I ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane: ngqo inqubo

Betebulungiswa kuleli zwe luyasetshenziswa esebenzisa zobulelesi, zokuphatha, civil kanye nehambisana nomthethosisekelo. Lesi sikhundla lihlelwe art. 118 we-Basic Law WaseRussia. Ukuvikela amalungelo ezakhamizi kutinchubo encompasses ezihlukahlukene nobudlelwano zomphakathi. Isebenzisa kwezinkambiso emasimini zomthetho ahlukahlukene.

ubuntu

Ithuba ukuya enkantolo ngenxa yokuba khona futhi umthamo umkhawukho wesikhathi ukukhubazeka. Ngaphakathi lomuntu lokugcina ozuza ongakhetha kanye nezibopho zomthetho. umthamo lomthetho elibonakalayo zonke izinhlangano kanye izakhamuzi ngokulinganayo. Lubonakaliswa ithuba iqhaza ubudlelwane zomthetho. umthamo Legal kulawulwa Art. 37 Ikhodi of Civil Inqubo. Nanguya isihloko kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa le khomishana izinyathelo zokufeza amalungelo, kulethe nezibopho, ukushaja iqhaza ekuqhubeni ummeleli. umthamo Okugcwele zenqubo kwenzeka kubantu lapho usumdala.

iminyaka amathuba wezomthetho ababexoxa 18 ubudala

izithakazelo esisemthethweni inkululeko futhi amalungelo izingane ezineminyaka engu-14-18, abantu ukuhamba encishisiwe kohlaka zomthetho ukuvikela nabameli babo. Belapho:

1. Abazali.
2. Ababheki.
3. Abazali abakuthola.
4. Ama-Trustees.
5. abantu Okunye ngamalungelo afanele.

Ngo ihora. 4 tbsp. 37 GIC wathola ukuthi izimo ezibekwe ngumthetho kahulumeni ukuze bavikele izithakazelo izingane ephakathi kuka-14 no-18 kungenzeka yabo uqobo ezimweni ezisuka kusukela emndenini, emsebenzini, emphakathini, civil kanye nobunye ubuhlobo.

Ngokusho Art. 45 Umshushisi unelungelo ukusebenzisa unogada ekhululiwe, uma esemu-, isimo sempilo, ukukhubazeka nanoma iziphi ezinye izizathu kungaba ukwenza lokhu sodwa.

Umthetho ubuye umise ezimweni lapho iziphathimandla zikamasipala, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni, izakhamuzi nezinhlangano ungathumela isicelo enkantolo ukuze bavikele izithakazelo isihloko ezincane noma ehlatshwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isicelo lebhizinisi nesithakazelo noma omele yayo. Lesi sikhundla iqinile ubuciko. 46 (h. 1).

ukumelwa

Ngokusho Art. 64 Abazali (ch. 1) Umshwalense enze egameni lomuntu izingane zabo abangazange sebethole kweminyaka engu-18, uma kukhona ayiphikisani kubo. Ngokusho Art. 47 abadala enikiwe ilungelo ukumelwa ngokuhambisana umsuka izingane, eqinisekisiwe ngendlela ebekiwe ngumthetho. Abazali abakuthola bavela izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 esekelwe isinqumo ngokwamukelwa, okuyinto sacala kusebenta, kanye nobufakazi isenzo gorsegistratsii. Abaphathiswa kanye nabanakekeli izinyathelo ezizuzisa wonke umuntu we enkantolo yamacala ezingane, ngokuhambisana nesinqumo zemizimba ka sivikelwe futhi Trusteeship futhi kukhiqizwe isitifiketi.

Njengoba lezi zindaba angase khulumela tikhungo tetenhlalo Ukuvikelwa, abazalwa, nokunye.

abamele Legal enze egameni abantu abangazange sebethole engu-18 ubudala, bonke tinchubo, kungenzeka ukuba wenze okungokukaNkulunkulu zokugcina ngemikhawulo kubekiwe emthethweni.

I ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane enkantolo: GIC

Njengengxenye ekuqhutshweni kungase kudingeke ukubiza umuntu ongazange attained engu-18 ubudala. I ngemibuzo ufakazi ingane ekuqhutshweni civil ngaphambi kweminyaka eli-14 wenziwa khona nochwepheshe imfundo. Ngokubona abagunyaziwe ukuze kutholakale isixazululo, thishela angagcina khona ukuyiswa ubufakazi a subject zeminyaka 14-16. Uma kudingekile, kokuphekwa ngemibuzo ufakazi ingane ekuqhutshweni civil kungase kubangelwe ngabazali bakhe, abanakekeli / ababheki.

Ezicashile inqubo

Nge kwemvume esengamele Pedagogical abasebenzi, abanakekeli / ababheki / abazali banelungelo cela eziwubala lohlolwako. Bangaphinde ukuveza imibono yabo kokuqukethwe wobufakazi umuntu ndaba. Kwezinye (ezehlukile) izimo, uma nesidingo esingaka kunqunywa ukusungulwa kwezimo ezithile, kusukela inkantolo ngesisekelo ukuzimisela umuntu ogunyazwe kungenziwa kususwe noma ukuthi khona umuntu noma akulona umangalelwa nofana umangali. Ngemva kokubuyela e-kuncike ekamelweni, uma oyingxenye kunjalo, wabika okuqukethwe othathwe ubufakazi ubuso ezincane futhi nethuba ukubuza imibuzo.

Ngo Art. 179 kuchazwa esinye isimiso esikhethekile izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16. Uma kuphelile imibuzo kofakazi engamahlongandlebe enkantolo, it esuswa enkantolo. Ukukhethwa yilapho umuntu ogunyazwe ukuba ngiqhube ekuqhutshweni uthathwa khona kwakhe okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Ngokusho Art. 57 RF IC enkantolo izozwa ukubukwa wengane mayela nezindaba ezithinta izithakazelo zabo, kunoma yikuphi ukuqhuba, naphezu kokufinyelela eminyakeni ewu 10 iminyaka, isimo sengqondo izimo lishiwo 154, 136, 143, 72, 134, 59, 132 Ikhodi Family, it wenziwa kuphela kwemvume ingane. Kwezinye izimo, umbono ezincane kufanele kucatshangelwe uma akusiyo kuphambene izinzuzo zalo siqu.

amalungelo engane

I ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho kuhlinzekelwe abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala. Ikakhulukazi, le ndaba nobulelesi onesibopho ubufakazi bamanga. Kuziwa ngaphansi Art. 307 we Criminal Code iminyaka engu-16. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngale yobudala sihlinzekela athwale icala ukwehluleka noma ukwenqaba ukunikeza ulwazi eyaziwa kumuntu. Kuziwa ngaphansi Art. 308 we Criminal Code.

Ngaphambi afeze ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane, echaza kwamalungelo akhe nezimiselo zakhe. Ngokuhambisana Art. 69 umthetho nenqubo, ingane ungenqaba zifakaza ngokwabo noma izihlobo zabo (abafowethu / nodade, abazali / abazali abakuthola, ogogo / omkhulu).

I ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane: Ikhodi Criminal Procedure

Inqubo ukufakaza icala lobugebengu enezinto eziningi izici ezithile. Okokuqala, i-umsebenzi ogunyazwe ubophekile ukuba ameme uthisha ngemibuzo ufakazi engamahlongandlebe. -CPC usetha ethile isisekelo oluyiqiniso uthisha ucingo. Them ukuhluleka ukufinyelela ingane abaneminyaka engu-14. Leli qiniso kuqinisekisiwe, ngokuvamile isitifiketi sokuzalwa.

Esinye isizathu ngokuletha uthisha uyokwenza njengoba isinqumo sesikhulu ogunyaziwe. Uma kudingeka, ezincane ubufakazi kokuphenywa umphenyi noma obuzayo kungase kwenziwe khona uthisha, uma isihloko iminyaka 14-18. Lesi sikhundla iqinile esigabeni 191, Ingxenye 1 ikhodi.. Kweqhaza uthisha kumele iboniswe e irekhodi. Lokhu kungase uzilungiselele isinqumo isimemezelo kokungathembeki wesikhulu esengamele ogunyaziwe ukumema efundisa abasebenzi ngemibuzo ufakazi engamahlongandlebe. Ikhodi Criminal Procedure ivumela nenkanuko edlulele leli qiniso futhi emaminithini.

Ukucaciswa sokubhalisa

Uma ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane abamenyiwe othisha, embikweni ibonisa ulwazi ngakho. Ikakhulukazi eqoshiwe:

1. Igama eliphelele
2. Imfundo.
3. Isikhundla.
4. Indawo yomsebenzi njengoba uthisha.
5. ikheli zokuhlala.

Kulokhu, umsebenzi kuzuzisa ukucacisa uhlobo ubuhlobo obuphakathi ezincane kanye uthisha ugunyaziwe ukuqhuba kokuphenywa (uma kukhona). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba ukusungula khona / ukungabikho izimo, okuyinto ukudala izithiyo iqhaza kothisha kule nqubo.

uprofesa wezomthetho

Nge kwemvume uthisha umphenyi ebuza imibuzo ukuze ingane ngesikhathi kwenzeka ephonswa ngemibuzo. Kulokhu, umsebenzi unelungelo ukuthatha omunye noma olunye udaba. Nokho, njengoba imisiwe, leli qiniso kumele iboniswe ku imizuzu. Le mfuneko uyaneliswa ngokuhambisana Art. CCP 166 (ch. 4). Ngokusho kuyinsakavukela, zonke izenzo ezichazwe umbiko ngokulandelana lapha bekene uzibophezele.

Ingqikithi amalungelo omele

Kuthiwa ngesikhathi ekuqhubeni nezigaba ezithile izimo njalo isidingo ukuqhuba kokuphekwa ngemibuzo ufakazi ezincane. umkhuba yeKambiso ezimweni ezinjalo akuyona indawo ebanzi kangako njengoba kungase kubonakale. Lokhu kungenxa cishe yokuthi le nqubo lihlotshaniswa nobunzima ezithile ngokwengqondo, ikakhulukazi ingane. Kule ndaba, imithetho apelwe omele kumelwe abe khona ngesikhathi kokuphenywa kwabancane.

Amagama angukhiye

Vele ilungelo ngokwalo e kuphakama isihloko, ngokuhambisana Art. 191 we Criminal Procedure Code. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo kungenzeka zomthetho Kwenziwa kuhambisana ifomu elibekiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngaphambi kuncike kuphakama ilungelo iqhaza ngemibuzo ingane, kumelwe ukuthola ilungelo elingokomthetho nommeleli wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwamukelwa umuntu inqubo eyenziwa nge isitatimende kwesicelo sabo efanele. It is ihlanganiswe ngokuvumelana nemithetho babeka phansi komthetho, futhi kubonakala efayeleni icala. Esinye isimo ukuthi ummeleli ungakwazi kuphela iqhaza isenzo okuphenya, lapho ingane selivela lohlolwako.

Kule singakwazi iziphetho ezilandelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuleli lungiselelo ivumela ummeleli ukuthumela isicelo iqhaza hhayi kuphela e kokuphenywa yayo ingane, kodwa le ngxabano. Nokho, uma umuntu ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, kuyolethwa icala isimo ehlukile, nesithakazelo isihloko imfuneko zingase zisale ngaphandle ukwaneliseka. Kanjani futhi wafundisa abasebenzi, Abameli kumele banikezwe lokungabaza izingane sahlonywa imibuzo nge kwemvume umphenyi / umphenyi. Ngamunye wabo kubonakala olandelwayo. Ukubeka isihloko kanye imibuzo babuzwe lo mbuzo, kodwa ubeke eceleni umphenyi / obuzayo.

isiphetho

Ngokuvamile, ingxenye encane ekuqhubeni ekuqhutshweni sobugebengu sinenai ekhethekile probative. Isihloko lingaba nolwazi ukuthi icacisa amaqiniso athile noma ukwaziswa okungase nesandla elucidation yabo. Kwezinye izimo, ingane ingase ibe esabe ukudalula imininingwane eyaziwa kuye. Ngokuhambisana iziphathimandla komthetho kumele siqinisekise ukuvikelwa abantu abathintekayo kuleli cala. Uma kudingekile, ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokufakaza kungafihlwa kusukela ukufinyelela komphakathi.