I-Counterintelligence ... Ubuhlakani bokulwa kwezempi. Kunokuba ukuhlakanipha kuhluke ku-counterintelligence

Kuzo zonke izenzakalo zomlando zesintu, kwavela izimpi ezihlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zavela ngenxa yemithombo, abanye - ngenxa yokungafani kohlanga, abanye baba yimpumelelo yezombusazwe. Kodwa ngandlela-thile, kunoma imiphi impi abantu abafa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka, "ososayensi" emkhakheni wezobuciko bezempi baqala izindlela zokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwabantu ezimpini ezahlukene zempi. Ngesikhathi sokuthola isisombululo kule nkinga, kwavela imibono eminingi. Yonke imishini yasungulwa eyenza abantu bafihle ngesikhathi sempi, izindlela zokuqamba, ukuhamba kwezomnotho, njll Kodwa konke lokhu kwakungenakuqhathaniswa nokuhlonishwa. Izinhloli nezinhloli zempi zazisetshenziswa ngentshiseko phakathi neMpi Yezokuzimela E-United States, futhi ngemva kwalokho kwezinye izingxabano zempi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinhlangano ze-intelligence professional zaqala ukuvela kuzo zonke izizwe zomhlaba. Kodwa, nalokhu, ibutho lempi elaziwayo laqonda ukuthi ukungavumi izinhloli kanye nama-scouts ensimini yesitha nakho kuyisenzo esibalulekile. Ngakho kwakukhona isevisi ye-counterintelligence.

Kuyini i-counterintelligence?

Kuze kube manje, i-counterintelligence ngumsebenzi othize wezinsizakalo ezithile zombuso ezigunyazwe ukuthola nokucindezela imisebenzi ye-intelligence noma yezinhloli, ama-ejenti akhethekile kanye nama-agent angaphandle. Ukuba khona kwemisebenzi enjalo ngezindlela eziningi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweminye iminyango yempi. Ngakho-ke, i-counter intelligence nayo iyinhlanganisela yezinsizakalo zikahulumeni ezinomgomo wokuvimbela imisebenzi ye-intelligence ensimini yombuso. Izinhlangano ze-Counterintelligence zivame ukubhekana nemisebenzi ehlobene: ukulwa nobuphekula, ukuhlakazeka, ukubhekwa, ukuvikelwa komyalelo, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha kombuso. Ngokuvamile kuphakama umbuzo, ukuhlakanipha okungafani kanjani nokuhlukunyezwa? Ngaphambi kokuba uphendule, kubalulekile ukuhlaziya ukuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ye-antispyware kanye nezidumbu eziziqhubayo, ensimini yeRussia yanamuhla.

Umlando we-counterintelligence yasekhaya

Umlando wokusebenza okuphikisana nobunhloli emkhakheni weRussia wanamuhla ubuyela eNkulumweni Enkulu yamaPhoyisa. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-SMERSH namuhla kunesihloko sengxoxo njalo nezingxabano, kanye nesihloko esihle kakhulu samafilimu wesici. Noma kunjalo, eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, uSmersh wesaba ngisho namasosha asekhaya. Lesi sitfombe sisho igama lezinhlangano ezimbalwa ezizimeleyo nezizimele ezizimele, ezisebenza ngomgomo ofanayo - ukuvimbela izinhloli zangaphandle. I-SMERSH ihlanganisa amasevisi alandelayo:

1. Ukuphatha "Smersh" we-People's Commissariat of Defense - inhlangano yokulwa ne-intelligence yezempi.

2. Ukuphatha "Smersh" IKhomishana Yabantu Yomkhumbi Wamanzi.

3. UMnyango Okhethekile "Smersh" ezinhlanganweni zezindaba zangaphakathi.

I-counter-intelligence ye-USSR yayisungulwe kakhulu ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, njengoba kuboniswa ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu msebenzi emisebenzini yaseSoviet.

Imisebenzi ye-SMERSH

Kusukela ku-counterintelligence, ukuhlukaniswa iziqephu okwakungenye yezinhlanzi eziyinhloko eziye zasiza ukunqoba impi eqhubekayo neyinkimbinkimbi neHitler Germany, i-SMERSH ibhekene nemisebenzi ethile, okungukuthi:

- Ukulwa nama-scouts, izinhloli kanye namaphekula emayunithi, izikhungo ze-Red Army.

- Ukulwa nabantu abashumayela imfundiso ye-anti-Soviet.

- Ukudala umbuso ofanelekile, lapho amandla ohlakaniphile angaphandle angadlula ngaphesheya komugqa wangaphambili.

- Ukulwa nabathengisi ezweni lakubo nasezintabeni.

- Isheke ngokuningiliziwe kwabantu ababekuthunjelwe eduze nesitha.

- Ukusebenza kwemisebenzi ekhethekile.

Ukwenza imisebenzi yayo esebenzayo, isevisi ye-SMERSH counterintelligence yayinamalungelo alandelayo:

- Dala inethiwekhi ye-agent.

- Ukuqhuba uphenyo, ukugabha, kanye nokulalela abantu abasolakala ukuthi baba yizinhloli.

- Yenza izinyathelo zokuphenya.

- Yenza izinyathelo ezisebenzayo-zokucinga zokubamba nokulandela phansi izinhloli zangaphandle.

Abasebenzi SMERSH badalwe ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi beminyango ekhethekile ye-NKVD, ngoba kakade babenokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi wokufuna umsebenzi. Kodwa i-counterintelligence nayo yaqashwa ngamasosha.

Ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe kwe-counterintelligence

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, i-counterintelligence yaqala ukuthuthukisa ngendlela ehlukile. Okokuqala, ukuqhutshwa kwezempi kwakungasenziwa, futhi uhulumeni wase-USSR wayenaso isidingo sokubamba zonke izinhlobo zamaphekula ezazisongela ngemuva. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi wokuhlola wamazwe angaphandle wahluma, ngoba ayikho izwe elidinga i-USSR enamandla neyenziwe. Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nokulwa kwezempi sekuye kwaziwa kakhulu futhi ngezindlela eziningi kunikezwe imisebenzi yayo ku-K Office yeKomiti Yezokuphepha Yombuso. Kuwo wonke umlando walo, ikomidi liye laqhuba inqwaba yokusebenza. Abasebenzi bakwazi ukukhomba amanxusa amaningi ezinsizakalo ze-intelligence zangaphandle. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-KGB isikhathi eside lapho sekukhona khona kuye kwakha izindlela ezintsha zokuqhuba imisebenzi yokucinga emisebenzini kulo mkhakha. Izindlela eziningi zamaqhinga zisasetshenziswa ezinsizakalweni ze-counterintelligence ze-FSB, kodwa lokhu sekuhamba kancane. Izazi-mlando eziningi zesayensi zanamuhla zikholelwa ukuthi "isikhathi eside" soSoviet Union sithembele kakhulu ekubeni khona kwezinsizakalo zobuchwephesha nezomakhalekhukhwini.

ERussia yanamuhla, i-counter-intelligence ye-FSB ikhona kusukela ngo-1995. Le nsizakalo ibhekwa njengenkosi esikhundleni se-KGB, njengoba izici eziningi zomsebenzi zibolekeke kulezi zinsuku.

I-FSB - umqondo jikelele

Ngaphambilini sathola ukuthi counterintelligence ngumsebenzi okhethekile wokudalula izinhloli futhi ukuveza ama-agents angaphandle angenza imisebenzi enjalo. Ngokuba namuhla eRussian Federation okufanayo kwenziwa yi-Federal security service. I-FSB iyinhlangano ekhethekile, noma ngaphezulu, inhlangano ephezulu eyenza imisebenzi ekhethekile, ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha nobuqotho bombuso we-Russian Federation. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi insizakalo yokuphepha inelungelo lokwenza imisebenzi yokuphenya, yokusebenza nokucinga, kanye nophenyo. Noma kunjalo, imisebenzi yokubonga kanye ne-counterintelligence ibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwemisebenzi ye-FSB. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi inkonzo yokuphepha ayinayo inhlangano yokuqapha komnyango. I-FSB ibika ngokuqondile kumongameli waseRussian Federation.

Lo mzimba wasungulwa ngo-1995, lapho uMongameli esayina uMthetho we-Federal "Emiphakathini ye-Federal Security Service eRussian Federation". Lesi senzo sokujwayelekile kuze kube yilolu suku ngumthombo omkhulu wezomthetho wemisebenzi ye-FSB kanye noMthethosisekelo we-Russian Federation.

Imisebenzi yenkonzo yokuphepha

I-Counterintelligence ne-intelligence ayiyona imisebenzi ekhethekile ye-FSB. Ngaphambi kwensizakalo yileminye imisebenzi eminingi eyenza ukuthi kunqunywe yini imisebenzi eminingana, okungukuthi:

- Ukulwa nobuphekula.

- Ukulwa nobugebengu, okuyinto ethatha ifomu eliyingozi kakhulu.

- Ukuvikelwa komngcele wombuso kanye nobuqotho bomhlaba we-Russian Federation.

- Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kolwazi.

Ezinye imisebenzi zichazwe umthetho okhona waseRussia. Isibonelo, ngokucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezixhumanisi zenkohlakalo emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu emandla wombuso, indawo ebalulekile yemisebenzi ye-FSB ukulwa nenkohlakalo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ubuhlakani buhluke kanjani kubuchwepheshe bokuqapha, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici ezisebenzayo zalezi zikhombisi-ndlela ngokuhlukile. Okunye okubalulekile ukukhishwa kwabahlinzeki be-FSB, ngoba lesi sici sithinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yemisebenzi eyenziwa yilo mzimba.

Abasebenzi be-FSB

I-Counter intelligence ne-Intelligence - Lezi yizibonelo ezimbili zemisebenzi echitha isikhathi esidinga ukubandakanywa kwenani elikhulu labasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, izindikimba ze-FSB yonke indawo ziqedela abasebenzi bazo nezisebenzi zempi kanye nabasebenzi abangasebenzi. Njengomthetho, ama-servicemen anezikhulu zesikhulu, kusukela enkonzweni yomngcele nakwamanye amagatsha amabutho ahlomile ahilelekile. Ngalokhu, kunezikhungo zemfundo ezikhethekile, lapho ochwepheshe beqeqeshwa khona ku-Federal Security Service ye-Russian Federation. Ngaphezu kokuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo ngokomzimba, izikhulu ze-FSB kumele zibe namandla okusebenza kwengqondo nangokwengqondo ngokwanele, ngoba umsebenzi we-counterintelligence kanye no-intelligence udinga ngaphezu kwamakhono onke angavamile futhi ahlaziyekile.

Imisebenzi ye-Counterintelligence ye-Federal Security Service

I-counterintelligence yaseRussia imelwe izinsizakalo ezimbili eziyingxenye ye-FSB. Owokuqala yi-Federal Counterintelligence Service, kanti eyesibili insizakalo yezempi yokulwa nobugebengu ehlanganiswe ne-FSB ye-Russian Federation. Ukuphikiswa kobuhlakani be-FSB kuyadingeka ukukhomba nokucindezela imisebenzi ye-intelligence yama-agent wezinsizakalo ezikhethekile zangaphandle, kanye nezinhlangano zangasese nabantu ngabanye. I-FSB ibuye ihlinzekele imisebenzi yabangaphandle abaqoqa ulwazi ukuze balimale umbuso wezepolitiki, ubuqotho bomhlaba kanye nokuphepha kweRussian Federation. Emsakazweni kuze kube yimanje, ulwazi oluthile mayelana namayunithi we-counter-intelligence we-FSB. Isibonelo, ukutholakala koMnyango wezokuPhathwa kweziMali kwaziwa kwaphela emva kokuqokwa kwe-CIA ummeli uRyan Foghl. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zokuphepha zihlukanisa ngokucacile ububanzi bomsebenzi ngokumelene nezinsizakalo ezithile zangaphandle. Umnyango we-DKRO okhulunywe ngawo yi-unit of structural unit abasebenzi ababandakanyeka ekuboneni izinhloli nokulwa ne-CIA. Njengoba kunikezwe izinga eliphakeme lokufihla ngesisekelo sokuthi ubukhulu besibalo saseRussia bukhiqizwa ngokuqondile, kunzima kakhulu ukwahlulela imisebenzi yezindikimba ezikhethekile kule nsimu. Noma kunjalo, ukudalulwa kwangempela kwe-agent yangaphandle, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, kubonisa ukuqeqeshwa okuphezulu kwezikhulu ze-counter-intelligence ze-FSB.

I-Counterintelligence yaseRussia - isakhiwo

I-Federal Security Service iye yasungula isakhiwo esanele futhi esinokwethenjelwa kwensizakalo ye-counterintelligence, esebenzayo ngesabelo sezinguquko ezincane kuze kube yilolu suku. Isakhiwo sendawo, isevisi, siholwa yi-chief of counterintelligence. Ukwabiwa okuqhubekayo kwenzeka kubaphathi neminyango, enikezwe umsebenzi wokusebenza okhethekile. Ngakho, isakhiwo senkonzo ye-counterintelligence siqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

- UMnyango Wezinkampani Zokuqapha.

- Ihhovisi lokuxhumanisa, ukuhlaziywa kwemisebenzi ye-counterintelligence.

- Ukuphathwa kwemicimbi ekhethekile.

- UMnyango Wezokulwa Nezempi.

- Ihhovisi lezemisebenzi ye-counterintelligence kumasayithi.

- Isikhungo sokulondeka kolwazi.

Isakhiwo esakhiwe sivumela ukusebenza ngokushesha, ngokunembile nangokuphumelelayo kwemisebenzi esebenzayo ye-FSB service counter intelligence.

Kuyini ukuphikisa kwezempi?

Njengamanje, izinyunithi zamabutho ezempi zikhona naseRussia Federation. Kufanele kucatshangwe ukuthi loluhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi luhlukahluka ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kusuka ku-anti-intelligence yobuciko. Lokhu okuvame ukuhloswe ekuboneni izinhloli zakwamanye amazwe ngesikhathi sokuthula, lapho ziqoqa ulwazi ngomnotho, amandla okulwa, nokuvikeleka kombuso. Ukuzivikela kwezempi kwenziwa yiminyango yempi (eRussia - yi-Department of Military Counterintelligence). Ngokuvamile lokhu msebenzi kuqhutshwa ngesikhathi sokulwa, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqoqwa kolwazi ngesibhamu kanye nokulwa nokusebenza kombuso. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokucabangela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, izindlela nezindlela zokuzivikela ezempi ziningi ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nefomu lazo. Okulandelayo, sizobheka isikhathi esifanayo sezempi, futhi sizame ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ukuhlakanipha kuhluke kanjani ku-counterintelligence.

Intelligence - ngokungafani ne-counterintelligence

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sithole ukuthi counterintelligence, ukukhuluma ngokulinganayo, umsebenzi olwa nokuhlakanipha. Kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuhlakanipha kuhluke kanjani ku-counterintelligence, kubalulekile ukucabangela umqondo wokugcina. Izazi-mlando zanamuhla zemisebenzi ekhethekile zichaza ukuhlakanipha njengento ehlose ukuqoqa nokucubungula ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzi wesitha, izivikelo zayo, amandla ayo ezomnotho kanye nokulwa. Intelligence yenziwa ngosizo lwezindlela ezikhethekile zezindlela zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlakanipha kuyinto iqoqo yolwazi, futhi counterintelligence ngumsebenzi wokuvimbela owokuqala.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi counterintelligence yindlela eyinhloko yokuvikela ikhono lokuvikela lombuso ezweni lanamuhla. Njengoba ukuguqulwa kwamasu okubonga ukuthuthukisa nokuqapha, okukhombisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphelele kobuciko besintu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi enjalo ingenxa yomsebenzi wesayensi emkhakheni wokutadisha izindlela kanye namaqhinga we-counterintelligence.