I Gagauz ulimi kanye nemikhakha yalo

Kusukela ngo-1990, eningizimu Moldova isimemezele ngokusemthethweni uzibuse Gagauzia. Kuyinto iyunithi ezizimele indawo, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ziyahlangana ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kanye Russian kanye baseMoldova ke kabanzi lisetshenziswe zokuxhumana nokubhala ulimi Gagauz. Jwayelana izici zawo, umlando kanye nezilimi zezigodi.

iqoqo lezilimi

Ulimi Gagauz kungokwalabo iqembu Turkic izilimi. Ngokusho impahla yayo kwezakhi zolimi ke kufana Azerbaijani futhi Turkmen nezandiso. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ezimpambanweni okutholakele ngokukhipha zezilimi nge ulimi Turkish. Typologically Gagauz ulimi kungokwalabo Oguz iqeqebana Kodwa omkhulu ithonya nezinye izinhlelo. Ikakhulukazi, kusukela isiRashiya, isi-Bulgari futhi Balkan-Romanesque.

Ngokusho ngokolimi ucwaningo, kukhona lwendabuko izipikha, njengoba umthetho, Gagauz, noma abantu abaye izimpande noma Gagauz eziphilayo komakhelwane.

indaba

Ukuze uzwisise umsuka ulimi, kubalulekile ukuba bajwayelane umlando lwezikhali yayo. Ngokuphathelene esidlule we Gagauz, kuba impela ezingacacile. Izazimlando ziye imicabango ezintathu ngemvelaphi yalesi sizwe. Eyokuqala lisikisela ukuthi uvela nokwenziwa kwe-Oguz, Pechenegs futhi Cumans. Ngokwe-mbono wesibili, amadlozi we Gagauz kukhona Seljuk abaseTurkey, ngubani ekhulwini le-18 exutshwe Polovtsy futhi zakha Oguz isimo. Ekugcineni ngo-enye inguqulo, Gagauz - inzalo abakhuluma Turkic ka baseBulgaria ngubani ekhulwini 7th loMfula eVolga bethuthele aseBalkan, futhi wangekhulu lesi-9 ebuKristwini.

Womathathu la imibono eyayisinesikhathi abanalo izifundo eziphathelene namalimi eqondile. ubufakazi bezimo kungenzeka imithombo ethnographic kanye zamasiko kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, yezinganekwane nezimfumbe ngolimi Gagauz e indaba yabo futhi eligoqiwe enibaziyo imisebenzi lasendulo ukuthi behlele kithi ezizweni Turkic abalwe ngenhla.

ukusatshalaliswa ezindawo

Inani labantu abakhuluma Gagauz ulimi abantu abangaphezu kuka-150 eziyinkulungwane. It is ikakhulukazi kwasakazwa Moldova (Gagauzia) kanye Odessa esifundeni (Ukraine). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezindaweni ezincane distribution system kuvamile kwamanye izindawo Kazakhstan ne-Uzbekistan.

Ngo-2004, ukubalwa kwabantu lwenziwe eMoldova. Ngokusho imiphumela yayo kwembula ukuthi abantu Gagauz zaba abane kuphela amaphesenti kwesigamu ukwakheka Imininingwane. Kuyinto abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-120. Kulawa, abantu abangaba yikhulu ayizinkulungwane ophilayo ikakhulukazi Gagauzia, kanti bonke abanye lapho esezinzile nezinye izifunda Moldova.

Izikhathi ezine ngaphansi, ngokuvumelana umbiko wokubalwa kwabantu ka-2001, labantu Gagauz e Odessa esifundeni. Lona ngowodwa nje amaphesenti angu-labantu. Yiqiniso, ukuphepha ulimi Gagauz lingaphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Gagauz ngokwabo ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izilimi Russian noma Ukraine okwesikhathi nokuhlalisana ukhululekile bezinye izizwe.

zezigodi

Ngazo zonke izilimi kukhona into okuthiwa ulimi (noma izilimi zezigodi). Lolu hlobo ulimi njengoba wokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, ngenxa ezindaweni zabo zendabuko. Ulimi Gagauz has zezigodi ezimbili: chadyrlungsko-Comrat (noma maphakathi) kanye Vulcaneshti (noma eningizimu). Eyokuqala ezindaweni ezimbili ngokwendawo united Gagauzia: Ceadir-Lunga futhi Comrat. Lokhu lwesigodi wathonywa izilimi baseMoldova futhi Russian. Ngokuqondene lwesigodi lwaseningizimu, the zezilimi kuchazwe eduze bomdabu Gagauz ulimi.

It is eyaziwa ukuthi abantu Gagauz abahlala eNhlonhlweni Yamazwe AseBalkan, kanye Hajali ezihlobene. Impambaniso Abantu wanikeza inombolo olukhudlwana futhi ezihlukene kaningi sigodzi, okuyinto manje inqubo yocwaningo by zezilimi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Bulgarian, Macedonian, Turkish kanye nezinye izilimi zezigodi.

Ithonya ulimi Turkish

ukunakekela okukhethekile unikezwa ithonya ulimi Turkish. Phela, lezi zazi zolimi ukuthola okuningi ezifuze indlela yokubiza amagama nezindlela isakhiwo lucebe kokubili izilimi. Fundzisisa "ixhumana" Gagauz ulimi nge-Turkish inkulumo etemibhalo yawa phezu kwezinsizwa 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, ngokusebenzisa abezindaba kanye ekuqiniseni ubudlelwano phakathi wamazwe kwezomnotho kanye izivakashi nge Turkey Gagauzia.

Kumele Nokho waphawula ukuthi turtsizmy, njengoba Russianisms zingene Gagauz (Lehlelekile) inkulumo namuhla.

lokubhala

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19 e-Gagauz kwakungelona iskripthi bomdabu. Kuphela ngo-1957 Gagauz zamagama sidalwe okusekelwe izinhlamvu zamagama zesiCyrillic. Nokho, ngo-1993 eMoldova, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele Gagauz zamagama eLatin. Kulokhu, zamagama ukuthi olwesimanje e isampuli Turkish: engezwe izincwadi ezengeziwe A, E, T ne uphawu ehlukile ekuphimiseni. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu kabusha, e ukushicilela in 2012 zisasetshenziswa Cyrillic Gagauz.

Isimo uhlala impikiswano kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokwesibonelo, iphephandaba Gagauz "Hakikatyn Sesi" Manje kwaqala ukunyatheliswa kwezincwadi kokubili Latin futhi Cyrillic. Iqukethe hhayi kuphela ikholomu izindaba, kodwa futhi izindaba short, tindzaba, tinkondlo ngolimi Gagauz. Konke lokhu kwenziwa ukuze ulondoloze ulimi futhi ulithumele enzalweni yabo.

idijithi kanambambili

Ithonya izilimi angomakhelwane Gagauz esiyitholayo ngokucacile kakhulu oyiyo ifonotiki. Ngakho, kulezi zimfanelo Balkan ebonakaliswa ukubukeka isici umsindo [futhi] ne osetshenziselwa "e". Kodwa, ngokungafani ulimi baseMoldova futhi Bulgarian, lilondolozwe ngokulandelana e Gagauz synharmonism (lapha siphathelene labial okuthiwa nokuvuleka umsindo).

Ulimi Gagauz ubuswa onkamisa double ekupheleni esingayindawo Isenzo (isib, Alma - thatha). Lezi zinhlanganisela zibangelwa lokugcina umsindo nokwenziwa "k" (qhathanisa ne round:. Almak - thatha).

Maqondana ongwaqa yaphawula umphumela olunye ulimi. Ulimi Gagauz uvele inhlanganisela ezifana "bl" "br", "cr", "tr", "ff" Umusho washintsha ithoni, ukufana abalufundile izilimi angomakhelwane.

silulumagama

Budebuduze naleli Gagauz nezilimi Turkish kubangelwa hhayi kuphela ukusondela indawo abathwali yabo esikhathini esidlule, kodwa futhi ngezinye izizathu zomlando. Umgqugquzeli we-Turkish kabusha ulimi Mustafa Ataturk. Wazama ukuhlanza uhlelo kusuka Arabisms futhi persizmov. Ngenxa yalesi kwakudingekile ukuze ujike kulimi Gagauz, njengoba kunjalo, uma kuqhathaniswa WaseTurkey Turkish kwaba kakhulu khulula yesikweletu. Ngakho, Gagauz lwesigodi waba isisekelo ekahle, umnyombo yolimi lwanamuhla Turkish.

Nokho, akufanele overestimate ohlelweni, okuyinto ke umelwe ulimi Gagauz. Amagama, ezifana yesayensi, isikhulu-ibhizinisi isitayela weza kuye evela yesiLatin, isiRomania, Turkish. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, njengoba sekushiwo, kakhulu kakhulu ukuthonywa uhlelo Slavic.

Gagauz - abantu Orthodox. Futhi-ke, yomoya iyatholakala ngolimi Gagauz. silulumagama yenkolo zemigwaqo eminingi ne isiGreki Arabhu.

Household isichazamazwi Gagauz ahlanganiswe kokubili by imithombo ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Iningi abezindaba imelelwa Russian-Gagauz izilimi ezimbili, naye ngumnikazi nezinye izilimi (baseMoldova, isi-Ukrainian, isiBulgaria, isi-Romanian).

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

• Ngo-2010, i-UNESCO ethulwa inhlangano "Umhlaba I-Atlas of ezisengozini Izilimi." Imininingwane umhlahlo, ekupheleni kwekhulu le planethi uzonyamalala isigamu esetshenziswa namuhla. Esikhathini "uhlu black" futhi hit ulimi Gagauz. Lokhu kungenxa nje kuphela interpenetration ka ulimi izinhlelo, kodwa futhi inombolo encane egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele izici akhawunti ubudala. Uma abantu asebebadala kanye nezingane zabo basayikhumbula nokuzwisisa ilimi bomdabu, le abazukulu - ayisekho.
• Ukuze alondoloze ulimi lwendabuko Gagauz uqalisiwe ukushicilela, wadubula Russian-Gagauz wesichazamazwi ukuphrinta elekthronikhi. Isimiso esinjalo singafaneleki sphere zemfundo. Isibalo izivivinyo saziso esikoleni esiphakeme manje esiyingxenye indaba ngolimi Gagauz.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, "i-Gagauz Union" lahlelwa ngo-2012. Inhloso yayo yokuletha ndawonye nalabo abamele abantu futhi abenzele ukuphepha adingekayo kuzo zonke izici zokuphila. Lokhu kusebenza futhi nezindaba amasiko nokuphathelene nezilimi. Njengengxenye ukukhuthazwa izenzakalo nemihlangano of abalobi kanye izimbongi ababhala ngolimi Gagauz, amakhonsathi omculo eqoshiwe isiqophi Ukugunda.

• Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo imizamo abathwali ukuze alondoloze bomdabu Gagauz ulimi umhumushi ohlelweni lwaso ethandwa Google ekwenzayo. Futhi noma yiluphi ushintsho kule ndaba is akulindelekile.
• Gagauz kathathu bahlanganyela "Tyurkovidenii" (efana "ESC"). Isikhundla eliphakeme esasisentshonalanga izwe - 10 endaweni. It ngo-2015 wathatha Valentin Ormanzhi, enza ingoma "Love me, uthando" e-Turkish. Onyakeni owawandulele, wayemi Mary Topal. Ingoma ngolimi Gagauz "wakhala" samenzela indawo 16.
• Balkan-Gagauz ulimi manje kubhekwe zimila Hajali ophilayo eNhlonhlweni Yamazwe AseBalkan. Babuye ngokuthi Gagauz, kodwa empeleni abantu abahlukahlukene, nakuba basonta legatsha Turkic. Nokho Hajali abathi US Islam. ulimi lwabo luye zezigodi eziyisishiyagalombili isaba ayiqondakali kahle namuhla. Inani izikhulumi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule neze kudlulwe abantu abayizinkulungwane 15.