I-Katscher Brovina - iyini futhi yikuphi ukusebenza kwayo okuwusizo? Indlela yokwenza i-Brovin?

I-Kacher Brovina yinguqulo yokuqala ye-generator ye-oscillations kagesi. Ingahle iqoqwe kuzinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zomsakazo osebenzayo. Ngesikhathi lapho ihlanganisiwe isebenzisa insimu noma i- bipolar transistors, izikhathi ezincane - amashubhu omsakazo (ama-triode nama-pentode). UKatscher Brovina yasungulwa ngo-1987 yi-Soviet engozini yomsakazo u-Vladimir Ilyich Brovin njengengxenye yenkomfa ye-electromagnetic. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi hlobo luni lwedivayisi.

Izinga elingaziwa lezinto ze-semiconductor

U-Kacher Brovina uhlobo lwe-generator oluhlangene ku-transistor olulodwa futhi lusebenza, ngokusho komsunguli, ngendlela engavamile. Le divayisi ibonisa izinto ezingavamile ezibuyela emuva kwizifundo zikaNicola Tesla. Azivumelani nanoma yimiphi imibono yesimanje ye-electromagnetism. Kusobala ukuthi i-kachcher ka-Brovin iyinhlobo ye-semiconductor dischargeer, lapho ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi kudlulela kwisisekelo samakristallini we-transistor, ngokweqa isiteji sokwakhiwa kwe- arc kagesi (i-plasma). Into ethakazelisayo kunazo zonke ngedivaysi yukuthi emva kokuphazamiseka i-crystal ye-transistor ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi idivayisi isekelwe ekuhlakalweni kwe-avalanche eguquguqukayo, ngokungafani nalokho okushisayo, okungenakuphikiswa kwe-semiconductor. Kodwa-ke, njengobufakazi bale ndlela yokusebenza kwe-transistor, izitatimende eziqondile kuphela eziholayo. Akekho, ngaphandle kwalowo owasungula ngokwakhe, uphenye ukusebenza kwe-transistor kudivayisi echazwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho lokhu kungukuthi u-Brovin ngokwakhe ucabange. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ukuqinisekisa i-"crocheting" idijithi yedivayisi, umsunguli uveza iqiniso elilandelayo: bathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi ubuciko bokuxhuma i-oscilloscope kudivayisi, ubukhulu bemipula obonisiwe kuyohlale buhle.

Mhlawumbe i-Kacher iyinhlobo lomkhiqizo we-generator?

Kukhona futhi inguqulo enjalo. Phela, isifunda kagesi sedijithali sifana kakhulu ne-generator yemigudu kagesi. Noma kunjalo, umbhali wezinyathelo ezigcizelele ugcizelela ukuthi idivayisi yakhe inomphumela ongewona ocacile kusuka kwizikimu ezihlongozwayo. Inikeza incazelo ehlukile yokugeleza kwezinqubo zangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-transistor. Ku-generator yokuvimbela, i-semiconductor ivuliwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yokugeleza kwamandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa ikhoyili yempendulo yesifunda esisekelweni. Ekuthungeni, i-transistor kufanele ivalwe unomphela yilokho okuthiwa indlela engeyona ecacile (kusukela ekudalweni kwamandla we-electromotive ku-coil yempendulo ehlangene nesifundazwe se-semiconductor namanje isakwazi ukuyivula). Kulolu cala, okwakhiwa ngokuqoqwa kwamacala kagesi endaweni ephansi ukuze kuqhutshekwe ukuqhutshwa okunye, ngesikhathi sokudlula umthamo wamandla wezingqimba, kudala ukuphazamiseka kwe-avalanche. Noma kunjalo, ama-transistors asetshenziswe yi-Brovina awahlelwe ukuthi asebenze ngendlela ye-avalanche. Ngenxa yalokhu, uchungechunge olukhethekile lwe-semiconductors lwaklanyelwe. Ngokusho komsunguli, awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-bipolar transistors kuphela, kodwa futhi nensimu, kanye nama-tubes omsakazo, naphezu kokuthi bane-physics ehlukene yomsebenzi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuthi ungagxili ekufundeni kwe-transistor ngokwayo epompo, kodwa kumodi ethize ye-pulse yokusebenza kwesifunda sonke. Empeleni, lezi zifundo futhi zenza uNicola Tesla.

Inventor mayelana nedivayisi

Ngo-1987, u-Brovin wahlanganyela ekwakheni ikhampasi, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuba anqume izinhlangothi zomhlaba hhayi ngokubona, kepha ngokuzwa. Uhlele ukusebenzisa i-generator yevaysi yomsindo eguqulela ithoni ngokuhambisana nelungiselelo ledivayisi ngokuphathelene nensimu yamagnesi yeplanethi. Njengesizathu, i-generator evimbelayo isetshenzisiwe, isithuthukisiwe, futhi i-device eyalandela kamuva ibizwa ngokuthi umqeqeshi kaBrovin. Isifunda se-generator esinokwethenjelwa sabonakala siwusizo kakhulu: sakhiwe ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-classical, kuphela i-loop yempendulo esekelwe emgodini we-inductance esekelwe ngensimbi yamorphous. Iguqula ukukhanya komzimba ngamagugu aphansi wokuqina (isibonelo, insimu yamagnetic planethi). Ikhampasi elizwakalayo lisebenza ngushintsho ekuqondeni, njengoba kwakuhloswe.

Umphumela wecala

Ukuhlaziywa kwezakhiwo zesifunda esihlangene kwembulani ukungahambisani kahle emsebenzini walo ngemibono evunyelwe ngokuvamile. Kwakukhona ukuthi izibonakaliso ezitholwa kuma-electrodes we-transistor ye-semiconductor, elinganiswa ne-oscilloscope ngokuphathelene nezimbono ezinhle nezingafanele zomthombo wamandla, zinezinhlobo ezifanayo. Ngakho-ke, i-transistor npn yakhiqiza isignali enhle kumqokeleli, futhi i-pnp - i-negative. Yilokho umphumela kanye ne-Brock's drill ezithakazelisayo. Isigaba sesedivaysi siqukethe i-inductance, okuyinto phakathi nokusebenza kwedivaysi inokumelana eduze ne-zero. I-generator iyaqhubeka isebenza ngisho nalapho i-magnet enamandla isondela kumgomo. I-magnet igcwalisa umgogodla, ngenxa yalokho inqubo yokuvimbela kumele imiswe ngenxa yokuqedwa kwezinguquko kumjikelezo wempendulo wesifunda. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakungenakho i-hysteresis engaphakathi, ayikwazanga ukutholakala ngosizo lwamanani ase-Lissajous. I-puls amplitude kumqokeleli we-transistor yayingaphindwe kasikhombisa kunombane womthombo wamandla.

U-Kacher Brovina: isicelo esisebenzayo

Njengamanje, idivayisi isetshenziselwa ukubopha i-plasma ukudala ukungena kwamandla kagesi ngaphandle kokudala i-arc kumadivayisi wokuhlola. Ngokuvamile, i-duo isetshenziselwa - ipensela ka-Brovin no -transformla kaTesla. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukukhishwa komuntu ekuboshiwe, ngokuyisisekelo, kusebenza njengenjini ye-broadband ye-oscillations kagesi. Yona kuphela idivayisi yokudala ama-puls high-frequency, atholakala kuNicola Tesla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsunguli wadala amadivayisi wokulinganisa asekelwe kumshayeli, okuvumela ukucacisa inani eliphelele phakathi kwe-generator kanye nenzwa yomswakama.

Ososayensi benza isenzo esingenalutho

Incazelo engenhla yedivayisi kanye nomgomo wokusebenza kwayo (futhi lokhu kungabonakala ngokubukeka) iphikisa isayensi yendabuko. Umsunguli ngokwakhe ubonisa ngokucacile lezi ziphikisanayo, ucela bonke abadlali ukuba bafunde ubukhulu bezimpawu zedivaysi yakhe. Kodwa-ke, isikhundla sokuvuleka kulo magazini asikaholela emiphumeleni, ososayensi abakwazi ukuchaza izinqubo zomzimba ku-semiconductor.

Lokhu kubalulekile

Incazelo yempembelelo kaBrovin esiteshini esiseduze ingaba yindlela yokuguqula ama-athomu ezindawo ezizungezile. Lokhu kuboniswa ngumlobi wezinto ezisungulwe ekuhlolweni kwesiphetho sedivaysi esitsheni esivaliwe ingilazi lapho umoya uqhunywe khona ukuze unciphise izinga lokucindezelwa kuwo. Ngenxa yalokho kuhlolwa, akukho mphumela omkhulu ongavumela ukuthi idivayisi ihlelwe njengomshini wokunyakaza ongapheli (ngaphandle kwezilinganiso zangempela ekudluliseni amandla nge-wire). Lokhu kwaboniswa okokuqala nguNicola Tesla. Kodwa-ke, ukufundwa okungalungile kwamandla okulinganisa amandla okuchazwa kuchazwa yi-impulsive, nature inharmonous kakhulu yamanje egeleza emaketangeni okusetshenziswa kwamandla ngumshayeli. Ngenkathi ukulinganisa izinsimbi zomculo wohlobo lwe-tester zenzelwe ukuba kube khona okwamanje noma okwenziwe nge-sinusoidal (harmonic) yamanje.

Indlela yokuqoqa i-Quarry Brook ngezandla zakho

Uma, ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, unesithakazelo kule divayisi, ungayithola. Idivayisi ilula kangangokuthi ingahle yenziwe ngumsakazo wohlu othanda. U-Kacher Brovina (lolu hlelo lukhonjiswe ngezansi) lunikezwa i-adapter ye-12 V, 2 A yamandla, idla ama-watts angu-20. Iguqula isignali kagesi emkhakheni we-1 MHz ngokusebenza kahle kwama-90%. Ngomhlangano sidinga ipulasitiki ye-plastiki 80x200 mm. Ukuqhutshwa okuyisisekelo kanye nokwesibili kwe-resonator kuzolimazwa kuso. Ingxenye yonke ye-elekthronikhi yedivayisi ifakwe phakathi kwale tube. Lolu hlelo luzinzile ngokuphelele, lungasebenza amakhulu amahora ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. I-Kacer Brovina ngokuzitika ngokweqile iyathakazelisa ngoba ingashaya izibani ze-neon ezingaxhunyiwe ebangeni elifinyelela ku-70 cm. Iyisetshenziswa esihle sokubonisa isikhungo se-school noma seyunivesithi, kanye nedivayisi yedeskithophu yokujabulisa izivakashi noma ukubonisa amacebo.

Incazelo yomhlangano wesifunda kagesi

Umlobi wezinyunyana uncoma ukusetshenziswa kwe-bipolar transistor KT902A noma i-KT805AM (noma kunjalo, ungabutha umshayeli we-Brovin endaweni ye-transistor ye-field effect). Isici se-semiconductor kufanele sigxilwe kwi-radiator enamandla, ngaphambi kokugcoba ngokushisa okuqhuba ukunamathisela. Ungafaka ngokungeziwe ukufaka okupholile. Abaphikisi bayavunyelwa ukusebenzisa iminyango, futhi i-capacitor C1 ingasuswa ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, vula ukuqhuma okuyinhloko ngocingo oluvela ku-1 mm (4 ukujika), bese ukuqhutshwa kwesibili kungekho ngaphezu kwe-0.3 mm. Ukuvunguza kunxeba ngokuqinile ekuphenduleni. Ukuze senze lokhu, sihlanganisa ukuphela kwayo ekuqaleni kombhobho bese siqala ukuwufaka ngokugqoka ucingo nge-PVA glue njalo 20 mm. Kwanele ukwenza u-800 uphenduke. Silungisa ukuphela bese siwafaka kuso umqhubi we-insulated. Ukuqhuma kufanele kuphume ngendlela eyodwa, kubalulekile ukuthi bangangeni. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuguqula inaliti yokuthunga engxenyeni engenhla yepayipi bese uhlunga ukuphela kokuphefumula kuyo. Ngokulandelayo, sisebenza ngesifunda kagesi bese sibeka ndawonye ne-radiator ngaphakathi kwepayipi leplastiki. Le divayisi eyisiqalo iyinhloko ye-Brovin's.

Indlela yokwenza "injini ye-ion"?

Siqala idivaysi ehlangene kusuka kumandla amancane - 4 volts, bese uqala ngokushelela ukuyiphakamisa, ngenkathi ungakhohlwa ukuqapha okwamanje. Uma uqoqe isifunda kwi-transistor ye-KT902A, khona-ke umsakazo ekupheleni kwenaliti kufanele avele ku-4 volts. Ngomshini owandayo, uzokhula. Uma sifinyelela kuma-volts angu-16 kuzoba "okungajwayelekile". Nge-18 V, iyokhula ibe ngu-17 mm, futhi ngo-20 V, ukukhishwa kwamagesi kuzofana ne-real ionic motor esebenza.

Isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, idivayisi iyisisekelo futhi ayidingi izindleko ezinkulu. Ingaqoqwa kanye nomntanakho, ngoba izingane zithanda ukudlala nge "glands". Futhi lapha kukhona inzuzo ephindwe kabili: hhayi nje kuphela ukuthi ingane izoba ibhizinisi, uzophinde abe nokuzethemba kuye. Uzokwazi ukuhlanganyela embukisweni wesikole ngokudalwa kwakhe noma ukuziqhenya kubangani bakhe. Ubani owazi, mhlawumbe, ngenxa yendibano yedoli eliyisisekelo, uzokwenzela isithakazelo kumsakazo we-elekthronikhi, futhi esikhathini esizayo ingane yakho izobe isivele ingumlobi wezinto ezithile.