I-carbon monoxide: ifomula kanye izakhiwo

izinto eziningi gaseous ekhona ngokwemvelo, ekhishwa ukukhiqiza, kukhona anamandla compounds ezinobuthi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi chlorine isetshenziswa njengendlela isikhali yemvelo, i-pair of uxhumano lokudlulisa nethonya kakhulu insimbi phezu kwesikhumba, i-hydrogen sulfide kubangela ubuthi nokunye.

Omunye izinto ezinjalo iyona-carbon monoxide noma i-carbon monoxide, ifomula zazo has izici zayo siqu e isakhiwo. Mayelana naye, futhi Kuzoxoxwa.

Chemical ifomula CO

Enokwehla ifomula umbono we kwakwakhe kuncike kanje: SB. Nokho, lolu hlobo asinika incazelo Ukwakheka qualitative ambalwa, kodwa akuphazamisi izici isakhiwo nokuhleleka izibopho-athomu e-molecule. Futhi sihlukile kwesama zonke ezinye amagesi ezinjalo.

Lesi sici kuthinta kwakwakhe embukisweni izakhiwo ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali. Hlobo luni isakhiwo?

ukwakheka kwama-molecule

Okokuqala, ifomula enokwehla esebonakala enkompolo carbon uku valency II. Njenga nje umoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngamunye wabo angaba yakha ezimbili izibopho. Chemical ifomula carbon monoxide CO ongaboni baqinisekisa.

Futhi ngakho-ke kwenzeka. Phakathi athomu yekhabhoni nomoya-mpilo yi komphakathi indlela electron ayibhangqiwe akhiwa, kabili covalent isibopho polar. Ngakho, ifomula isakhi le monoxide carbon kuthatha ifomu C = O.

Nokho, kule-molecule ethile akugcini lapho. Ukuze lo mshini donor-acceptor ahleleka-molecule kwenzeka isibopho lwesithathu, umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi noma semipolar. Sikusho ngani lokhu? Njengoba ngemva kokwakhiwa ka covalent izibopho ngaleso exchange ukuze umoya-mpilo uhlala amabili namabhuzu electron, futhi kuyi-athomu ye-carbon - esemkhathini ke izenzo ezingenalutho yokugcina njengenhlangano acceptor omunye ngazimbili wokuqala. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mbhangqwana umoya-mpilo-electron sise khulula esemkhathini carbon isibopho kumiswa kwenzeka.

Ngakho, i-carbon - acceptor, umoya - abanikelayo. Ngakho-ke, ifomula CO-chemistry kuthatha ifomu elilandelayo: S≡O. Lokhu ukwakhiwa wathi i-molecule okwengeziwe ukuzinza zamakhemikhali inertness oluboniswe izakhiwo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile.

Ngenxa yalokho, isibopho e-molecule ye-carbon monoxide:

• ezimbili covalent polar kwakhiwa ngaleso exchange indlela komphakathi ngenxa electron ayibhangqiwe;
• omunye umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi kwakheka kwi ukuxhumana donor-acceptor phakathi khulula electron ngababili esemkhathini;
• zonke izibopho e-molecule ye - ezintathu.

izakhiwo

Kunezindlela eziningana izici, okuyinto, njenganoma iyiphi enye kwakwakhe has-carbon monoxide. Ifomula efana likwenza kucace ukuthi eheleni crystal we yamangqamuzana, isimo gaseous ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile. Lokhu kusho nemingcele ngokomzimba elandelayo.

1. S≡O - carbon monoxide (ifomula) Ubuningi - 1,164 kg / m ^3.
2. I ukuvala abacaphuni futhi ukuma ngokulandelana: 191/205 ⁰ C.
3. Oncibilikayo: amanzi (kancane), elithi ether, benzene, utshwala, chloroform.
4. Akukona ukunambitha kanye nephunga.
5. Kungekho nto enemibala emihle.

Ngokombono begazi umbono, kuyingozi kakhulu akubo bonke abahlala, ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile amagciwane.

chemical izakhiwo

Ngokombono walaba reactivity, omunye izinto inert ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile - kuyinto-carbon monoxide. Formula, lapho zonke izibopho kufakwe molecule kuqinisekisiwe. Kungenxa aqinile ezifana kwakwakhe ngaphansi izinkomba ejwayelekile kwemvelo cishe angene kunoma yiziphi nokuxhumana.

Nokho, kuyinto okungenani uhlelo kancane ukushisa njengoba isibopho umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi e-molecule ahlahlele njengoba covalent. Khona-carbon monoxide iqala ukubonisa izakhiwo asebenzayo ukunciphisa, kanye namandla anele. Ngakho, okwazi ukusabela nge:

• umoya-mpilo;
• chlorine;
• alkalis (Udambisa);
• nge oxides kanye zensimbi;
• gray;
• kancane amanzi;
• i-ammonia;
• ne-hydrogen.

Ngakho-ke, njengoba iye ezibekwe ngenhla izakhiwo lapho liveza-carbon monoxide, ichaza ifomula kakhulu.

Ukuba nemvelo

Umthombo oyinhloko CO emkhathini - ushisa amahlathi. Ngempela, inqubo esiyinhloko kumiswa igesi yemvelo ngu - a omlilo ngokwengxenye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba fuel, ikakhulukazi imvelo organic.

imithombo yabantu we-carbon monoxide ukungcoliswa komoya nakho kubalulekile njengoba inikezwa ingxenyenamba mass amaphesenti afanayo, kanye yemvelo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Umusi ophuma ekusebenzeni Izigayo namafektri, izitshalo Metallurgical nezinye amabhizinisi zezimboni;
• qeda umoya ovela yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-carbon monoxide kalula oxidized ngu-mpilo emkhathini futhi umhwamuko ukuze carbon dioxide. Kuleli kusekelwe usizo lokuqala ezimweni ubuthi yilo kwakwakhe.

reception

Kuwufanele ekhombe esinye isici. I-carbon monoxide (ifomula), carbon dioxide (ukwakheka kwama-molecule), ngokulandelana, imi kanje: S≡O futhi G = C = O. Umehluko ku eyodwa yomoya-mpilo-athomu. Ngakho-ke, indlela zezimboni ngokukhiqiza monoxide esekelwe ukusabela phakathi carbon dioxide futhi: CO ₂ + C = 2CO. Lena indlela elula futhi esivame kakhulu synthesis kwakwakhe.

Ngo-laboratory usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene organic compounds, zensimbi bese kuyindaba enzima, ngoba isivuno is akulindelekile ukuba ibe nkulu kakhulu.

reagent qualitative ebukhoneni isixazululo emoyeni noma i-carbon monoxide - palladium chloride. Ngo metal kwawo okuhlanzekile ezakhiwe nokuxhumana elibangela ukuhwalala yesixazululo noma ebusweni ephepheni.

Umthelela yemvelo ku umzimba

Njengoba kakade ezibekwe ngenhla, carbon dioxide - iyashesha anobuthi, kungekho nto enemibala emihle, zibe yingozi futhi inkathazo ebulalayo nomzimba womuntu. Futhi akukhona nje ukuthi abantu, futhi ngokuvamile iyiphi eziphilayo. Izitshalo kukhona ngaphansi kwethonya imoto qeda, sifo iyafa ngokushesha kakhulu.

Siyini ngempela imiphumela begazi carbon monoxide emvelweni sangaphakathi kwezidalwa isilwane? Zonke ndaba kwetinhlavu eziyinkimbinkimbi esitebeleni kuhlanganisa hemoglobin amaprotheni igazi igesi kubhekwe. Okungukuthi, esikhundleni izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo babambeke Isihlungu. kwezimila yeselula ngokushesha ivinjiwe, negesi lokushintshisana akunakwenzeka ngokuhamba ejwayelekile yakhe.

Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukuvaleka kancane kancane-hemoglobin molecule, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa. Kwanele ukunqoba yonke ngu-80%, kuze kube umphumela ubuthi baba ebulalayo. Ngenxa yale njongo, emakamu carbon monoxide emoyeni kufanele kube 0.1%.

Izimpawu zokuqala, okungase ukunquma ukuqala ubuthi nale kwakwakhe khona yilena elandelayo:

• ikhanda;
• isiyezi;
• nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

First Aid - ukuze kungene umoya ohlanzekile, lapho-carbon dioxide ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya-mpilo liphenduka carbonic acid, ukuthi defused. Kuvulwe amacala amabili ababulawa imiphumela efana okukhulunywa ziyinsakavukela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindlini isitofu bafudumale. Ngemva amandla omlilo izinkuni, amalahle kanye nezinye fuel njengoba ovela eceleni igesi ngempela amafomu. Ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila nempilo yabantu.

Futhi, ezimweni eziningi okunoshevu emagalaji, okuyinto eqoqwe eziningi egijima ezinjinini zezimoto, kodwa baletha umoya ngokwanele fresh. Ukufa kwenzeka kungakapheli ihora okweqa emakamu ovumelekile. Zizwe khona igesi akunakwenzeka ngokwenyama, phela akekho iphunga, akukho umbala akakwenzi.

Sebenzisa umkhakha

Esikhathini umkhakha Metallurgical ngoba nokuvulwa izinsimbi kusuka oxides zabo noma nosawoti ukusabela wayevame ukusebenzisa kuyinto-carbon monoxide. Ifomula we kwakwakhe okuholela - CO _2. metal - izidakamizwa okumsulwa is bakha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbon monoxide isetshenziswa:

• I-ukucutshungulwa inyama kanye nenhlanzi imikhiqizo, okuvumela ukuba abanike bahlole;
• Ukuze zamagama compounds ezithile eziphilayo;
• njengoba ingxenye generator igesi.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu izidakamizwa akuyona kuphela futhi uyingozi, kodwa futhi ewusizo kakhulu imisebenzi womuntu kanye nezomnotho.