Isimiso ezisebenza we Geiger counter bese dosimeters yesimanje

Yasungulwa ngo-1908 yi-physics kudivayisi Hans Vilgelmom Geygerom German uyakwazi ukunquma emisebeni ionizing kabanzi lisetshenziswe izinsuku zethu. Isizathu salokhu iyona sensitivity high zedivayisi, ikhono lawo ukuthola ezihlukahlukene ngemisebe. Ubulula futhi eziphansi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuthenga esiphikisayo Geiger kunoma ubani ekhetha ngokuzimela ukukala ezingeni emisebeni nganoma isiphi isikhathi futhi kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kuyini lokhu kudivayisi ukuthini futhi kusebenza kanjani?

Isimiso ezisebenza we Geiger counter

Ngu design, esiphikisayo Geiger ulula. Gilazi uphawu nge electrode amabili akhishwa igesi ingxube ehlanganisa neon futhi argon, okuyinto ionized kalula. Ingabe yanikezwa electrode high voltage (400 V), zona ngokwazo ayikhona imihlola osenyameni kubangela kuze yazi ngesikathi medium gaseous kule divayisi kungaqali inqubo ionization. Ukubukeka babevela ngaphandle izinhlayiya kuholela yokuthi electron eyinhloko kuthiwa yashesha emkhakheni ezifanele, baqala ionize namanye amangqamuzana medium gaseous. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya inkambu kagesi kubangela ngendathane electron kanye kudalwa ion obusha ngokucijile ukwandisa conductivity fu ion-electron. I gaseous naphakathi Geiger osenyameni kwenzeka. Isibalo pulses ezenzeka phakathi nesikhathi esithile isikhawu ithunzi elehlayo kwinani izinhlayiya eqoshiwe. isimiso esinjalo jikelele we Geiger counter.

Inqubo reverse, lapho medium gaseous ebuyiselwa isimo sokuqala kwenzeka ngokwalo. Ngaphansi isenzo Halogen (ngokuvamile ane-chlorine noma uxhumano lokudlulisa) e medium kwenzeka recombination okukhulu amacala. Le nqubo kancane kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho edingekayo isikhathi ukubuyisela nozwela Geiger counter, - isici ebaluleke kakhulu nameplate kudivayisi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izenzo Geiger counter isimiso ulula, uyakwazi ukuphendula emisebeni ionizing ka ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. It α-, β-, γ-, kanye-X-ray, i-neutron kanye emisebeni ultraviolet. Zonke incike design idivayisi. Ngakho, iwindi emnyango esiphikisayo Geiger, uyakwazi ukuthola ezithambile α- futhi β-emisebeni wenziwe mica ukushuba microns 3 kuya ku-10. Ngoba ukuthola ama-X ray -ke wenziwe beryllium, futhi ultraviolet - asebenza ngebhethri.

Lapho esetshenziswa esiphikisayo Geiger

Isimiso ezisebenza we Geiger esiphikisayo ngesisekelo dosimeters zamanje. Lezi amadivayisi ezincane kokuba izindleko iphansana, has a ukuzwela kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi bayakwazi ukubonisa imiphumela amayunithi womuntu esifundekayo. Ubulula ikuvumela ukuba usebenze lezi amadivaysi, ngisho nalabo abaneziqu umqondo ezikude kakhulu dosimetry.

Ngokuya izici ukunemba izilinganiso dosimeters kukhona professional kanye umthengi. Ngosizo kubo ungakwazi ngokushesha nangempumelelo ukunquma umthombo ionizing emisebeni luyatholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile futhi ezakhiweni.

Lezi amadivayisi asetshenziswa isimiso umsebenzi we Geiger counter, kungaba ngesikhathi esifanele kufayela-signal ingozi kokubili ngezimpawu zomsindo noma vibration. Ngakho, ungakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukudla, izingubo zokugqoka, ukuhlola ifenisha, izinto zikagesi, izinto zokwakha kanye nokunye. D. Ukuze ukungabi khona yingozi womuntu emisebeni umzimba.