu: "kaNuni" (okusho ukuthi "sithwale" - "Isimangaliso"), "gimmel" ( "gadol" - "omkhulu"), "Hey" ( "hai" - " kwaba ") futhi" baphuze "(" ku "-" lapha "). Phezulu, lapho izingane ukudlala Diaspora yamaJuda, incwadi yokugcina esikhundleni "Njengoba iThire ', okusho ukuthi" ungumkhohlisi "-" khona ", okungukuthi, izwe lakwa-Israyeli.

Ngokusho yetinsita ezinsukwini lapho imfundo Torah esesongelwa, izingane wamaJuda eza esikoleni nalezi eziqongweni, futhi esimweni izinhloli noma izitha waqala abanothando ukudlala sengathi salokhu lapha namuhla. Namuhla, lo mdlalo uhlala ukufana elithakazelisayo, ukukhonza ngesikhathi esifanayo isikhumbuzo esidlule, kanye namanye amasiko amaningi abantu bamaJuda.