Growing ukhukhamba in zokugcina unyaka njengoba ibhizinisi

Ikhukhamba lenkaba kubhekwa izindawo ezishisayo nakwezifudumele India, lapho bekhula ngendlela zasendle ngokuphelele kule minyaka cishe eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha. Kuze kube yimanje, ukhukhamba etshalwa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe. Akwaziwa nini futhi ubani balethwa eRussia kodwa kusukela ekhulwini le-16, izithelo eluhlaza kanye enososo base bekhona kakade amatafula abantu abacebile. Okwamanje, isibalo esikhulu sokudla awukwazi ngisho wacabanga ngaphandle lokhu zemifino.

Ukhukhamba in zokugcina

Growing ikhukhamba in a abamba ukushisa unyaka wonke - ngempela ibhizinisi inzuzo. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kungenzeka ukudala elilungile kakhulu ukuba umkhiqizo okusezingeni eliphezulu oqine microclimate ngokwanele. abamba ukushisa evuthayo kuzovumela lokhu isiko ukuthela izithelo unyaka wonke, kodwa ekwindla kanye isivuno ebusika kuyoba inzuzo, ngezinye izikhathi kokweqa izimali ngezinyanga zasehlobo izikhathi eziningana. Growing ikhukhamba in a abamba ukushisa unyaka wonke njengoba ibhizinisi elusizo kakhulu. Inzuzo amabhizinisi ezifana kuphezulu - isifinyelele 400-600%.

Yini edingekayo ukuze ezikhulayo ukhukhamba in zokugcina

Ukuze zikhule ukhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa ebusika bese unyaka wonke, kumele:

• Yakha izimo ezikahle ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa. Ngokuvamile, bathembele izinto ezisetshenziselwa idatha design zenziwa.
• Yenza isinqumo esifanele izinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu yamakhukhamba.
• Nquma ukuthi kuyothiwa ukhukhamba ukhulile, njengoba kuthinta ukukhetha izinhlobo.
• Qalisa ukuqeqeshwa phansi bese udala zonke uhlelo kudingekile ukuqinisekisa zokugcina.

zokugcina

Indlela yokutshala ukhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa unyaka wonke? Okokuqala udinga ukwenza greenhouse kahle:

• Kufanele abe enamathela ezokwenza thembeke ukugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi isakhiwo.
• A abamba ukushisa kufanele abe Uhlaka ukumelana enamathela isisindo. Futhi uma ukutshala ukhukhamba kuhlelelwe ngaphezu konyaka owodwa, khona-ke kumelwe abe ngisho liqinile, sasivumela okunokwethenjelwa futhi livikela ehambisana nesimo sezulu esingesihle.

Ukwakhiwa zokugcina ungaba ezihlukahlukene ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene futhi ayilingani, eziphakeme ezahlukene futhi izinto ukwakhiwa.

Material ngokwenza zokugcina

Okwamanje, i-greenhouse ozimele yilezi:

• insimbi;
• izinkuni.

Uhlaka kwensimbi

Yenziwe isiteshi, amashubhu emise noma ubukhulu valve ezinkulu (kuncike impahla enamathela).

Ukuze abantu abalwazi kahle ulimi yezinyoni enhle izosebenzisa elula polyethylene ifilimu elitholakala ngokukhangisa uhla enkulu. Ngokusho impahla yayo, akusiyo eliphansi kuya evame ukusetshenziswa polycarbonate.

Ukuze kohlaka amashubhu ingasetshenziswa ngokuphelele noma iyiphi impahla enamathela. Inketho obujwayelekile ukusebenzisa fibre kwagcizelela plastic ifilimu noma polycarbonate.

Uma uhlela likhula ukhukhamba in zokugcina unyaka wonke, kungcono ukusebenzisa polycarbonate. Lapho amalahle kahle ke uyakwazi ukugcina lokushisa njalo ngaphakathi.

Metal ozimele ingasetshenziswa kuze iminyaka 10 noma ngaphezulu. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngenxa ngenkasa ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa kwandisa nomswakama, futhi lokhu kunomthelela ongemuhle kwi metal. Ukuvikela Uhlaka, ngemva ukwakhiwa yayo yentiwe ngopende noma ukuvenisha.

ukwakhiwa izinkuni

Kuyinto kancane esisebenzayo, ngoba izinkuni has a ukuphila engaphansi kakhulu ukwedlula metal. Futhi, uthambekela sezulu namathonya sezulu.
Ngemva yokukhiqiza luhlaka ngempela upende, esiza ukuvikela ukhuni emathonyeni ayingozi, futhi ukwandisa ukuphila zenkonzo yalo.

Inzuzo enkulu ohlakeni lokhuni - nobungane kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi enokwethenjelwa

Nezinto eziningi zensimbi uhlaka lokhuni kungenziwa in-house. Uma abamba ukushisa likhulu, kungcono ukuze ugcwalise kusengaphambili isisekelo encane ukuze sithole amandla. Izindleko ohlakeni lokhuni ingaphansi kwe-metal, okuyinto kwandisa ukudleka miklamo.

Ukuze enamathela we uhlaka lokhuni isetshenziswa:

• ifilimu owehluke;
• polycarbonate;
• ingilazi.

Nge polycarbonate yeselula ikhava ingilazi noma kungenziwa ukhukhamba esekhulile greenhouse ebusika kanye unyaka wonke.

Kukhethwa izinhlobo

Growing ukhukhamba in zokugcina unyaka uqala nge choice esifanele imbewu. Kukhona ezihlukahlukene omkhulu kokubili izinhlobo ezivamile futhi hybrid eziqanjwe kahle izithelo in zokugcina.

Ukuze afeze ukutshala ukhukhamba in zokugcina unyaka wonke, kukhethwe imbewu izinhlobo ukuthi yilezi:

• lokushisa umehluko zidluliselwa ngokukhululekile futhi isithwathwa;
• libhekene fruiting njalo;
• isifo esitebeleni;
• ukunambitheka akulona okumunyu;
• Abanaso zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Izinhlobonhlobo athandwa kakhulu zokugcina namuhla:

• "Ikhathuni" - fruiting iqala ezinsukwini ezingu-40 emva kokutshala.
• "Isibindi" - uthela izithelo ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-45 zokutshala. Ikhukhamba lide kakhulu.
• "Barcelona" - kuyinto izinhlobo ekuseni ukukhula yamakhukhamba. It is avame ukusetshenziswa ebhizinisini abamba ukushisa.
• "Bobrik" - has a ukumelana ngaphezulu ukuze ongaphakeme lokushisa ukucindezeleka. Isisetshenziselwa ukulima ebusika.
• "Shchedryk" - ukukhula kanye ezihlukahlukene elikhiqizayo. Isetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene onyakeni.
• "I-matrix" - libhekisela izinhlobo ethandwa kakhulu. Sam ikhukhamba akuyona eside kakhulu, has a ukumelana okuhle isifo.

Futhi, kuze kube-hybrid engcono ikhukhamba izinhlobo zihlanganisa "Emelya", "Annushka", "Dynamite" futhi "Hercules."

Kunconywa ukuthola imbewu F1 ukuthi babe ukusebenza okuhle. Ukususwa imbewu onegciwane kanye "ezingenalutho" kungenziwa ngamanzi isixazululo ezibuthakathaka potassium permanganate. Imbewu egcwele isixazululo ngasinye 1 g potassium permanganate e 150 ml amanzi. Lokhu kuzovumela ukubulala amagciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu siyakazwe ngamanzi okumsulwa ( "elingenalutho" entantayo). Lokhu kwenziwa ngqo phambi ukutshala imbewu.

Umhlabathi for ukhukhamba ezikhulayo

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ezikhulayo ukhukhamba kule abamba ukushisa unyaka wonke (bheka ngezansi isithombe), kubalulekile ukulungiselela phansi salokhu. Wakhe avundiswa futhi bahlanza izimila ezahlukene ukuthi ungaba nethonya elibi endleleni ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo impande yamakhukhamba.

Ukuvimbela iphele ukuphuma enhlabathini bese ukuvumela uhlelo impande ukuthuthukisa ngokukhululekile, liyanezela sawdust. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa Umanyolo amaminerali. kunconywa ukusebenzisa ammonium nitrate, kodwa kuphela uma isikali abamba ukushisa ibhizinisi ukuthuthukisa ukukhula yamakhukhamba.

ukhukhamba Ukhula Othandweni zokugcina unyaka wonke

Amabili zokutshala indlela isicelo ikhukhamba:

• izithombo eseqedile, okuyinto zingatshalwa ngqo kule abamba ukushisa (ukudala zonke izimo wona), emakhaya;
• imbewu.

Zokutshala, kumele ube:

• Peat izinkomishi noma ezinye izitsha ezincane, njenge amabhodlela epulasitiki ne ukuhamba elincane;
• inhlabathi pre-elivundisiwe;
• disinfected e isixazululo potassium permanganate kanye ofakwe ketshezi imbewu amahora amaningana.

Imbewu izithombo ezibekwe substrate izakhi. Lapho edala izimo ezikahle imbewu ziqhume ngezinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu. Efaka umquba izithombo Kwenziwa lapho kuyoba khona lokuqala leaf yayo futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi zitshala enhlabathini abamba ukushisa.

izithombo zitshala engenziwa lapho ehlathini kuyoba amahlamvu ezimbili noma ezintathu (cishe 20-25 izinsuku). Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa nsuku zonke ngaphakathi abamba ukushisa akumelwe kube degrees ephakeme kunaleyo 18, futhi ebusuku - 15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqapha amandla, ngenkasa kanye yisithombo ukukhanyisa. izithombo Ukunisela ukwenza kangcono ngamanzi afudumele. Ngosuku liguqubele udinga ukufaka izibani ezengeziwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi izithombo noma imbewu awamukelekile. Ukuvela amaqabunga amasha futhi izimbali ekuseni kuyofakazela ukuthi izimpande zawo emhlabathini ezizwa ngokwanele.

ukutshala izithombo

Growing ukhukhamba in zokugcina unyaka wonke angenza ngaphandle ngokurhaba amathuluzi ingadi, njenge:

• chopper;
• lokwela elincane;
• ukucisha, njll

Buciko umsebenzi kokwehla wenziwa ngendlela elandelayo:

• Okokuqala, usebenzisa ithuluzi kunqunywa indawo ngayinye imigqa kutshalwa futhi ukukhiqiza imithombo ngabanye ekhethekile noma imisele.
• Ibanga phakathi yamakhukhamba musa kuncike ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobonhlobo nzalo ekuthuthukiseni evamile lidinga isikhala. Ibanga elilungile kakhulu phakathi sezihlahla ikhukhamba - 30-50 cm.
• Eduze ngamunye yisithombo ezihlabayo usufakwa induku phansi metal noma induku lokhuni. Izithombo amila okungenani abophe kubo.

Transplanting wenziwa ukuze uhlelo impande kwaba enhlabathini lapho okwanda ngokushesha. It is utshalwe nge yinhlama inhlabathi, etholakala Peat izinkomishi noma yimuphi omunye isitsha.

Lapho ukuthambisa Kwenziwa izithombo kuqala

Ngemva betshala inhlabathi greenhouse ukudicilela izithombo kungaba izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, njengoba kumelwe acclimate e izimo abamba ukushisa. Oluthandwayo kungcono drip irrigation eyenzeka, okuyinto ukwazi ukwamukela uhlelo impande lemali edingekile umswakama futhi kakhulu ukulondoloza izimali ukusetshenziswa, njengoba lisho ukonga kakhulu. izithombo efaka umquba enze ngemva kwayo hle bika.

ukhukhamba Growing ngonyaka abamba ukushisa round: ukukhiqiza

Ukuhoxa ikhukhamba e abamba ukushisa yesimanje imayelana 30-45 kg per imitha square, okuyinto ebonisa ezinhle, njengoba lesi sitshalo kungenziwa ukuvunwa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.