EkukhuleniInkolo

Hodegetria - kuyini? Isithonjana "Hodegetria"

Lesi sihloko sizodingida: "Hodegetria - kuyini?" Ngaphezu kwalokho, funda kabanzi mayelana umsuka isithonjana, kanye kwaqala kudala yesithombe, okuyinto edume. Cabanga imifanekiso ekhona nohlu kusuka isithombe sokuqala.

Hodegetria - kuyini?

Bavelaphi ngale ndlela? Ngokusho yetinsita ke labhalwa umphostoli Luka, phakathi nokuphila the Virgin. Lesi sithombe, eyaziwa kamuva ngokuthi Hodegetria, ekhulwini lesihlanu, wathunyelwa iConstantinople. Kwaphela isikhathi eside NgangikuMoya Odegon sezindela. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwaba uphawu ohlwini Blachernae. Esikhathini isithombe sokuqala lilondolozwe, futhi ingxenye encane nejazi Virgin.

Kuze kube manje, igalari Tretyakov iqukethe omunye omdala yezithombe ezinjalo, okuyinto kwasala kufana nalokho esasiphambi. Lolu phawu is owehla evela Pskov futhi sihlehlela emuva ekupheleni XIII leminyaka. Ngaphambili, yena kwaba esontweni St Nicholas ngezikhumba.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi igama lesi sithombe has legend lalo. Ngokusho kwakhe UnguNina KaNkulunkulu bavele phambi izimpumputhe ezimbili futhi ngandlela-thile kwesizathu waziletha ethempelini Blachernae. Zilethwe abaphethwe okufanayo isithonjana, negama babona ukukhanya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le ndlela futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "Hodegetria", okuyinto uhumusha kusuka esiGrekini ngokuthi "putevoditelnitsa".

Ngokusho kwenye legend, isithonjana yaba isibusiso emshadweni ka-Anne, owayeyizibulo indodakazi LamaGreki umbusi Constantine Porfirorodnogo. Ngemva kohambo olude eRussia, futhi atholwe igama layo.

"Hodegetria" eRussia

On endaweni samanje isithonjana Russian wawela endaweni ethile phakathi XI leminyaka. Weza UPrincess Anne, okuyinto emva kwesikhashana waba mfazi Vsevolod Yaroslavich of Chernigov. Lesi sithombe wayedabuka ngokuyisimangaliso futhi ngajabulela nokudunyiswa olukhethekile amaKristu. Emva kwesikhashana "Odigitria" isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, waziwa ngokuthi Smolensk.

Isethi uhlu nale isithonjana kusabalala ngokushesha okukhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia. Yiqiniso, isithombe uye washintsha ezinye kusukela esiqinile uhlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli iconographic kwalolu hlobo UnguNina KaNkulunkulu kwakungeyona, futhi akekho kwabulala ngqo ikhophi izindawo zokukhulekela. Nokho, izici ezivamile imifanekiso basindza.

Lokufaneleka ethile UnguNina KaNkulunkulu eRussia

Ngakho, uphawu "Hodegetria" eRussia zithandwa futhi ehloniphekile kakhulu. Ubufakazi balokhu kukhona uhlu eziningi yesithombe yokuqala, okuyinto ethengisiwe lasendulo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-Virgin sivune abantu abahlala kule ndawo, njengoba ezindaweni eziningi ibhekwa umxhasi futhi umkhulumeli.

Isikhathi esining impela umthandazo oqotho silondoloza indoda kusuka kunoma iyiphi obhekene nobunzima noma inhlekelele. Kuleli, kukhona obunengi kokubili endulo nanamuhla.

iconography isithombe

Isithonjana "Hodegetria" - isithombe esikhethekile Our Lady. NgesiGreki, njengoba sekushiwo, kuba "putevoditelnitsa". Isithonjana anencazelo ekhethekile kumaKristu. Ngale ndlela ngokuvamile uvezwa Virgin Mary nge Child. isandla sakhe - umunwe ezikhomba iNdodana (elise phambi esifubeni), kanye insindiso sonke isintu. Leli phuzu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakwesokhohlo ihlala ingane yena. Isandla sakhe sobunxele kuhlala umqulu iphuma, futhi esandleni sangakwesokudla ikhulele isenzo zesibusiso. imilenze Baby noma ewela noma wahlela ngqo. Ngokuvamile iNdodana ukuboniswa frontally, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nengxenye-waphenduka uyalingana. Kunoma ikuphi lwenhlonipho isibusiso inakekelwa. Virgin ngezinye izikhathi, kuchazwa sobukhosi, ngezinye izikhathi esigcwele obuphelele noma afika ekhalweni.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sithombe yaziwa isikhathi eside, ngisho ngaphambi kwekhulu VI, ePalestina neGibhithe. Ngemva kwalokho kwaba okusakazekile kulo lonke East Orthodox. Ekhulwini III kukhona incazelo zenkolo yesithombe, okungukuthi ukuchazwa mzuzu incarnation kusukela Virgin. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela lesi simo kukhona amasha, ukuthi zihlobene ngokuqondile UnguNina KaNkulunkulu. Lokhu "Burning Bush" futhi "udonga inviolable", nabanye abaningi.

Smolensk isithonjana - ethandwa kakhulu ngalolu hlobo

Isithonjana "Hodegetria Smolenskaya" kubhekwa sibonelo yazo zonke lezi imifanekiso eRussia. Umlando walo uya emuva eminyakeni, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo ebezilokhu Kwabekwa ngomlomo. Kukholakala ukuthi uhlu omunye izithonjana bokuqala futhi zaveza abaphostoli Luka. Ukuze Russia Kwathi, njengoba lona wawulotshwe ngenhla uthi, indodakazi soMbusi uConstantine.

Uma wafa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich nomkakhe, u-Anna, isithonjana uzalwe indodana yabo - Vladimir Monomakh. Wahlupheka umfanekiso ngokuyisimangaliso Smolensk wakufaka ibandla kweNyuka the Virgin. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi uye waba icon Smolensk.

Ngenani izimangaliso izimisele isendlini yezindawo lokuqala nabanye abanjengaye. Kuyinto "uNina kaNkulunkulu ka Smolensk Hodegetria" e 1239 kwaba ungumsindisi futhi wasemuva bezwe isiRashiya ababevela Ukuhlaselwa amabutho ka Batu Khan.

Ekuqaleni isithonjana xv ekhulwini washukumiseleka ukuba eMoscow wabekwa ezibiyele Cathedral of the Annunciation. Ngemva kwesikhashana, futhi wabuyela ekhaya lakhe Smolensk. Ngemva kwalokho, isithombe zazenzela eziningi zokuhamba kanye ukufuduka, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezimpi sokunqotshwa isinyathelo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi abuyela ezweni lawo. Ngeshwa, ngemva kwezenzakalo kweMpi Yezwe II, umfanekiso we isiphetho alwaziwa.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sakhe nale isithonjana okuye kwabhalwa okuningi uhlu ukuthi baye basakaza kulo lonke elaseRussia. Ngo Smolensk, esizeni uphawu lasendulo ihlukile manje, nalo izakhiwo ngokuyisimangaliso. It is njengelinye lamazwe izindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ezweni Russian.

Tikhvin isithonjana

Belingana ne Smolensk indlela ukuhlonipha futhi "Hodegetria ka Tikhvin". Lady yethu ine umlando efanayo enzima, ayelapho izikhathi ezimangalisayo. Kukholakala ukuthi isithombe wanyamalala waseConstantinople ngemva kokuwa kwayo, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana uvele Russia eduze Tikhvin.

Ngokusho yetinsita Umbhishobhi omkhulu waseConstantinople ngokwakhe wathi lokhu icon, okuyinto yake kwaba esontweni Blachernae. I Tikhvin sezindela isithombe posted ngendlela efanayo njengoba original esontweni waseConstantinople. Elapho, waqhubeka waba kuze kube zezindela namasonto ungazange waqala ukuvala ezweni lonke (nenkathi yamaSoviet).

Eminyakeni Soviet isithonjana kwaba eMelika, futhi ngo-2004 wabuyela eRussia, lapho eqala zenziwe Tikhvin sezindela.

Kazan isithonjana

Enye adumile "Virgin Hodegetria" e Kazan. Lolu phawu kwakuthiwa e 1579 e Kazan, ngemva kwaba khona umlilo esabekayo kuyo, owabhubhisa bacishe bayifunda yonke zokuhlala. Ukubona UnguNina KaNkulunkulu phendla intombazanyana, owemba isithonjana aphume emlotheni.

ukutholakala Ngokuyisimangaliso yesithombe emva nhlekelele embi kangaka wamshaya kakhulu zonke kakhulu. Abantu abaningi ngaleso sikhathi kwakufanele bakhothame kuye, wamnika ithemba lensindiso (ngemva ethuthuka abandayo, futhi abantu abaningi babengenasithakazelo emgwaqeni, abangenamakhaya, futhi noma iyiphi impahla).

Ngemva kwalokho, ngomyalo wabaholi Ivana Groznogo Yakhiwa iKazan Cathedral, futhi eduze kwalo yasungulwa ngaya ekhaya lezindela. Izimangaliso laqala eduze isithonjana ngokushesha ngemva yokufuna (ukuqonda ezimbili eziyizimpumputhe).

Kuze kube manje, alikho isithonjana yokuqala, kulahleke isikhathi esithile. Nokho, uhlu eziningi ikhona namuhla, idume izimangaliso zayo.

Ezinye izithonjana owaziwa yalolu hlobo

Isithonjana "Hodegetria ka Smolensk" Yiqiniso, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke phakathi kwabanye yalolu hlobo. Nokho, kukhona nabanye abaningi, abafana naye. Enye yalezi imifanekiso Georgian. Ekuqaleni, wayeshaye phansi eGeorgia, kodwa ngemva 1622 iyiswa yasePheresiya (kwenzeka ukunqoba izwe Shah Abbas). uhambo wakhe lwalulude futhi wema Arkhangelsk esifundeni Krasnogorsk sezindela. Kuze kube manje, isithombe sokuqala ilahlekile, kodwa kukhona uhlu naye. Ukuthandaza ngaphambi kokuba isithonjana ukumphakamisa mayelana nokulahla kubhubhane ezihlukahlukene, kanye ukwelapha indlebe futhi iso izifo.

Esinye, kubaluleke, isithonjana, elibonisa UnguNina KaNkulunkulu Hodegetria, kuyinto Iver. Lesi sithombe ayinakho umlando kancane ongaqondakali. Ekhulwini IX kwakunjalo emzini wowesifazane zenzisa. Kwaba isikhathi iconoclastic, futhi wanquma ukulondoloza isithonjana ekubhujisweni, kwehlisa emanzini olwandle. Isithonjana uvele ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka amabili kuphela, eduze kweNtaba Athos, eduze sezindela Yase-Iberia. Ngoba lwakhiwe esangweni yesonto, lapho kuqhutshelwa isithombe lilondolozwe futhi namanje.

Yiqiniso, lena akuyona yonke izithombe zalolu hlobo, okuyinto agcinwa nodunyiswayo zezindela abaningi namathempeli. Abasakwazi eziningi, futhi konke siqu amandla abo akhethekile ukunikeza ukusekelwa.

Amathempeli, okuyinto abazinikele umfanekiso "Hodegetria"

Njengoba lo mbuzo: "Hodegetria - kuyini lokho?" - ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sithombe zivumelana nezinye izindawo zokukhulekela. Ngokwesibonelo, emadolobheni amaningi ase-kokubili eRussia nakwamanye amazwe, kukhona amathempeli, ezakhiwe yokudumisa isithombe "Putevoditelnitsa". Cabanga uhlu:

  • Isonto Kimzha ungaphakathi Arkhangelsk esifundeni (akusebenzi);
  • Isonto emzini Disney Belarus (oyibamba);
  • yesonto esontweni Hodegetria, yena e Simferopol, eCrimea (lamanje);
  • Church kasimov, esifundeni Ryazan uku (lamanje).

Futhi kukhona amasonto, amasonto angama-namathempeli ngempela inombolo enkulu, njengoba ukuhlonipha Virgin Orthodox Good.

isiphetho

Ngakho manje wazi impendulo yalo mbuzo: "Hodegetria - kuyini," Futhi mayelana nendlela kwakukhona lolu hlobo iconographic bobani imifanekiso edume kunazo zonke, esizinikezele kuye. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani eRussia isithombe ngakho ahlonishwe, ngoba Virgin akuyona nje ukusindisa abantu ezinkathazweni ahlukahlukene, ukholo ephefumulelwe nethemba, Angininiki ukuba zigcwale amanzi.

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