Kuyini fund uthango? Umthelela emnothweni emhlabeni

izimali uthango bebelokhu baziwa ngokuba cishe engu-70 edlule. Ngo emakethe yasekhaya, ayebonakala kamuva kakhulu, ngakho bambalwa zimali kungaba ziphendula ngokuqiniseka lo mbuzo: "? Uyini Isikhwama ezivikela ukulahlekelwa". On izici zomsebenzi wabo futhi kungenzeka ukwenza imali ngosizo lezi zimali uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

US uthango izimali: umlando

Kwakuwusuku umdali wokuqala American uthango Isikhwama. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1949. Nokho, kunobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi ngisho iminyaka Yokuwohloka Okukhulu kwakungamadodana preconditions ngoba ukudalwa izikimu efanayo. Nokho, zisesimweni esibucayi emakethe kuvimbe nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo ezinjalo.

izimali uthango abaluleke kakhulu ibhizinisi utshalomali. isingeniso yabo mass esenzeka-yalolucwaningo 80 XX leminyaka. Kuyini fund uthango owazifunda futhi abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile.

inqubomgomo US ngalolu daba wukuthi ithuba ukutshala amandla hhayi kuwo wonke umuntu. Lokhu kungase kwenze zimali ukulawula impahla phezu amakhulu ezigidi zamarandi namuhla.

Enye yezinto e ukuthandwa ukuthi isu nekukwati kufundza nekubhala ikuvumela ukuba hhayi kuphela inzuzo lapho emakethe ukhula, kodwa lapho iwa.

USoros, isibonelo, yawenza by US uthango izimali. Phela imisebenzi inkampani yakhe, "Quantum 'isibenzé inzuzo enkulu emaRandini billion, lo iphawundi uwile off.

Ezweni lethu, ngokusemthethweni bavunyelwe uthango izimali ngo-2008 kuphela. Kwathatha cishe 10 edlule futhi manje ukuthi asebenza ingqikithi 27 - kuyinto mntwana omncane.

Kuyini fund uthango futhi kanjani izimali zakhe kuko?

At inhliziyo Henge ikota yemali izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula:

• usebenze kunoma iyiphi emakethe;
• Bona ukubhekana nazo zonke izibambiso nemikhiqizo.

Lo msebenzi alisho umsebenti wayo noma iyiphi ingxenye izimpahla zayo yilabo abake lonke spectrum zokwenana nalo kwezezimali. Ngenxa yalesi ukutholakala, zimali akuxhomekile emakethe. Akusebenzi lapha ngokuvamile izisekelo classical: .. Okungukuthi, uma kukhona lawa emakethe, ukwabelana angeke kahle.

Ngalo mqondo, izimali uthango amathuluzi ngokwanele ukuba wenze izingcaphuno kuncipha. Iningi amafa baye kwagcizelela nemikhiqizo.

Ngakho, hedging uhlelo kwezinhlekelele, lapho ukuthenga ithuluzi ethonya omubi emakethe kungathinta omunye ithuluzi sinombono inzuzo.

Isibonelo, uma uthatha loan dollar, oluqinisayo umthengi kuphela kunenzuzo of the ruble, uma imali yakhe ruble. Kodwa uma dollar uyovuka intengo lapho idatha mthombo ofanayo, umboleki kuzoba ukulahlekelwa. izinkampane ezinkulu, ngokungafani kuya umthengi Ngokwesilinganiso, awukwazi ukubekezelela lesi simo, futhi izifundo is hedging, kwenta sibonelo, ngekuletsa ukuthenga ikusasa lwemali zokukhwabanisa ngenani lentengo elikahle.

Lapha uthango uba net nokuphepha ukuze sinciphise ukulahleka, kodwa awukwazi ukuqeda zonke izingozi.

Indlela yokwenza imali?

Ubuhle uthango izimali siwukuthi bangamalungu inzuzo kunoma isiphi isimo emakethe. Notorious uSoros Foundation ngonyaka wathola iminyaka ecishe ibe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu. Ezikhathini zobunzima, abasafufusa uthango izimali skimmed ikhethelo labantu, inzuzo kufika ku-15% ngonyaka. Abanye abangu okulungiselelwe kanye 500% futhi 1000% eyishumi ngamunye.

Zonke lezi zimali ziqondiswa isimiso ukuthenga izibambiso bengahlonishwa nokuthengisa overpriced.

Ukuze izibambiso bengahlonishwa libhekene irekhodi-ongaphakeme ngamanani aphansi, ngaleyo ndlela-ke kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zimpahla abe ezingaba ezithile. Ngakho, kucatshangwa ukuthi bazothola isikhundla sabo ukukhula. Nge overvalued - kuphambene.

Lelisu kuyinto bakudala, ngoba eqinisweni, ezihlukahlukene kangaka izimo. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, elikhulu extranet Investment uthango Isikhwama cishe asisebenzi izindlela zabo. Ngokuvamile, zalezi zinhlangano zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwama-Credit, ukuboleka izibambiso mafa kusuka wabathengi.

isakhiwo

Uyini Isikhwama ezivikela ukulahlekelwa ngokuya oyiyo? Ukudala Isikhwama ezinjalo, inkampani ukuphathwa edonsela zimali, wabathengi namabhange. Izisebenzi zale nkampani usebenza ukuthenga nokuthengisa izibambiso.

umsebenzi Foundation iqala nge isithakazelo zimali. abaphathi-dolobha Isikhwama yabo. Yisiboniso yasebhange kunesithembiso amafa zimali ngokuya ezahlukene. Njengomthetho, kuba amabhange enkulu nge idumela elihle.

Imisebenzi uthango izimali umlawuli, ophinda abe mabhuku ihlola amafa, accounting ehola, kufanele bahlelekela umbiko zimali.

nomdayisi Primary wenza imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kufanele ibe amandla ukuze afeze imisebenzi. Ngokuvamile amabhange enkulu ukwenza njenge nomdayisi eyinhloko.

Izinhlobo uthango izimali kwi nomthelela emnothweni womhlaba jikelele

Ziningi Ukwahlukaniswa uthango izimali, isibonelo, IMF uqokomisa:

• Global - asebenza khona ezimakethe zomhlaba, ukwakha isu, ukutadisha izingcaphuno izinhlangano ngabanye.
• izimali Macro uncamela ukwenza ibhizinisi ngaphakathi kwelinye izwe. Ngokusekelwe isimo macroeconomic, bakhela isu yokuziphatha emakethe.
• Izimali ngenzuzo elinganiselwe umsebenzi emkhakheni emakethe kazwelonke. Lena zakudala uthango izimali, okusekelwe ezimisweni of intengo yezimpahla ubudlelwano.

umthetho Russian ichaza uthango izimali njengoba mutual. Abatshali bezimali kufanele ukukhonza zimali nge abaqeqeshiwe, ubambe izibambiso kuwufanele ruble abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ngonyaka. Kuwo lo nyaka, abatshali bezimali kumele enze okungenani nedlanzana imisebenzi inani ruble 300 000.

Kanjani ukuba yingxenye yawo?

Ukuhlanganyela uthango yasekhaya Isikhwama ibhizinisi akuyona lula. Futhi zimali singethembi ukuphathwa Russian.

Ngokwesibonelo, ungazama uthango Isikhwama extranet, emele iqembu izinkampani kusukela British Virgin Islands. Le imithombo has olutheni emakethe. Injongo wamemezela inkampani - ukuphindwaphindwa dolobha siqu.

Uthango Isikhwama, ehhovisi yangasese iyatholakala ngokushesha emva registration, muva wangena emakethe CIS. Ngaphambi kwalokho, inhlangano baziswa efaneleyo abasebenzisi Melika nawaseYurophu.

Labo abafisa ukutshala izimali zami kule yasekhaya Henge Isikhwama kufanele sivule i-akhawunti ebhange lakwelinye izwe. Zimali inelungelo isizumbulu omunye izigidi zamaRandi.

Alternative izixazululo babe nako. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa abaxhumanisi bendawo bangakwazi ukuthenga isabelo esikhwameni angaphandle. Nokho, leli qhinga okuyingozi lutho uma sicabangela sengozini shareholder ezincane kanye nobunzima ukuqapha izinhlangano.