I-Prosody yisayensi yama-sound units angaphezulu

Ngisho nasezikhathini zelulwimi lwangaphambili abantu bazama ukuthola izincazelo zezimo ezahlukahlukene zezilimi. Ngakho-ke kwavela imfundiso yokugcizelela - i-prosody. Lokhu kwenzeka ukuchaza ukushaqeka nokulinganisa kwamalunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunesichazamazwi esingavamile.

Leli gama

I-Prosody manje ibhekwa kusuka ezinhlangothini eziningana, ngakho ayinayo incazelo ecacile. Isibonelo, kuma-phonetics we-prosody, lokhu kuyisayensi yamayunithi ahlukahlukene aphezulu womsindo. Lapha sisho intonation, ithoni, ukucindezeleka, njll.

Ngokwe-versification, igama elifanayo linomqondo obanzi. Kuhloswe ukutadisha izakhi ezibalulekile zamagama ezikhuluma. Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo zezinhlamvu zamagama, ukuyeka. Mhlawumbe ufana nesigqi.

Okunye okukhethwa kukho

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-prosody ivame ukusho ingoma yokukhuluma, izici zokukhuluma ezihlukene: isisu nesimiso, isigqi, amathoni. Echaza umqondo wokuthi "inkulumo yokukhuluma," ngokuvamile ichaza i-intonation, nakuba la magama amabili ahlukaniswa phakathi kwabo.

Ngokuqiniseka, imiqondo eminingana ingasetshenziswa: i-prosody ye-syllable, amagama kanye nezinkulumo ngokwazo (inkulumo).

I-Syllable

Ukukhuluma ngesilulumagama, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kuleli cala prosody ithoni. Ezweni kunezinombolo eziningi zezilimi ezisetshenziswa amathoni we-syllabic njengesici esihlukile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umuntu angabonisa ukuphikiswa kwe-semantic.

Elingqayizivele, amathoni amabili angahlukaniswa: izinga kanye ne-contour. Okukhethwa kukho kokuqala kuvame ukubhekisela kumathoni amazinga ahlukene: aphezulu, aphansi, aphakathi, aphakathi. Ngokujwayelekile le prosody ibonakala ngezilimi zase-Afrika kanye nenkulumo yamaNdiya aseMelika. Uhlelo lokuncintisana luhlanganisa ukuthungatha amathoni. Kulesi simo, ithoni ephezulu, ephansi, kanye nenhlanganisela yayo ichazwa. Lolu khetho luvame ukunikezwa izinkulumo e-East Asia.

Igama

Ukukhuluma ngegama, i-prosody iyisikhumbuzo. Lapha kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile izihlanganisi, ukuhlanganisa ngegama, ukudala isakhiwo esibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, banomhlangano okhethekile wezinyathelo. Igama ngalinye linembile, okungukuthi, isilawuli esikhethiwe. Bonke abanye banombala ocindezelekile ngokuphathelene nabakhethiwe. Ngakho ungakhetha ukusakaza komsindo bese ubhala i-quanta yesigqi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kukhona enye indlela yokugqamisa izingcingo zegama. Kuthi mayelana ne-timbre prosody.

Nakuba kunjalo uma sikhuluma nge-prosody yegama, khona-ke udinga, okokuqala, ukukhuluma ngokucindezeleka. Kulesi simo i-prosody inemisebenzi ethile. Isibonelo, isiphetho. Unomthwalo wokugcizelela egameni elithi "isikhungo". Okubalulekile kubonakala inkululeko futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunqunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, lo msebenzi ukwazi ukwabela kuphela ifomu lohlelo lohlelo, kodwa futhi unake izinkomba kanye ne-lexical-semantic version yegama. Umsebenzi we-delimitic we-verbal prosody ubonisa ukugcizelela okuphawula umngcele wegama futhi kulungisiwe.

I-Prosodika

Abanye bachaza amagama athi "prosodica" nethi "prosody." Lo mbono uyiphutha, ngoba le mibono ibhekisela ezindaweni ezahlukene. "I-Prosodik" yafakwa kuma-70s ekhulwini lokugcina. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona isithakazelo ekutadisheni umbhalo, ukuhlaziywa kwalo. Leli gama laziswe ngokuhlukanisa. Igama elithi "prosodic" lisetshenziselwa isimo se-syllable, kepha "i-prosody" ngumqondo obanzi futhi ibhekisela kuwo wonke amadivaysi engxenye. Okungukuthi, angasetshenziselwa kuphela isilawuli, kodwa futhi ngegama, igama, isigaba nombhalo.

Ukuhlukanisa

Kubalulekile ukuphawula amagama athi "intonation" ne "prosody." Abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bafana, nakuba kusekhona umbono wekhadini. Zombili lezi zinkulumo ziyizinto eziningi. Zombili zihlanganisa umculo, nokucindezeleka, ithoni, isigqi, ukuma isikhashana, isitembu nokunye.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-prosody yinto ehlukile kuphela ehlukanisa ama-syllables futhi inquma inhlanganisela yabo emafonini wezwi. Kodwa inkulumo ingathinta okuqukethwe kwe-semantic, indlela yokuziphatha, incazelo yokuxhumana. Ibuye ihlukanise izici zokwenziwa zokwenziwa kwenkulumo.

Imisebenzi

Ngandlela-thile, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa imisebenzi ye-prosody, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yileliphi leli gama. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wokuxhumana uhlukaniswa, okwenza kube lula ukwakha inkulumo ekhethekile enezici zokuxhumana. Umsebenzi womzwelo manje usuke uthandwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwesakhi somzwelo ne-prosody abukho ngokuphelele.

Umsebenzi wobuntu-social manje awuqondakali kancane. Noma kunjalo, kuyisihlonzi somuntu okhuluma. Ingabonisa isimo sayo senhlalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko, njll.

Umsebenzi wokwakha ulandisa okuningi ngokubhala. Kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sombhalo. Olunye umsebenzi oluhlobene nenkulumo ebhaliwe, noma kunalokho, ngokuqondile ematheksthini, isakhiwo-isakhiwo nokwenza isitayela. Bobabili banesibopho sokuhlaziya umbhalo, badinga ukuwuhlakaza, ukubeka imingcele phakathi kwezinkulumo zokukhuluma, izingxenye zombhalo, njll.