I-Perpetuum amandla asemaselula namahhala

Uma usebenzisa i-Intanethi ukuthayipha inkulumo ethi "perpetuum mobile ngezandla zakho" ebhokisini lokusesha le-Google, injini yokusesha izosiza ngokubonisa inombolo enomthelela kakhulu (imiphumela engaphezu kuka-75,000) yemiphumela ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izithombe, imiyalelo nemininingwane eminingi ngokusebenza kwamamodeli akhona. Futhi nakuba imizamo yokuphinda "impumelelo" yabalobi abaningi ekhaya iphela njalo ekuhlulekeni okuphelele, lokhu kuphinda kuqinisekise inkani enokwemvelo yomuntu, engavumeli muntu ukuba amukele isenzo semithetho engenakuguquguquka yemvelo futhi amenze afune imithombo engapheli yamandla angenamkhawulo.

Emlandweni, umshini wokunyakaza ongapheli ukhulunywa okokuqala embondweni wezinkanyezi zezinkanyezi zaseNdiya, izibalo nezimbongi Bhaskara, esivela cishe ngo-1150. Ngakho-ke, iNdiya ingabhekwa njengekhaya lobukhokho bamamodeli ahamba phambili e-perpetuum. Le nkondlo ichaza umshini wokunyakaza ongapheli ngesondo elinezikhwebu ezithintekayo emgodini wemikhumbi emincane, emide egcwele isigamu egcwele i-mercury. Umehluko ngezikhathi zokuvuthwa komzimba, okwakudala uketshezi oluhambayo ezitsheni, kwakuwukwenza ukuthi isondo lijikeleze njalo. Kodwa kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuvimbela imithetho yemvelo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukucabangela kwalowo muntu kwakulokhu kuholela emibonweni emisha. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sezinto ezilula, abaqambi banamuhla manje banikeza Sebenzisa ugesi, umbane noma amandla adonsela phansi. Isibonelo, umshini wokunyakaza ongunaphakade uhilela ukuzungeza umbuthano wezimbonjana ezincane futhi uziveze emkhakheni wamagnetti we-magnet ahlukaniswe ngokwahlukana. Ngokusho kwepulani, ukuchithwa kwegama elifanayo nokukhangwa kwamapulangwe ahlukile kwamakhanta kufanele kwenziwe isondo lishaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okuvela ngaphandle. Kodwa empeleni lokhu akukwenzeki, kungenjalo esikhathini esidlule wonke umuntu efulethini uzoba neyunithi efanayo.

Kuvela ukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu ufisa kangakanani, injini engunaphakade yanoma yikuphi, ngisho nokwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, iqukethe amaphutha futhi ayisebenzi. Futhi konke ngoba isimiso somsebenzi wakhe siphula umthetho wokuqala noma wesibili we-thermodynamics.

Ngo-1775, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule, eNtshonalanga Yurophu , inkantolo eyayihlonishwa kakhulu yesayensi ngaleso sikhathi, i-Paris Academy of Sciences, yaphikisana nenkolelo yokuthi kukhona khona umshini wokunyakaza ongapheli. Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, ososayensi abaningi abaziwayo baye bafakazela ubufakazi obuningi bokuthi akunakwenzeka ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo. Ephakathi nekhulu lama-20, leli qiniso laqashelwa yiHhovisi le-Patent yase-United States, elinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingapheli.

Noma kunjalo, kusekhona abantu abathi basungula enye imodeli yomshini wokuhamba njalo. Njengomthetho, laba bangamangaleli abazama ukwenza imali ngaphandle kokuzikhohlisa nokungazi imithetho ye-thermodynamics. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi phakathi kwalaba bantu kuyoba nomqondo omusha ozobe ekhona ne-eco-injini ehlanganisiwe ekwazi ukukhipha amandla ezweni elizungezile ngalezi zincwadi eziningi nangesikhathi eside somsebenzi engabizwa ngokuthi "phakade".