Nkulunkulu Apollo - kankulunkulu wamaGreki kwelanga

izinganekwane Beautiful yaseGrisi yasendulo futhi yayo enkolweni yobuqaba ibe thonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko emhlabeni. Phakathi kwawonkulunkulu nambili ongafi, ohlezi Olympus, omunye ohlonishwayo kakhulu futhi othandekayo phakathi kwabantu ubulokhu ihlala unkulunkulu Apollo. Ukuze kuhlonishwe yakhe kwakhiwa amathempeli omangalisayo kanye eziqoshiwe zadalwa. Kwakubonakala zonke komculo ubuhle ongafi, ebusa umculo kanye izinkondlo. unkulunkulu welanga-golden-onezinwele ezimhloshana lalolusuku engakithi samuntu intsha, ekuhlakanipheni, eziphiweni onazo futhi umusa.

Apollo - unkulunkulu Welanga

Phezulu onkulunkulu isiGreki kungokwalabo esiwumvuthwandaba anamandla uZeyusi, kodwa wesibili emva Apollo - ngendodana yakhe ethandekayo. AmaGreki asendulo babembheka a unkulunkulu welanga kanye nobuciko, phakathi okuyinto indima esemqoka ukudlala umculo. Ukubukelwa phansi kwelanga-umfana imihlola, futhi kyokushin. Wayengumuntu kokubili sivumele isishaya-mthetho kanti ungumjezisi, umvikeli abelusi oda semthethweni. Patron wezokwelapha, Apollo ngesikhathi esifanayo angase nasylat isifo. Ezinganekwaneni WaseRoma, ngesiGreki, lokhu akabizwa ngonkulunkulu Apollo, kodwa futhi Phoebus, okusho "okhanyayo", "elikhanyayo", "ukuhlanzeka".

Apollo - unkulunkulu Greece - luvamise njengoba ukuhamba noma umile beardless nsizwa ebukekayo nezinwele segolide likhona emoyeni, futhi egcotshwa umfire. Ezandleni zakhe ophethe izimfanelo zabo esingashintshi - a uhadi umnsalo, umfanekiso onamandla yakhe futhi babe nesibindi. Sun - uphawu Apollo.

Ukuzalwa unkulunkulu amahle

Ngokusho izinganekwane, unkulunkulu Apollo wayeyindodana uZeyusi Leto titanidy (lalinguMilka, indodakazi ka-titanium). Ngaphambi unkulunkulu esilandelayo sazalwa, Leto base bazulazula ebalekela ulaka lonkulunkulukazi Hera - umfazi esisemthethweni ngokuthi uZeyusi. umama Apollo akwenzeki ayikwazanga ukuthola indawo yokufihla ikhanda. Kwakungenxa kuphela lapho kufika isikhathi sokuba abelethe ke uvikelekile siqhingi eyihlane ka Delos. nokubeletha Buhlungu yayithatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye eside nobusuku obungamashumi amane. Hera uyaphindisela uvinjelwe Eileithyia - unkulunkulukazi nokubeletha - sinosizo ehlobo.

Ekugcineni usana saphezulu wazalwa. Kwasekusithi ngosuku lwesikhombisa lwenyanga, ngaphansi wesundu. Yingakho Seven kamuva waba inombolo engcwele, njengoba lasendulo isundu ukuthi ayekhula Delos, ezikhathini zasendulo, wafuna pilgrim amaningi eza khonza endaweni lokuzalwa Apollo.

Apollo kanye no-Arthemisi

Kodwa lasendulo ngesiGreki unkulunkulu Apollo wazalwa hhayi omunye, kodwa udade twin - Arthemisi, okuyinto yaziwa kithi njengoba unkulunkulukazi ekuzingeleni. Umfowabo nodadewabo babe abacibisheli onekhono. Bow futhi imicibisholo Apollo - kusukela igolide kanye no-Arthemisi isikhali - esiliva. Le ntombazane wazalelwa ngaphambili. Futhi, ngokuvumelana Homer, kwaba yena owafundisa kamuva umfowabo kyokushin.

Bobabili twins baye njalo hit ilitshe ngaphandle miss, ukufa imicibisholo yabo kwaba lula nengebuhlungu. Umfowabo nodadewabo wavelelwa ikhono angaqondakaliyo zinyamalale ngokuphelele kusukela ekubukeni (owesifazane ziyoncibilika phakathi kwemithi yehlathi, umfana isuswe Hyperborea). Bobabili ahlonishwe ngokuhlanzeka kwabo okusezingeni eliphezulu.

uthando unrequited

Kuzwakala kungavamile, kodwa unkulunkulu ekhazimulayo Apollo wayengekho happy othandweni. Nakuba kuba ube nesandla lokhu ngokwakhe. Angizange kufanele behleka Eros, ethi engakutholi hit at kyokushin. Ngo ukuphindiselwa, abahleki abahleka usulu Apollo unkulunkulu uthando ligolide umcibisholo inhliziyo, omunye umcibisholo (okuphambukisayo uthando) Eros eyakhishwa ngo inhliziyo Nymph uDaphne.

Apollo, udakiwe uthando lwakhe, waqala ukuxosha wakhe, kodwa Daphne okukhulu baphuthuma unkulunkulu emfuleni - uyise. Futhi adwebe indodakazi ibe umfire. Ngisho nangemva kwalokhu uthando disconsolate nsizwa ayizange lidlule. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, umfire kwaba isihlahla sakhe esingcwele, umqhele owenziwe kusukela amaqabunga awo, wake luhlobise ikhanda kaNkulunkulu.

Kulesi uthando Apollo ukuphazamiseka aziphelelanga lapho. Ngolunye usuku, yena Yangihlaba umxhwele ubuhle Cassandra - indodakazi Priam (yinkosi of Troy) kanye Hecuba. Apollo wanika isipho oyisangoma intombazane kodwa wathatha izwi lakhe ngoba lokho ukubuya yena uyoyinika luthando lwakhe. Cassandra waqamba amanga ngoNkulunkulu, futhi lokho siphindiselelwe ke, yenza ukuze abantu abakholelwa izibikezelo zakhe, sicabanga umprofethikazi uyahlanya. intombazane Bengathokozile ngesikhathi iThrojani neMpi balwisana ukuxwayisa izakhamuzi ingozi of Troy, okuyinto okusongelayo kubo, kodwa abazange bakholwe kuye. Futhi Troy lathunjwa isitha.

indodana ka-Apollo

abantu oNgcwele ohlonishwayo unkulunkulu imithi, Asclepius (Aesculapius kule nguqulo Roman) ubhekwa indodana Apollo. ofayo Born, wathola kamuva isipho sokungafi ngekhono lakhe angenakuqhathaniswa yelapha abantu. Asclepius wakhuliswa ngu abahlakaniphileyo Chiron centaur, nokuthi wafundisa ukuphulukisa wakhe. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu umfundi uvelile umeluleki wakhe.

INdodana Apollo kwaba udokotela unekhono ngakho, wayezoyivusa ngisho nabantu abafile. Onkulunkulu bamthukuthelela ngesikhathi ngenxa yalokho. Ngemva abafayo ngokuvusa Asclepius wephule umthetho omiswe onkulunkulu Olympus. UZeyusi wamshaya nonyazi lwakhe luya. Kankulunkulu wamaGreki Apollo ukuze uthole ngisho nokushonelwa yindodana yakhe kangangokuthi wabulala lo Cyclopes, okuyinto, ngokusho legend, imibani kokuzihlanganisa (ukuduma nokunyazima kombani, okuyinto uZeyusi metal). Nokho, Asclepius ushwele futhi asebafa ngentando Moir (onkulunkulukazi bokudalelwa). Wayelethwa abanikwe ukungafi futhi isihloko unkulunkulu wokwelapha nemithi.

Nkulunkulu-umculi

Apollo - unkulunkulu welanga - ubulokhu uhlotshaniswa nathi ngala amayunithi wezinhlamvu izimfanelo: umnsalo olunezintambo. Omunye wabo iyenza ukukhiqiza imicibisholo yokubukisa ngesikhathi target, kanye nezinye - ukudala umculo omnandi. Ngokuthakazelisayo, AmaGreki ayekholelwa ukuthi phakathi kwalezi ubuciko ezimbili kukhona ubuhlobo. Ngempela, umuntu ezimweni zombili, kukhona indiza ethile. Iculo futhi izimpukane ngqo izinhliziyo zabantu futhi imiphefumulo, efana umcibisholo elitsheni.

Apollo umculo ehlanzekile, abafana naye. Le ngcweti ezingoma umsindo uyakwazisa obala nokuphimisela ngokucacile umculo. art yakhe zomculo oziphakamisa umoya womuntu, kunikeza abantu ukukhanyiselwa okungokomoya futhi bokungafani umculo we Dionysus, ethwala i-ecstasy, ubudlova kanye nogqozi.

ENtabeni Parnassus

Ngokusho yetinsita lapho umhlaba kufika intwasahlobo, igama lesiGreki unkulunkulu Apollo ethunyelwe Mount Parnassus, eduze okuyinto ikhononda Castalian entwasahlobo. Kube Uyabahola dance ne Muses phakade abasha - amadodakazi uZeyusi: Thalia, Melpomene, Euterpe, Erato, Cleo, Terpsichore, Urania, Calliope futhi Polyhymnia. Bonke bangabangasokile abashisekeli the ubuciko ahlukahlukene.

Nkulunkulu Apollo kanye Muses ndawonye bakha Ensemble saphezulu, lapho amantombazane Ucula, futhi uhamba ekuhlabeleleni kwabo umdlalo ku olunezintambo yayo yegolide. Ngalezo zikhathi lapho uzwa choir yabo, imvelo uyama ukuze ujabulele umsindo waphezulu. UZeyusi yena ngalesi sikhathi kuba mnene, nombani ezandleni zakhe fade futhi olunegazi unkulunkulu Ares bayakhohlwa impi. Nokuthula kuyizinto yokunqoba uma ku Olympus.

Kumila Delphic kwegumbi

Lapho unkulunkulu Apollo wayesekhona esibelethweni sikanina ngomyalo Hera njalo baphishekela abanolaka dragon Python. Futhi lapho unkulunkulu abasha wazalwa, washeshe wafuna okuziphindiselela konke ukuhlupheka eyehlela ehlobo. Apollo wathola umhosha amnyama eduze Delphi - ikhaya we Python. Futhi ucingo lwakhe kwaba dragon. Imbona Kwakwethusa: elikhulu zibe maholoholo umzimba writhing izindandatho abaningi phakathi kwamadwala. Lonke umhlaba wazamazama nge yimpandla lakhe elinzima, nezintaba ebhidlikayo olwandle. Zonke bahlala ukwesaba babaleka.

Lapho Python wavula aphefumula umlilo wakhe umlomo, kwakubonakala sengathi okomzuzwana, futhi ngeke amunca Apollo. Kodwa okwamanje elilandelayo kwakukhona jingle zegolide imicibisholo owahlaba emzimbeni lesilo nodrako awa phansi. Ukuze kuhlonishwe ngokunqoba Python wasungula Apollo at Delphi usho ukuthi laduma nentando yabantu uZeyusi.

Kodwa nakuba Apollo futhi bakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu izibikezelo neziprofetho, yena uqobo usho awupheli ke. Izimpendulo zemibuzo eminingi abantu wanika Pythia nompristikazi. Coming esimweni frenzy, waqala akuveza ukumemeza amazwi incoherent, eyayibonakala ngokushesha esalotshwa abapristi. Bona bahlathulula izibikezelo Pythia futhi bayidlulisele le imibuzo.

Ukuhlawulelwa

Ngemva unkulunkulu Apollo abachitha igazi Python, yisinqumo kaZeyusi, kuye kwadingeka ukuba ohlanziwe lesisono nokuyisebenzisa. Le nsizwa ayeyiswa laseThessaly, lapho inkosi ngaleso sikhathi kwaba Admetus. Apollo kwaba ukuba abe umelusi emsebenzini elula kanzima ukufeza wokuhlengwa. Ngokuzithoba ukudlula imihlambi yasebukhosini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, khona emadlelweni abanzi, play ezihlekisayo emhlangeni umtshingo elula.

umculo wakhe lalimangalisa kangangokuthi ngisho nezilo zasendle kwaphuma ehlathini ukumlalela. Lapho Apollo - unkulunkulu yaseGrisi yasendulo - kudlalwa umculo, amabhubesi abanolaka and panther okuzingela uhamba ngokuthula phakathi nomhlambi wakhe nge inyamazane futhi roes. Duzane wabusa injabulo nokuthula. Esikhathini endlini yenkosi Admetus ukuchuma ayithole ngokungafanele. Amahhashi akhe futhi izingadi babe the best eThessaly. Apollo wasiza Admetus futhi uthando. Wanikeza inkosi ngebutho elikhulu ngu okungase yena usetshenziswe ukuba inqola wengonyama. isimo esinjalo wakhululwa noyise emthandayo ka Admetus - Alcestis. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili Apollo wakhonza wakhe njengomalusi. sihlawulelwe ngokugcwele isono sakhe, wabuyela eDelphi.

ethempelini Delphic

Apollo - unkulunkulu ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, ngubani, njengabanye-Olympic unkulunkulu ohlonishwayo, iye immortalized. Futhi hhayi kuphela emifanekisweni zemabula nama-legends. Ukuze kuhlonishwe yakhe amaGreki esakhiwe amathempeli eziningi. Kukholakala ukuthi ithempeli lokuqala kakhulu anikezelwe nonkulunkulu welanga, yayakhiwe in eDelphi, phansi we-Oracle. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze uthi yayakhiwe zonke ngokuphelele emagatsheni laurel esihlahleni. Yiqiniso ukwakhiwa izinto ezinjalo ziyaqothuka kabaze baba lakho ukuma isikhathi eside, futhi ngokushesha kwisayithi, isakhiwo emisha yenkolo.

Indlela i-akhawunti ithempeli lika-Apholo at Delphi, emanxiweni zisekhona kuze kube sesikhathini sethu, manje kunzima ukusho, kodwa manje sibona belunjani omkhulu bonke kanye kanye ethempelini eDelphi. Izazi-mlando, a baxgeki bathi emnyango lendlu engcwele kwakune okucashunwe nge imiyalo emibili eyinhloko kaNkulunkulu, athi: ". Yazi isilinganiso" "Yazi uzithanda wena 'futhi

Esifanekisweni edume kakhulu unkulunkulu

Apollo - unkulunkulu lasendulo, owaphefumulela abaculi eziningi kanye Okugweda ukudala imisebenzi enhle yobuciko. Ezweni kukhona abaningi ukubaza yakhe. Kodwa esifanekisweni ephelele kakhulu, okuyinto ithumba umfanekiso omunye ohlonishwa kakhulu onkulunkulu bamaGreki - esiveza zemabula ka "Apollo Belvedere". Lokhu esifanekisweni ikhophi, ongenzanga master engaziwa Roman nge zethusi ngesiGreki ebaziwe Leochares, owakhonza esigodlweni Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Original, ngeshwa, akazange ngasinda.

ikhophi Marble ezitholakala villa we uNero. Usuku olunembile ukutholakala ayaziwa, kwenzeka esikhathini esithile phakathi kuka iminyaka 1484 futhi ngo-1492. Ngo-1506 umsebenzi elingenakuqhathaniswa art walethwa kweVatican ubekwa ensimini Belvedere. Kuyini yena, unkulunkulu Apollo? Isithombe nezithombe, maye, ungakwazi kuphela ukunikeza umqondo jikelele kanjani amaGreki asendulo bekubona. Kodwa kunento eyodwa eqinisekile: Apollo, ngisho esikhathini sethu angabhekwa litshwayo lobuhle besilisa.