I ebaziwe "Laocoön futhi Namadodana Akhe": incazelo kanye nokubuyekeza

Ngokudabukisayo ukusebenza of Parian zemabula Okugweda ezintathu "Laocoon namadodana akhe." I ebaziwe okubonisa imizamo iyize kayise nezingane zakhe ukubaleka ukwangiwa olubulalayo emthwalweni izinyoka zabo zomzimba.

Ingemuva inganekwane

Indaba iqala ezinsukwini zakuqala kakhulu. Esikhathini Leda enhle, unkosikazi, inkosi yakwa-Sparta Tyndareus, indodakazi uHelen kaZeyusi. Lapho esekhulile kwaba enhle kunazo zonke abafayo.

Okuningi kuye woo suitors, kodwa uHelen wakhetha Menelaus handsome. Ngemva kokufa Tyndareus wayezimisele for esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso.

Inkosi yakwa-Troy wazalelwa indodana Priam. Ohlola imihlola yabikezela nokuthi lo mfana ngibasanganise bonke Trojans. Ngokusho imiyalelo yenkosi kokuba ephonswe ehlathini waze wafa khona, kodwa ikhule ibe eliselincane nomhlambi ukudlula ngokuthula.

Izizathu kugqashuka impi le Trojans namaGreki

Three nonkulunkulukazi - Athena Hera futhi Aphrodite - etholwe unkulunkulukazi okubi yokungezwani Eris apula ngegama elithi "Okuhle". Abakwazanga ukukwenza ukwehlukana phakathi kwabo. Sly Hermes wathonyelwa Paris ukuba umahluleli ingxabano yabo. Aphrodite wathembisa Paris uthando ngowesifazane omuhle kunabo, uHelen, futhi wathola apula athandwayo. Paris weba uHelen emaphethelweni eGrisi bese wamthatha Troy kude. Yaqala kanjalo-ke impi isikhathi eside futhi olunegazi phakathi Trojans namaGreki ngokuba uHelen enhle.

On ohlangothini namaGreki olwaba Athena Apollo esesizile Trojans. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukwazi uma icubungula isicelo ebaziwe "Laocoon".

esilayidi Greek

Long, isikhathi eside, eminyakeni eyishumi kwaba impi. AmaGreki ovinjezelwe Troy akazange adikibale. Abaningi heroes abaye bafa nhlangothi zombili. Wily Odysseus esiphethweni kanjani ukungena emzini ovinjezelwe AmaGreki ebizwa squad ngesiGreki. AmaGreki wenza ihhashi omkhulu wokhuni. Bona basizwa u-Athena. Bamfaka amabutho akhe yakhetha ngobuqili: bagibela imikhumbi yabo ngomkhumbi baya olwandle. Nge glee eyobheka ekamu amaGreki kanye Trojans wama ukumangala lapho ebona ihhashi omkhulu.

Othile ahlinzekwa bamphonse olwandle, futhi abanye - ukuze asuse ku Troy njengophawu lokuthi anqobe. Lena iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukuba imaged inkomba. Umpristi Laocoon ebaziwe iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo, ngeke aphunyuke kwamaqhinga uPallas Athena.

lula Trojans

Ukuze izakhamuzi nabo kwesokunxele umpristi kankulunkulu Apollo. Ukuqopha "Laocoon" awabonisi iphuzu. Wancenga izakhamuzi ingamthinti nehhashi, inhlekelele enkulu abikezela. Laocoon ngisho waphonsa e umkhonto ihhashi, futhi ngaphakathi ikhala metal izikhali. Kodwa kungcono empunga ingqondo "abawinile". Abazange bakholwe ukuthi kufanele simesabe amaGreki, ngisho nalapho ngokuletha izipho. Bathembela nomfokazi, owathi ihhashi kumelwe kushwelezwe uPallas Athena, uma bembamba kuye. Njengoba esho, laphuma kolwandle isimangaliso wathumela Athena - izinyoka ezimbili ezinkulu. It is ngempela wakholisa Trojans, futhi bathatha ihhashi emzini.

Inganekwane Laocoon namadodana akhe

Ngu kolwandle Ngathandaza Poseidon Laocoon namadodana akhe. Lezi writhing umzimba izindandatho agqoke okubomvu njengoba amalahle, amehlo kanye crests ekhanda, ngokushesha futhi bangene ngokushesha ukuze aqinise silo esibi. Izinyoka, kokuba ephumile kolwandle, bahlasele lo ingozi. Leli phuzu ibonisa ebaziwe "Laocoon". Uvalwe zihambisana inyoka emhlabeni imizimba enamandla zabantu nokuzama hila kwabo. Ukulunywa esinesihlungu ubuhlungu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ulethe ukufa. Konke lokhu kubonisa ebaziwe "Laocoon". Yilokho okwaholela inkolelo ngokunganaki e ekunqobeni abakhileyo Troy.

Umlando uthola ebaziwe

Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili namashumi amabili edlule asePhergamu Okugweda engaziwa zethusi waphonsa ebaziwe iqembu aveza mortal combat of Laocoön namadodana akhe kanye izinyoka. Original wanyamalala. Ikhophi sculpted e amhlophe Rhodes namaGreki. Ngo isitayela yamaGreki Baroque wafika kithi "Laocoon" (ebaziwe). Umbhali wayo Agesandr Rodossky namadodana akhe Polydoros futhi Athenodorus. It atholakala 1506 feliks De Fridis izivini ngaphansi elinye lala magquma waseRoma. Kukhona ake wama Domus Aurea. Ngokushesha nje lapho uPapa uJulius II bafunde ngokulawulwa yokuthola esibalulekile, khona-ke ngokushesha wathumela ekuhloleni kwakhe wezakhiwo Giuliano da Sangallo noMichelangelo. ngokushesha Architect eqinisekisiwe ubuqiniso umsebenzi, okuyinto kwachazwa uPliny. Buaonorroti kunquma ukuthi owenziwe 2 izingcezu zemabula, nakuba uPliny wakhuluma ngetshe elilodwa.

isiphetho sakhe okwalandela

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, Bonaparte wathatha iqembu sculptural Paris. Esikhathini Louvre, kwaba zivuleleke ekutheni zihlonzwe, futhi ngemva kokunqotshwa Napoleon usubuyiselwe British yaseVatican. Kwanje Museum Pio-Clementine (Vatican).

ingalo Kwesokudla Laocoon ezitholakala 1905 Czech umvubukuli Ludwig Pollak esitolo nabakhi Roman walinika Museum Vatican. Ngo-1957, it ifakwe laqanjwa sculptural (ulwazi othathwe sihloko ngesiNgisi Digital Sculpture Project: Laocoön).

Namakhophi akhe amaningi enziwe. Italian - esiqhingini Rhodes le Uffizi Gallery, eMoscow - ku Pushkin Museum. Pushkin, Odessa - phambi Museum of Archaeology.

"Laocoon" ebaziwe: incazelo

Uma siqala kusukela isikhundla G. E. Lessinga, ukuthi imidwebo, ebaziwe - izinkondlo eziyizimungulu, umbukeli we fantasies sakhe kubikwa ukuqedela okungahambisani usho ngokuchachileyo umlobi.

Figure Laocoon kakhulu amehlo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi itholakala isikhungo, futhi ngoba abalobi wasebenza ngokucophelela zonke imisipha yomzimba wakhe onamandla. IThrojani Ukushikashikeka benenkinga izinyoka ezimbili ezinkulu. Amandla nimshiyile kakade, futhi iqala ukuba axazulule phezu kwe-altare. Noma kunjalo, usazama ukuzisekela. Unyawo lwesobunxele uhlezi phezu phansi ngeminwe yakho. Nomlenze wesokunene uzimisele futhi othinta i-altare. Ngesandla sobunxele uzama ize ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni umzimba ikhanda inyoka sika. Usekulungele ukuletha kokulunywa ebulalayo, wavula umlomo wakhe namazinyo ebonakalayo ebulalayo. Ingalo kwesokudla Laocoon ibheke futhi aluka emasongweni inyoka efanayo. Ikhanda + lakhe emuva. Umlomo wavula endaweni umhlibitho zobuhlungu Ukwesabeka kwakho ngokufa okusondelayo, abantwana bakwa-umzabalazo okukhulu nokuqaphela ukufa kwakhe okwase kuseduze.

Kubonakala sengathi lapho mboni Laocoon. Ukuqopha, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle uyaqhubeka ebangela ukuba uvalo ebabayo okuseduze ukufa futhi Laokoon namadodana ayo.

Kwesokunene sakhe, le ndodana encane is kusahlangene ngokuphelele indandatho inyoka. Wakhulisa bethuthumela isandla sakhe sokunene, kodwa izinyoka baye yenhlwathi kuye ku ikhwapha. Le nsizwa iqala awe, kokushiya i-altare, lapho uyise.

Siyaqhubeka kokucubungula ebaziwe "Laocoon namadodana akhe." Incazelo ebaziwe kuphelile.

Umfowabo omdala bemshiya uyise akhe iphenduka ubuso bakhe egcwele horror, isicelo buthule ukumkhulula emlenzeni obvivshego inyoka umsila.

Akakwazi uyiphatha ngesandla esisodwa. Nokho, Isibukeli, kubonakala sengathi anakho amathemba yokuba uyaphila, ukuthi, ngeshwa, akulona iqiniso. Njengamanje bobathathu uzofa.

Ngithanda ukuqeda incazelo izingcaphuno ezimbili. Euripides: "Akukho lutho ejabulisa onkulunkulu, njengoba uhlobo zokuhlupheka kwabantu." Futhi kuchazwe kahle onkulunkulu bamaGreki OSophocles: "Onkulunkulu bazimisele kakhudlwana ukuzamukela ukusiza umuntu nxa engena ukuhlangabezana ukufa kwakhe."

Isithakazelo bamaRoma ukuba ebaziwe

indlu lombuso waseRoma okukholakala ukuthi inzalo Trojans. Kuyinto iqhawe lawo Eneya, indodana ka Venus, unkulunkulukazi, wabalekela osebeni Tiber. Washada uLavinia futhi wasungula idolobha behlonipha wakhe (Practice de Mare). Umfowabo Ascanius eyasungulwa Alba Longa (manje Castel Gandolfo). Kuleli qophelo, ngemva kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa ozozalwa abasunguli waseRoma, Romul mina iNsalela. bamaRoma isifuba ethi baka onkulunkulu.

ababukeli lezivakashi

Izibukeli bakholelwa ukuthi Lessing ilungile ukuthi kwakumenyezelwa sebuhlungwini obunzima, abhekana naso Laocoon, ebaziwe kumele babhekane imithetho ubuhle. Laocoon akusho ukukhala, kodwa ukububula kuphela. Athena wayethumele ukujeziswa nabulungisa kuye. Ufanele nje ukuthi waxwayisa izakhamuzi zakubo kusukela isipho esiyingozi AmaGreki eziveza okuyinto ukubukelwa Athena. Man - nje ithoyizi olungenakuzisiza izandla wonkulunkulu.