I-CSS Framework: Impromptu kanye nemiphumela

Izitayela zokuhlaselwa (CSS) kuzo zonke izinto ezilula eziqondakalayo azivumeli kuphela ukudala isisombululo sokweklama, kepha futhi ukuhlinzeka ngezakhi ngesenzo sangempela, ukulingisa ukwenziwa kwekhodi yangempela.

Noma iyiphi ithegi ebonakalayo yekhalenda ye-HTML yindawo engxenyeni engxenyeni yesakhiwo nesimo esithile. Isici sinezibonakaliso zezixhumanisi, ubukhulu, izindleko, imibala, ifonti, izinhlaka zayo, njll. Uhlaka lwento e-CSS luchaza indawo ehlala kuyo, etholakala emngceleni walo ngaphakathi kuya ebubanzi oboniswe kule ncazelo.

Incazelo Syntax

Indawo yento ishiwo yizixhumanisi ezihlobene nekhoneni elingenhla elingakwesokunxele lekhasi (ngakwesokunxele, phezulu), ubukhulu bezingqimba nendawo (ububanzi, ubude). Konke ukuklama nokuvezwa kwe-element kwenziwa ngezimbili: "impahla: value".

Incazelo ichazwa ngokuqondile kwikhasi lekhasi, kufaka isitayela noma kufayili ehlukile, ekhomba kuso ngesixhumanisi se-LINK. I-Syntax:

# Igama {impahla: inani; Impahla: inani; Impahla: inani; ...}

Noma

.name {impahla: value; Impahla: inani; Impahla: inani; ...}

Igama lingabuye libe p, umzimba, html, itafula, td ..., okungukuthi, igama lomaka we-markup we-HTML. Ivunyelwe ukuxhuma incazelo yesitayela ngqo kwisici.

Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhluka kwakho ngokwendlela yezitayela zokubhala, akulimazi ukubona ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani kumasayithi athandwayo, ukugcina ikhodi yekhasi noma ukucindezela i-Ctrl-U ukuyibuka ngokuqondile kusiphequluli.

Imingcele eyisisekelo

Isakhiwo sangempela se-CSS salesi sici simele isitayela ( isitayela somngcele), umbala (umngcele-umngcele), ububanzi (umngcele-ububanzi). Ungachaza konke ngempahla eyodwa - umngcele. Ungakwazi ukuchaza umngcele ngamunye wefreyimu ngokuzimela (umngcele-phezulu, umngcele-phansi, umngcele-kwesobunxele, umngcele-kwesokudla).

Uhlaka lwe-CSS luchazwe ngemithetho ejwayelekile ye-cascading style sheet:

Umngcele: 3px;
Umngcele-umbala: obomvu;
Isitayela semingcele: idilize kabili imicibisholo eqinile.

Le ncazelo ibeka ububanzi befreyimu kuma-pixel angu-3, umbala ubomvu, isitayela eseceleni: ohlangothini oluphezulu luphindwe kabili, uhlangothi olungakwesokudla lugudluliwe, phansi kunzima, ngakwesokunxele kunamachashazi.

Ububanzi bomngcele: 1px 2px 4px 8px;
Umngcele womngcele: okwesibhakabhaka;
Isitayela semingcele: i-dotted.

Lapha ubukhulu behlangothini ngalunye buboniswa ngokulandelana, kusukela phezulu, ngokungahambisani ne-clockwise, umbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi isitayela sinamachashazi.

Umngcele wemibala: omnyama obomvu obomvu obuluhlaza;

Kule ncazelo, umbala ohlangothini ngalunye uboniswa ngokwehlukana. Impahla yomngcele ingabandakanya imingcele eminingana ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi izingxenye zomngcele zingagcwaliswa:

Umngcele: 1px oqinile oqinile;
I-border-radius: 0px 4px 8px 12px;
Umzila-umngcele-i-radius: 0px 4px 8px 12px;
-webkit-umngcele-irediyo: 0px 4px 8px 12px;

Ukusuka kwendlela yokwenza ifreyimu ku-CSS, ukuvakasha kuka-isivakashi kuncike, ngoba ngokuvamile lesi simiso sesitayela sisetshenziselwa izinjongo zobuchwepheshe: uma kubalulekile ukukhombisa ncamashi indawo noma usayizi wendawo ekhasini.

Ubukhulu befreyimu nenhloso yalo

Ukukhetha ubukhulu befreyimu, ungasebenzisa i-px, i-pt, em ..., kodwa kufanele uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi njalo kulesi sifunda. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi uhlaka lwe-CSS lunenjongo yokuklama, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo kulula ukuyisebenzisa ukugqamisa izakhi zekhasi.

Uma ifreyimu ikhiyiwe ekilasini eliyinhloko, okungukuthi, ayitholakali, ke, ekhomba e-class-pseudo-class: hover, ungabonisa isivakashi isici sekhasi lapho isikhombisi segundane sisekuye, isibonelo, khetha into yemenyu. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukhethe okuthile ngokuchofoza esithombeni, noma ukuhudula okuthile kwenye indawo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ifreyimu enezinhlamvu, futhi ungashintshi isizinda sesici noma okuqukethwe kwayo.

Ezinye izinhlelo zidinga ukukhetha isifunda sekhasi noma ukhethe izinto zokucubungula kamuva. Kulolu cala, ungakha i-div ngefreyimu ngesikhathi sokuchofoza futhi kuze kube yilapho isivakashi sikhipha inkinobho yegundane, siyibuyisele kabusha, sibonise ukubukeka komphumela wokukhethwa.

Ngaphandle kwalokho okushiwo

Izifundo ze-CSS ziyathandeka kakhulu, futhi kubalulekile ukucwaninga amakhodi wekhasi athandwayo. Noma kunjalo, imithombo yakhe kufanele ibe yinto eyingqayizivele, kufanele ibe nobuso bayo.

Uhlaka lwe-CSS oluhlinzekwa yi-syntax aluhlinzeki ngokuhlukahluka okuningi njengaloluhlelo lwaso. I-Impromptu iyisiqalo esihle, futhi akukho okuvimbela unjiniyela ukuthi angakha uhlaka lwakhe. Ikakhulukazi nayo yonke impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe be-intanethi kanye namakhono amazinga akhona, kunemiqondo eminingi ethembisayo esekelwe emaphutheni wangempela ku-syntax ekhona, leyo (ngencazelo) ihlale ihlelekile ngokuphelele.

Ngokuyinhloko, uma sifuna ukudala uhlaka lwalezi noma ezinye izakhi, kubonakala kunengqondo ukwenza lokhu ngendlela ephelele. Ngokuqokomisa izinhlangothi nama-angle endaweni ethile kumathegi ahlukene, ungathola imiphumela emangalisa. Futhi ngokunika abaphathi abafanele, ungakha izakhi zekhasi elinamandla ngokushintsha isimo, ukuma nokuqukethwe.