I-Drones ... Imoto engenasimo engasenqatshelwe. I-Drone ekulawuleni umsakazo

I-Drones yizimoto ezindizayo ezindizayo ngaphandle kwabantu abagibele, kepha zilawulwa phansi. Ngakho-ke, awakhulumi kwezobuchwepheshe be-aerial, kodwa kuma-robot alawulwa kude. Bavuswe emoyeni kakade emazweni angamashumi ayisihlanu ekhulwini lokugcina, umgomo wabo oyinhloko kwakuwukuthatha isithombe nokuphazamisa isitha.

Njengamanje, i-drones ayiyona imishini yempi kuphela. Unesicelo sokuthula ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa ake sikhulume ngakho konke ngokuhlelekile.

Umlando wezokuthuthukiswa

Umqondo wendiza enjalo ngaphandle komshayeli wemoto ungowomunye wezinjini zaseMelika wase-Ohio, owathi ngonyaka ka-1910 waqala ukwakha izindlela ezinjalo ukuletha inkokhelo kulitshe.

Ukuqaliswa kokuqala, okungabizwa ngokuthi yimpumelelo, kwenziwa e-UK. Waxazulula imisebenzi ehlukahlukene iminyaka eyishumi, kusukela ngo-1934 kuya ku-1943. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baqala ukuthuthukisa izikhali ezinjalo, ezazisetshenziswa ngempumelelo futhi zaholela egatsheni elisha kwezobuchwepheshe bezempi - imicibisholo yokuhamba.

ESoviet Union, bathuthukisa impumelelo yabo. Amadivaysi awaziwa yi-TB-3, esebenzela i-Red Army, kamuva eyashintsha yaba yizimoto ezingenakulinganiswa. Emashumini ayisithupha, ama-La-17R kanye nama-Tu-123 aziwa, okwenziwa ukuhlonishwa. Ukusheshisa ngo-1963 endizeni yaqhutshwa ngamakhilomitha angu-885 ngehora. La-17R inomzila wayo, kodwa futhi ukulawulwa kwama-drones kungenziwa kusuka emhlabathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imoto engaphenduliwe "Yastreb" (Tu-123) nayo yakhiwa, eyasetshenziswa kuze kube ngo-1972.

Ngemuva kokuwa kwezwe, zonke izikhundla ezithuthukile kule ndawo zalahleka. Abazange banakekelwe noma baxhaswe ngemali. Kuphela eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwabo kwaqala ukwabiwa imali futhi. Sizolinda, lapho, ekugcineni, kuyoba ne-drones entsha yaseRussia futhi izoletha i-furore emhlabeni.

Ama-UAV e-USA

Khona-ke, lapho ukuwa kwe-USSR kwenzeka, i-US yabamba lesi sinyathelo. Amashumi amabili amashumi angadluli ngeze. Kakade ngo-2010, cishe amasigamu ayizinkulungwane zamasosha ayehlanganyela ekuphathweni kwama-drones. Ngonyaka ka-2012, inani lamadivayisi anyukile kuye kweyesithathu kwezindiza zezwe.

Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-drone nekhamera, engasungulwa esandleni, okuthiwa i-Crow, i-Raven-Raven. Sekusevisi kusukela ngo-2003. Idivayisi ingalawulwa ngesandla noma nge-GPS. Ijubane elikhulu liyikhilomitha ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanhlanu ngehora, futhi ukuphakama lapho likwazi khona ukukhuphuka ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Ama-drones anjengezempi ayeyalwe e-Australia, e-Italy, eSpain, eBrithani naseDenmark.

Phakathi kwamazwe akhiqiza izindiza ezinjalo, kuze kube yimanje, ngaphezu kwe-United States neRussia, i-United Kingdom, i-Israel ne-Germany iyaziwa.

Imigomo Yomphakathi

I-drone ehamba ngezinyawo ayisetshenziselwa izinhloso zempi kuphela. Namuhla ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwalo bubanzi kakhulu. Njengoba ubukhulu bamadivayisi anamuhla abuguqukile kakhulu, sebebe sesabelomali ngaphezulu.

Zisetshenziselwa ukulawula imililo, izitshalo kanye nokufuduka kwezilwane. Basiza ukudala amamephu nokuqapha noma iyiphi indawo. Isibonelo, abalimi manje abakwazi ukuphambanisa zonke izitshalo, kodwa kuphela ukukhetha, okudinga, ukuceba. E-UK, ukuhlolwa kwemoya kwenziwa.

Noma kunjalo, ngaphezu kwesithombe nokudubula kwevidiyo, ama-drones ahambayo azama ukuthola olunye uhlelo lokuthula.

Imigomo yezohwebo nezidingo zomphakathi

Isibonelo, kukhona umqondo wokuwasebenzisa njengezithunywa. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuqhuma komgwaqo nazo zonke izinhlobo zobunzima, kubonakala sengathi i-drones encane ingaba nezinhloso ezinjalo. Ukuqala kuyaziwa enkampanini eyodwa yase-Australia okuthiwa i-Zookal. Kuhlelwe ngale ndlela ukuhambisa izincwadi kubathengi. E-US, kunenkampani ehlela ukuletha ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha, isikhathi esingeke sidlule imizuzu engamashumi amathathu.

Ngaphandle kwezinhloso zezohwebo, ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi emisebenzi yokusiza kanye nokusizwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha kuhloswe. Isibonelo, iphrojekthi isivele yaziwa lapho i-drones yekusasa ihambisa ama-defibrillator ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona indlela yokufinyelela ngokushesha ngemoto. Bazophinde bahambise izindandatho zokusindisa ngqo emanzini abantu abacwilisayo.

Noma kunjalo, kusasekho ukungahambisani nendawo ephezulu yezinga eliphezulu. I-Megacities yenqaba ukuvumela izindiza zama-drones ensimini yedolobha elikhulu.

Izinkinga ezikhulayo

Ukusabalalisa kabanzi kwale ndege, kunezingqinamba eziningi. Phela, i-drones enjalo yilawa madivaysi ahambelana nezinhloso zomphakathi, futhi ahamba endaweni ephansi. Kodwa okwamanje akakho isixazululo senkinga yokuvimbela ukushayisana kwabo ngendiza, nabantu kanye nezakhiwo.

I-drone yezempi nekhamera inikwe ama-radars nama-transmitters, yingakho ubukhulu bayo buyanda kakhulu. Izimoto ezinjalo zihamba kude nomuzi futhi zilawulwa ngokugcwele yizempi. Kodwa izakhamizi zihamba phansi, ngokuvamile ezindaweni lapho kunabantu abaningi. Futhi akukaze kube nokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi umphathi we-apparatus uyazi ukwenza lokhu, okungenani, kahle.

Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuhamba kwezindiza zomphakathi, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lonke lokuvimbela ukushayisana edolobheni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi.

Ake sicabangele amadivayisi ngesibonelo samamodeli amabili.

I-AR.Drone 2.0

Ama-drones anjalo amathoyizi athandwayo atholakalayo. Idivaysi ine-casing encane, lapho kuqhutshwa khona ama-propellers amane kanye nebhethri yokushaja. I-motor-noise engezansi ijikeleza abahamba phambili ngesivinini sezinguquko eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili nengxenye ngomzuzu. Ngenxa yokuvikela umswakama okhethekile, uyakwazi ukuhamba ngisho nalapho kunesimo sezulu esibi emgwaqweni.

Imininingwane eyinhloko kuyo ingabizwa ngokuthi i-lens enkulu yekhamera yekhamera, egcina ividiyo ye-HD ngamaphikseli angu-720. Kusukela ngezansi enye ikhamera, ngosizo lapho ijubane lendiza lihlaziywa khona. Ukunyakaza kuncike kwi-gyroscope eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ne-accelerometer.

Futhi kule model kukhona izinzwa ultrasonic kanye altimeter, okuqinisekisa indiza olunembile. Ilawula idivayisi ngokusebenzisa i-smartphone noma ithebhulethi.

I-Phantom 2 Umbono +

Ama-UAV asakazekile nasendaweni yezintatheli. Ngakho, ngosizo lwabo, izindawo ezinkulu nezinyathelo zokubhikisha zenziwe. Ngokwenhlolovo enjalo, kubalwa abantu ababili kuphela, okunye okuzoqapha ukuhamba kwendiza, kanti enye izokwenza ngqo ucwaningo.

Imodeli evamile yalezi zinhloso i-Phantom 2 Vision +, eyenza isithombe esiphezulu kakhulu. I-Dron ifana ne-helicopter, ingalawulwa kude kumamitha angamakhulu amane, futhi ijubane layo lingakwazi ukufinyelela amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu ngomzuzwana.

Ukuphathwa, kanye nemodeli yangaphambilini, ihamba nge-smartphone noma ithebhulethi. Ihlinzeka ngekhamera ye-sensor ye-megapixel elineshumi nane, i-lens ifinyelela kuma-degree ayishumi neshumi, kunezilungiselelo eziningi.

I-mini-drone

Kanye nama-drones acishe abejwayelekile we-size evamile, amadivayisi amancane asethuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, eHarvard RoboBee yayibuthene, ubukhulu bayo abukho ngaphezu kwemali. Kuyashesha kakhulu futhi kuhamba kahle kakhulu. Kodwa, idivayisi, isebenza ngokusebenzisa ukuthunyelwa, kodwa ukususa, mhlawumbe, akunzima kakhulu.

Ingabe kufanelekile ukulandela lokhu kumangala ukuvela kwamadivayisi amasha angakwazi ukubona ama-mini-drones. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sinyathelo sesivele sisekelwa ngemali. Kuyathakazelisa, ukuthi isiphi isipho esilandelayo sezentengiselwano sezentengiselwano sizoba "sicela" abathuthukisi abathengi bezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo?