I categorical kuphoqelekile - esigabeni main kwesimilo Kant sika

U-Immanuel Kant - sefilosofi German kwekhulu XVIII, omsebenzi wakhe uye yashintsha ke ekhona imfundiso yokuziphendukela ulwazi kanye nomthetho, nokuziphatha kanye sobuhle bayo, kanye izethulo womuntu. Emaphakathi Umqondo wokuthi inkolelo-mbono yakhe zefilosofi nezimiso zokuziphatha - kubaluleka categorical.

Livezwe emsebenzini wakhe eliyisisekelo zefilosofi "Critique we nokucabanga ngokufanele". Kant ugxeke ukuziphatha, okuyinto sisuselwe utilitarian kanye nemithetho yemvelo, ukuphishekela siqu enhlalakahleni ethabelo imizwelo engokwemvelo nemizwa ehlukene. zokuziphatha okunjalo ecabange amanga, kodwa-ke, ngoba indoda esiphelele yingcweti yimuphi umsebenzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela iphumelela khona, kungase kube nzima, kungcono ngokuphelele yokuziphatha okubi.

Kant sika kuphoqelekile categorical (kusukela Latin «imperativus» -. Imperious) - kuyintando ofuna okuhle ngenxa ngokuhle, hhayi ngokubi ngenxa enye into, futhi umgomo ngokwako. Kant uthi okungukuthi omunye kini uya isinyathelo kangangokuthi isinyathelo sakhe wayesengaba kokubusa sonke isintu. Kuphela ngokuqinile perceivable duty zokuziphatha ukuze unembeza wakhe kwenza ukuba baziphathe ngokokuziphatha. Lo mthwalo ukulalela zonke izidingo zesikhashana nalezo ezizimele ukutholakala kanye nezithakazelo.

Kuphoqelekile yesigaba ihlukile umthetho wemvelo ochaza akulona yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi kokucindezelwa "khulula self-umkhawulo." Uma izikweletu yangaphandle - kuyinto ngokuvumelana nemithetho isimo nokuzithoba imithetho yemvelo, wabe esekhonza iminyaka ukubaluleka nezimiso zokuziphatha kuphela "umthetho yasekhaya".

Kubaluleka lokumukelekako Kant - a categorical, bokungahlehli ngokuphelele. duty Zokuziphatha okumele ilandelwe njalo, njalo futhi yonke indawo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo. Umthetho zokuziphatha Kant, akumele eliqhutshwa iyiphi injongo zangaphandle. Uma Lokuziphatha wangaphambili pragmatic Imiphumela ngamakhasimende, izinzuzo oyoletha, noma isenzo, Kant soxhumana ayishiye ngokuphelele umphumela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isazi sefilosofi kudinga indlela esiqinile laphakeme ekucabanga nekubuta akubandakanyi noma yiphi nokubuyisana amafomu okuhle nokubi, noma ezinye Lesisemkhatsini phakathi kwabo, hhayi uhlamvu noma ezenzweni zayo akukwazi webumbacambili, umngcele phakathi ubuhle kungokufanayo kumele kube sobala, othize, esitebeleni. Ukuziphatha e Kant ixhuma umqondo waphezulu, futhi kuphoqelekile yakhe categorical ngaphakathi kokuchaza eduze izimiso ukholo: emphakathini lapho zokuziphatha obusa ukuphila izinkanuko, yilona eliphezulu ukuwedlula wonke e ngokuya inkolo, esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa isintu. Kant ukunika leli fomu enhle empirically ezibukwayo. Ngo ukucabanga kwakhe ngezimiso zokuhle, kanye mayelana isimiso sezombusazwe, ikhulela umqondo "ukuthula kwaphakade", ogxile nangqondo kwezomnotho bempi mthetho yayo ngokomthetho.

Georg Hegel, isazi sefilosofi German kwekhulu XIX, ngaphansi ukugxekwa okunzima kubaluleka categorical, ngibona ubuthakathaka bakhe wukuthi nguye eqinisweni bancishwa zonke yemagama: duty yini edingekayo ukuze afeze ngenxa yesibopho, futhi yini lesi sikweletu alwaziwa. Ngo uhlelo Kant sika, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngandlela-thile ucacise kanye nokuchaza ke.